Zida Medical ndi cholanda nkhani. Kupereka mankhwala. katundu Medical: gulu ndi mapangidwe a

katundu Medical chapadera zovuta zakuthupi njira. Iwo apangidwa kupereka chisamaliro, kupereka mankhwala, matenda, kuteteza, pathologies ndi zotupa za wotsutsa, komanso miyeso zosiyanasiyana ukhondo. gulu ili mulinso zida za kuwonongeka kwa utumiki mabungwe, mayunitsi ndi formations. Kenako m'nkhani adzapatsidwa makhalidwe ndi gulu la zipangizo zachipatala.

gulu lalikulu

Pali zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya mankhwala zipangizo. The akuluakulu monga:

• Mankhwala. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala, kuphatikizapo ZINGATHANDIZE, zinthu anafuna popewa kuvulala kwa ionizing cheza.
• Immunobiological wothandizira.
• Chemical reagents. Zikuphatikizapo Inter zina zotere, monga muyezo-maudindo, komanso akanema wa mtundu matenda ndi matenda.
• Deratization, disinsection, disinfectants ndi mankhwala othamangitsa.
• Kuvala.
• zida Medical ndi Chalk.
• Laboratory ndi mankhwala mbale ndi Chalk ena.
• Akutsutsa chisamaliro mtima ndi ena consumables zachipatala katundu.
• Katundu ndi zipangizo physiotherapy, mano.
• X-ray filimu ndi zipangizo Zithunzi. Aids ndi zina zotero.

Kupereka mankhwala onsewa utumiki katundu

Pakali pano, Russia mayina ndipo ankaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoposa 5500 za mankhwala. Malinga ndi gulu womulera ndi matupi lolamulira ntchito mankhwala, iwo anawagawa m'magulu 90 pharmacological zowombetsa mkota. Koma zikhalidwe za ntchito MASOKA utumiki dipatimenti kukakamira pa kuchepetsa wa nomenclature ndi zinthu zogwirizana cha umphawi wadzaoneni. Choncho, monga ena ophunzira liquidation wa ngozi Chernobyl ndi chivomezi ku Armenia, ndi kuchuluka chachikulu amakhudzidwa zina madokotala, kusonyeza chisokonezo, cholakwika posankha wina kapena njira zina kapena zakuthupi. Pankhaniyi, mawu ali oyenera maphunziro Vishnevsky, m'mbuyomu - dokotalayo mkulu wa SA (asilikali Soviet) kuti zinthu aluso umalimbana kupha khwimbi la anthu, wamkulu otaya mwa anthu, n'kofunika kukhala kosavuta kutsatira mu Dongosolo la njira thandizo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ngakhale zosiyanasiyana alipo, makonzedwe a zachipatala MASOKA utumiki katundu ikuchitika mwa kusankha yabwino kwambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi chikoka cha zinthu zina zimene yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi yabwino ntchito zipangizo zapadera pansi pa umphawi wadzaoneni. The World Health Organization, makamaka akonzedwa wapadera lalembedwa. The zida zogwiritsa ntchito kuchipatala, cholinga kuthandiza anthu amene akhudzidwa zinthu mwadzidzidzi, zochokera anthu 1,000 miyezi itatu, mayina 12 a mankhwala a magulu 11 pharmacological. zida chowonjezera pa 10 chikwi. Anthu. kwa miyezi 3. Pamafunikanso mankhwala 55 kuchokera siyana 40.

zipangizo NKHANI

Pakuti utumiki masoka anayamba mndandanda wapadera mankhwala. Limafotokoza 60 magulu pharmacological. The wothandizila ambiri mu formulations, mbewu zambiri popanga mu mlingo munthu, Mavalidwe, zikutanthauza kuti kulumikiza zidutswa minofu ndi chiwerengero cha zinthu zina mu mawonekedwe wosabala. osiyanasiyana awo, poyerekeza ntchito mu zintchito zawo zipatala kwambiri yafupika popanda kusemphana thandizo yonse. Anasankha katundu zachipatala zikuphatikizapo zipangizo zamakono anaikira yosungirako yaitali ndipo ntchito kwambiri zinthu. Mu dongosolo lake pali mankhwala lalikulu FarmGruppa monga yotakata-sipekitiramu mosabisa. Akonzekeretse anasankha mafoni kapena kunyamula, kunyamula zipangizo. Ndi abwino ntchito mu chilengedwe kuchipatala ndi pakagwa tsoka.

