Diencephalon

Midbrain ndi mbali yaikulu komanso kwambiri zimagwirira ntchito kwambiri pa tsinde ubongo. Lili ndi nambala yaikulu mitima kuti malo ofunika kwambiri a dongosolo autonomic, komanso mbali ya tichipeza zopangitsa awiri endocrine - ndi England pineal ndi pituitary England. Midbrain ili ku kwambiri corpus callosum pakati pa hemispheres oziziritsa, ndi zochepa kumbuyo chamawonedwe thirakiti zapambuyo perforated mankhwala, ndipo patsogolo - ndi chamawonedwe chiasm.

The wapakatikati kapangidwe ka ubongo ndi zovuta, chifukwa ambiri malo osiyana kuti zonse uziyenda zabwinobwino komanso kugwira bwino ntchito ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndi kachitidwe. Mu ubongo (wapakatikati) amadziŵika: epithalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, ventricle wachitatu ndi ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha.

The thalamus (hillocks zithunzi) kupanga nsapato mawonekedwe elongated. Iwo aumbike mwa kudzikundikira nkhani imvi mu mawonekedwe a mtima (za makumi), amene analekanitsidwa ndi wosanjikiza woyera olimba. Epithalamus anapereka epiphysis kapena pineal England. Epiphysis maonekedwe akufanana ndi phirilo Oil ndi isanafalikire pa midbrain quadrigemina. Kuchokera kunja ali ndi kapisolo, amene kuwonjezera m'kati partitions kulekanitsa epiphysis mu magawo.

Metathalamus anapereka medial ndipo, ndithudi, lateral geniculate matupi, ndiwo malo kumva ndi masomphenya. Iwo zili kuseri khushoni ndi magawo awiri a thalamus ndi olumikiza midbrain miyendo colliculus wapamwamba m'munsi. The ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha limaoneka nyuzi, ndi chiasm chamawonedwe, imvi phiri, pituitary ndi matupi awiri mastoid. The pituitary England ndi wofunika endocrine dongosolo, ili mu pituitary fossa sella pa sphenoid. The ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha umabala ndendende mmunsi mwa diencephalon lapansi.

Onse phata hypothalamic, kumene mozungulira makumi anai a malo zina ogaŵikana kumbuyo, wapakatikati ndi kutsogolo, ambiri a iwo kubala neurosecretion. Front phata ankaimira paraventikulyarnymi ndi supraoptic, kumbuyo - mtima hypothalamic ndi mastoid thupi, sing'anga - m'munsi ndi verhnemedialnymi mtima hypothalamic, mtima ndi serobugornymi nyuzi.

Diencephalon mulinso ndi ventricle lachitatu, ndilo ubongo patsekeke. Iye anati pansi pa wachinayi ventricle, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo - kudzera foramen interventricular - ndi ventricles yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Pamene ndi zina zonse, ndi mu plexus lachitatu mtima, imene chakudya madzimadzi cerebrospinal.

Ntchito ubongo wapakatikati zimadalira ziwalo:

• The lamulo dongosolo endocrine, kuyambira mu diencephalon anakonza pituitary ndi pineal. Pituitary timadzi kumapangitsa kupanga izi: kukula, prolactin (kupanga mphamvu za mkaka mu alveoli wa zopangitsa za mammary), TSH, ACTH, follicle-popatsana, luteinizing, lyuteotropnogo, melanotropin, oxytocin, vasopressin. Neurosecretory ntchito ya England pineal ndi bwino diurnal mode. Usiku synthesizes melatoksin, zomwe zimafunika kuwombola pigment, ndipo masana - serotoksin.
• The lamulo dongosolo autonomic. Mu ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha kwa, inali malo subcortical ya bongo autonomic, monga ludzu, njala, satiety, zosangalatsa, kusakondwa, thermoregulation, komanso mitundu yonse ya maganizo.
• The lateral geniculate matupi inali malo subcortical la masomphenya, ndi medial wa - kumva.
• The thalamus ndiko kuchimake kwa tilinazo chonse, kupatula olfactory lapansi.

Midbrain, monga ulamuliro, uli ndi zinthu zambiri kuphwanya mmodzi wa iwo angakhalenso ndi zotsatirapo mpaka kalekale, zimene n'kogwiritsa kulumala kapena imfa.