Ziboliboli Nikkolo Pizano: yonena, zilandiridwenso ndi chidwi mfundo

m'nkhani ino tikambirana pa moyo ndi ntchito ya ziboliboli Italy ndipo wamanga Nikkolo Pizano. Iwo chimatengedwa ngati tate wa sukulu Italy a zomangamanga zimene zinapangitsa kuti chitukuko lofotokoza lonse la Italy.

magwero

Nikkolo Pizano akuti ndi woyambitsa wa sukulu ya chosema Italy ndipo ndi atate wa wotchuka luso ziboliboli Dzhovanni Pizano. Ndiponso anazindikira ndi woyambitsa Protorenessansa chikhalidwe. Tsiku lenileni limene iye anabadwa silidziŵika mbuye. Akatswiri a ntchito yake zikusonyeza kuti tsiku zambiri tinganene kuti mu 1219.

ziboliboli anabadwa mu Puglia, kum'mwera kwa Italy. Ngati ife titembenukira kwa miyala ya Siena, inu mudzapeza kuti amatchedwa mwana wa Pietro. "Pisano" - si dzina lake lenileni, koma ndi dzina kuti wamanga anali, nthawi yaitali ntchito ku Pisa.

learning

Nikkolo Pizano, amene ntchito bwino umaonetsa mkulu mlingo wa luso, anaphunzira ambuye wamba mu kwawo. Palinso nkhambakamwa kuti anaphunzitsidwa maphunzilowa, amene anagwira ntchito Brasco phewa Mfumu Frederick II ndipo unali wofunika kwambiri pa mwambo zachikhalidwe. Iwo ayenera kuti anafika ku Pisa kale ndithu anapanga ziboliboli. Pamene nthawi wasonyeza iye anasankha bwino, kusiya mwambo Byzantine chifukwa cha kubwerera ku pulasitiki wa dziko wakale. Akukhulupirira kuti pafupifupi 1245 mamita-Nikkolo Pizano ueahal Tuscany kumene adagwira ntchito Castello Del Prato Mfumu.
Patapita nthawi, ndi ziboliboli kachiwiri kusamuka: akufotokozera Lucca kumene anapitiriza chosema wake. Patapita kanthawi, iye amayendapo ku Pisa (pakati pa zaka 1.245 ndi 1,250). Icho chiri mu mzinda uno wa Nikkolo Pizano anakumana mkazi wake, ndipo anakhala bambo wake. chibwenzi chake amadziwa chilichonse. Pisano mwana wokondedwa ndi kuphunzitsa luso lake ali aang'ono. Popeza kusamukira ku Pisa, zimayamba kuoneka mu zolembedwa zonse pansi pa dzina la Nikkolo Pizano.

chilengedwe

Akatswiri akhoza motsimikiza wotani ntchito m'gulu dzanja la ziboliboli Pisano. Akukhulupirira kuti ulemerero wa Nyumbayi Castello del Mfumu anali pachibwenzi ndi iye. Mosakayika kuti wolemba mikango akuonetsedwa pa zipata za m'linga, nayenso, ali. M'ntchito zake Tuscan nthawi monga "mutu mtsikana", chomwe chili mu Roma (Palazzo Venezia). Mu Lucca chimene chikuchita yokongola ya wapakamwa wa Cathedral St. Martin.

chaluso loyamba

Nikkolo Pizano, amene ziboliboli anakumana onse Italy, mu 1255 analandira kuti achindunji Pisa, chimene anali kulenga mpando wa mobatizira. Pa ntchito iyi ziboliboli ntchito ndi anzake Lapo Di Richevuto ndi Arnolfo di Cambio. Iyo inali ntchito koyamba kuti Pisano walemba. Amaona mwaluso wake woyamba, monga mbuye anali wokhoza kuti kuphatikiza Agiriki ndi mochedwa kalembedwe Roma.

Akukhulupirira kuti pamaso Pisano mwakhama kuphunzira sculptural kanthu nthawi ya Augustus, kotero zochuluka za izo zinaonetsera Dipatimenti ya mobatizira. Zinali 6 mpweya dongosolo zopangidwa oyera, pinki ndi mdima nsangalabwi wobiriwira, amene apuma pa arches ndi. Yotsirizira anapangidwa kalembedwe Gothic mu mawonekedwe a trefoil. Chipilala amathandiza mizati mkulu. Pa ngodya iliyonse Chipilala anaikidwa chithunzi cha aliyense wa anayi makhalidwe kadinala (wotchuka kwambiri chithunzi - chifaniziro cha Mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a Hercules). Akukhulupirira kuti chilengedwe cha loterolo ambuye ndi mobatizira ouziridwa arches kupambana wa Roma, amene anachita chidwi, pamene iye anapita ku Ostia.