nomenclature

Kukhazikitsa ake malamulo ntchito mankhwala zogula. Iwo ngati kuchuluka kwake koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zimenezi kapena zinthu. Komanso, anapanga zida malo zachipatala vuto la zochitika mwadzidzidzi. zinthu izi akutsatiridwa zochokera pa mlingo ntchito thandizo anapereka kwa mabungwe akhudzidwa ndi maudindo utumiki masoka, gulu ndi ndodo zawo mayunitsi, kapangidwe ndi chiwerengero zomvetsa ukhondo, monga kugonjetsedwa kwa anthu. Wonjezerani wakudziko ndi kachulukidwe, sayansi ofotokoza chizindikiro wagawo zipangizo zachipatala. Iwo anapereka nkhani ya mapangidwe, gulu, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito kukumana zotchulidwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Kovuta zida zamankhwala ndi malo apadera pamaziko a magawo mawerengedwe anakhazikitsa ndi unduna wa zaumoyo la Chitaganya cha Russia. chiwerengero chawo ndi nomenclature ndi njira kuthetsa zotsatira ngati ES mtundu makamaka. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka monga zivomezi, matenda unyinji wa mtundu wa ngozi pa cheza kapena makampani mankhwala woopsawo ndi ena.

tebulo

Pamaziko a chikalatachi ikuchitika kusunga zipangizo zachipatala anaika nazo ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusonyeza kuchuluka ndi mndandanda wa zida ndi zipangizo anapereka akonzekeretse kosamalira kapena mapangidwe utumiki malinga ndi unit kopita. Mankhwala zalembedwa ndi pharmacological, zida - magulu MALONDA ndi zinthu zina - ndi mtundu ndi magulu ena, amene kudziwa osiyanasiyana ntchito. M'gulu chikalata ichi katundu mankhwala wotchedwa zokonzedwa.

zosakaniza mndandanda

Amaonekera chifukwa amaganizira zofuna za bungwe kapena mapangidwe cholinga chake pa maziko a kufunika kwa thandizo kuchuluka Kwalamulidwa ndi nambala yeniyeni ya anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi mbiri lolingana kwa nthawi zina. Zikuchokera monga ndalama kusinthidwa malingana ndi zosowa zenizeni, kumapeto kwa ntchito zinthu mwadzidzidzi - kuti buku zafotokozeredwa tebulo. Masiku ano, pali mndandanda kwa kutiyesa ndi multi- munda kuchipatala ndi mitundu 19 magulu potipatsa chisamaliro apadera zachipatala. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Opaleshoni.
• Vutoli.
• Neurosurgery.
• Toxicological.
• Kuwotcha.
• Obstetric.
• Dokotala opaleshoni ndi ena.

Aliyense brigade chuma zachipatala kuchita masamu pa apadera thandizo mwachindunji chiwerengero cha akuvutika. Makamaka, chifukwa:

• Otani ndi achire - anthu 25.
• matenda opatsirana, kuikidwa - 50.
• Laboratory ndi matenda amisala - 100.
• Mbiri zina - anthu 10.

Medical kuchipatala chuma malinga ndi khadi lipoti lakonzedwa kuti asamalire aluso (ndi zinthu apadera) mu mphamvu buku la anthu 200-250. patsiku. Kotunga ndalama kubwezeretsa kwa ankadya zinthu oyeretsa chipatala ndi kuthandiza akuvutika chifukwa cha malo tsoka utumiki. Koyenera malo a mwadzidzidzi akukhala mogwirizana ndi malamulo kumatanthauza ndi unduna wa zaumoyo la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Gulu la zipangizo zachipatala

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana kugawa chuma ndi zipangizo. Makamaka kutali gulu lakuti, physicochemical, pharmacological ndi zina makhalidwe ndi katundu. Mu Russia, Ponseponse "Nawo classifier" magawo ambiri mafakitale omwe anali zipangizo ndi mankhwala. Zimenezi, kuvumbitsira zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito mpukutuwu. Mu yochizira matenda, pali makalasi zitatu zida zamankhwala. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Mankhwala.
• Medical zida.
• Zinthu zipangizo chisamaliro mtima.

The kalasi yoyamba m'magulu awa a chuma:

• Koopsa physicochemical ndi katundu pharmacological.
• Kawopsedwe.
• State wa loitanirana.
• Kudziwa zinthu zina.
• The njira ya ntchito.
• mawonekedwe kumasulidwa.

Nzika kusamalira odwala, nayenso ali m'magulu nkhani omwe anapangidwa, cholinga ndi zina zotero. zida Medical zimagawidwa monga zinalengedwera mbali zinchito cholinga (makina, zipangizo, zida, zida). Zida ndi zipangizo ntchito mu utumiki wa ngozi, m'magulu awiri mogwirizana ndi cholinga awo: nkhokwe ndi zida panopa. Aliyense wa amenewa akuphatikizapo onse njira mankhwala. Gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo zinthu ntchito mu tsiku ntchito zachipatala ndi khalidwe kafukufuku, komanso zolinga maphunziro. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo njira ndi zipangizo ntchito mwadzidzidzi.

Zilipo

Amawapatula ndi osachepera ndi kusunga chuma. The chachiwiri zonyamula zida ndi zipangizo akonzekeretse a mayunitsi ndi mabungwe tsoka utumiki, ntchito mogwirizana ndi zochita za atsogoleri a m'zipatala kapena ndi a zaumoyo. Osachepera malo zikuphatikizapo chuma kupereka pereprofiliruemyh dorazvertyvaemyh mabedi ndi mayunitsi a mbiri achire ndi prophylactic ndi iwo m'magulu. Iwo anafuna kuti ntchito ya nkhondo mwadzidzidzi ndi yamtendere.

nkhokwe yosungiramo

Chitetezo cha zipangizo zachipatala ikuchitika mwa kulenga zinthu zofunika chitetezo ake, Kutukula ndi Kupatsila wokonzeka ntchito mwa zina malire nthawi. Zida ndi zipangizo zochepa malo ali malo apadera mabungwe amene ndi ntchito MSGO. Reserve katundu kusungidwa pa ziwalo malo malo tsoka utumiki. Kukhala woyenera wa zida ndi zipangizo kuchita zinthu zina. Makamaka, ndi kufufuza zonse za zipangizo zachipatala. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu tsiku lothera m'malo ndi atsopano. Pa nthawi yomweyo ikuchitika zolemba zamankhwala katundu linalandidwa kuchokera kwa malo. Inventories ali akuyendera ntchito m'tsogolo pamaso tsiku lothera ndi. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kusayembekeza zipangizo zachipatala ku malo a. M'malo mwake, alandira ndalama ndipo amapereka nthawi yaitali yosungirako. Magawowa kukhazikitsa malo anagwira ku malo, mogwirizana ndi boma kukhazikitsa kukula kuchepetsa mitengo yogulitsa zilipo. nkhokwe Expenditure kokha ololedwa kupereka thandizo lofunika anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi tsoka. Kenako, buku la mutu katundu achire zonse.

Zida & Zida

Zida gulu osiyana zipangizo zachipatala. Iwo mmatumba mu chidebe wapadera. The zikuchokera kukukhala ndi malamulo ndi kuchuluka. Zida ndi cholinga chake ndi mayunitsi ndi madipatimenti zinchito za mabungwe tsoka. Kapangidwe zikuphatikizapo zipangizo, mankhwala ndi zipangizo zina ndi zinthu za magulu osiyana. Opaleshoni zida chifukwa akuphunzitsa mayunitsi ndi mabungwe tsoka utumiki awa akuimira mu mawonekedwe kukukhala wapadera. Zikuphatikizapo zinthu ndi cholinga zinchito kwa mtundu winawake wa ntchito ndipo anaikidwa m'njira akuchipatala pakati pa phukusi (phukusi). Pali mndandanda wa zida apadera ndipo ambiri opaleshoni:

• Sikuyenda.
• Mavalidwe.
• Vutoli.
• Mano ndi ena.

mapangidwe kukukhala

Mu ndondomeko akatswiri asilikali kutsatira mfundo zina. Makamaka:

• Kuwayika zinthu mu beseni ikuchitika kutenga nkhani mayiko a analamula ndi kupitiriza ntchito.
• Kugawilidwa kwanthaka kakatundu imagwiridwa mu chimodzi kapena zingapo atagona malinga ndi kulemera ndi miyeso.
• Mankhwala amaphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wa njira.
• Medicaments mndandanda "A" ndi mankhwala psychotropic wosiyana zinthu zina anayikidwa mu bokosi limodzi.
• Zinthu amafalitsidwa mu beseni malinga ndi katundu physico-mankhwala (flammable, oyaka, odoriferous, flammable ndi zina) ndipo ngakhale chimodzi.