Tiyeni tikumbukire kuti Chipilala cha Constantine amadziwikanso chokongoletsedwa ndi mizati ndi reliefs. Mu zithunzi otsiriza akuonetsedwa zosiyanasiyana ndi moyo wa Yesu Khristu: "chiweruzo chotsiriza", "molemekeza Amagi," Kufalitsa "m'kachisi," "pamtanda", etc. Komanso, ntchito pa mobatizira sangathe kunyalanyaza zoonekeratu tingachipeze powerenga zinthu zimene Pisano anali ophunzitsidwa ku .. bwalo la Mfumu Frederick II. Akukhulupirira kuti ntchito yabwino ya Niccolo - mpumulo "The Annunciation", "molemekeza Abusa" ndipo "Kubadwa kwa Yesu". Mu ntchito iyi ziboliboli bwinobwino ophatikizana sayansi ya ambuye zakale ndi zamakono za tanthauzo zopatulika za miyambo Mkhristu. Mu fano ili woyera ndi amatikumbutsa ntchito mabwana wakale: iwo anali akuluakulu, chapamwamba ndi wanzeru.

Shutdown ndi mwana wake

Mozungulira 1264 Pisano anamaliza ntchitoyo ayenera akhale mzikiti mobatizira. Poyamba kuti anali pachibwenzi wamanga Diotisalvi, koma kenako ntchito unapatsidwa kwa Niccolo. ziboliboli The waganiza kuti mobatizira pamwamba ndi kukongoletsa ndi domes awiri. Mozungulira 1278 kuthandiza Niccolo anadza mwana wake Giovanni, amene anathandiza kutsirizitsa ndi mobatizira, zokongoletsa wapakamwa ziboliboli. Patapita kanthawi, Niccolò anayamba kugwira ntchito pa likasa la zotsalira za St. Domi-. Development Pisano adavomereza, koma ntchito china adakana. Patapita kanthawi, anali dzanja polenga m'manda kwa Saint. Domi- mu Bologna pamodzi ndi Fra Guglielmo.

Dipatimenti kwa Siena Cathedral

Mozungulira 1265 anayamba ntchito pa dipatimenti kwa Siena Cathedral. Okwana wakhala pa izo kwa zaka zitatu. mpando zikufanana kwambiri mwaluso wake woyamba - ndi mobatizira. Komabe, apa zasintha ukulu ndi dongosolo anapanga ikuluikulu kukula. Komanso chidwi ndi ulemerero, chifukwa anali wapamwamba kuposa mu kufufuza choyamba. Ntchito anali kugwira ntchito ndi mabwenzi ake okhulupirika - mwana wa Giovanni, ndi Arnolfo di Cambio ndi Lapo Di Richevuto. Tikaona atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena mphako ziboliboli, tikhoza kunena kuti kwambiri chikoka cha French Gothic.
The ntchito lotsiriza la Nicola ndi Dzhovanni Pizano - kasupe, zomwe cholinga chake chinali kukongoletsa lalikulu chachikulu Perugia. Affidavits amanena kuti Niccolo amangira Mpingo wa Santa Trinita ku Florence, monga chikumbutso cha Cistercian Gothic, amene anapitilira chitukuko mu Italy.

Polongosola mwachidule tinganene kuti Niccolo anali kholo la sukulu ku Italy chosema, chimene chinafika mpaka m'zaka XIV, ndi kukopa kwake linafalikira lonse la Italy. Zambiri mu ntchito za Pisano wa m'mbuyomu anali chakale zizindikiro ndi mafano, danga anadzazidwa kwathunthu, popanda danga kuthawira zapamwamba. Koma ntchito ya Nikkolo Pizano (zojambula wake) kukakukonzerani anthu ena kusintha kwambiri m'munda wa chosema ndi zomangamanga. Achita ngati ankamasulira kwa akudumpha. zaka 1260-1270 anali otanganidwa kwambiri kwa mbuye, chifukwa iye anali chilolezo kuchokera konsekonse Italy.