Malinga ntchito, maphunziro atamaliza chidebe disposable (katoni, plywood bokosi, thumba, etc.) kapena angapo (matabwa mabokosi, m'mapaketi, zikwama, etc.) ntchito. Kenaka ayenera kumvera malamulo a portability ndi durability, mwamphamvu anatseka.

Ubwino mtolo

Kugula katundu zachipatala zida angapo ubwino poyerekeza ndi mayunitsi yobereka payekha. Ndi chilengedwe kukukhala anapanga kukhazikitsa zofunika zazikulu zimene zikhudza mndandanda wa zida ndi zipangizo mu mapangidwe ntchito tsoka. Makamaka, dzuwa ndi zimatheka pamene amakasiya zipangizo zachipatala ku malo zomvetsa misa ukhondo, mkulu liwiro kungomanga ndi kudzakwaniritsa wa mayunitsi zinchito, zikumveka la magawo a kuthawa. Ofunika ndi mayiko kuphedwa mwachindunji ntchito kupereka thandizo lofunika anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi tsoka. Chifukwa zili zinthu mwa mawonekedwe a zida za opaleshoni kuchita ntchito yeniyeni inapita ndipo kwambiri ntchito yokonza ndi kukhazikitsa wotsatira wa neurosurgery, matenda, Urological ndi zolinga zina. Pamodzi ndi izi zimatithandiza kwambiri ntchito kukafola bwana ntchito yobweretsa zipangizo zachipatala. Zida n'zosavuta kunyamula, yosungirako m'munda. Nkhani za phukusi la pamlingo winawake adziteteze ku kungasokoneze wa zinthu zachilengedwe (mumlengalenga mpweya, fumbi, dzuwa ndi ena) zokhudza zinthu zadzidzidzi, kuwononga makina. Kuti kusintha chitetezo cha magalimoto ndi zida pa mayendedwe mkati beseni mu akanema wa otungira Amawapatsa ndi liners, partitions, mapadi opangidwa kuchokera ku mantha kungolandira chuma, kugawa malo amkati m'zipinda, jacks, maofesi ndi zina zotero.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri,

Monga mbali ya zida za ntchito mankhwala kokha malire lalikulu okwana alumali moyo. Chalk ndi zinthu zida, kuphatikizapo zida opaleshoni, mwachindunji pamaso pakuika anayesedwa Kutukula ndi kupezeka kwa mbali zonse zofunikira. Pakuti yosungirako yaitali amatipatsa chitetezo ndi dzimbiri. Chimathandiza mndandanda wa zida anakhala ndi chuma cha zida za imagwiridwa payekha m'kupita chiphaso ake ku malo ndi pharmacies. Kupatulapo amaonedwa waika zinthu kuvala ndi matayala, matumba ukhondo. kubwezeretsa awo ikuchitika kwathunthu.

Kuwapatsa zida mayunitsi asilikali

Nthawi zonse mu Utumiki wa asilikali Russian anapatsidwa wozengereza ukhondo-ukhondo, achoke zachipatala, mitsuko odana ndi mliri, komanso miyeso atiteteze kwa zida zoopsa Medical. Kuchita zimenezi n'zotheka ngati zida zipangizo ndi zofunikira ndi zipangizo. Pa ntchito nkhondowo Expenditure m'mavoliyumu ndi mkulu. Mwachitsanzo, pa ntchito mu 1944 wa mabungwe Chibelarusi athera miliyoni nsalu ndi matani 39 a ubweya thonje. Pa nkhondo Orel-Kursk lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito 100 malo magalimoto. Ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu chapakati kutsogolo kwa nkhondo wonsewo anatumizidwa magalimoto oposa 31 zikwi. Chifukwa ichi madokotala asilikali anatha achita m'Mphamvu oposa 90% odwala ndi za 72% ya ovulala. Zinthu zamakono m'nkhondo mowa ndi kufunika kwa zipangizo zachipatala chifukwa mkulu misa imfa ndi kwambiri.