Zhan Bodriyyar: yonena, zolemba. Baudrillard wojambula zithunzi

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mawu inafotokoza kuti: "Ngati anthu akunena - zimatenga nthawi. Pamene nthawi imati - anthu kusiya ". Pambali pa woyambitsa amagwira izi tanthauzo lake limayenda ndi makhalidwe atsopano. Pamene iye anachoka Zhan Bodriyyar, kunapezeka kuti iye anali kwambiri ponena za nthawi ndi anthu a m'dera limene ankakhala, makhalidwe ake komanso aluso kuthi mtengo zosasinthika.

Iye anali munthu kufunafuna njira zatsopano mu china chilichonse tichita - mu philology, Chaanthu, nzeru, ndi mabuku, ndipo ngakhale pa luso kujambula.

mdzukulu wa wamba ndi

Iye anabadwa mu kumpoto France, mu mzinda wa Reims, July 27, 1929. Makolo a banja lake nthawi zonse ntchito pa dziko, koma makolo awo antchito. Kuti apange okwanira kusukulu ya pulaimale kapena sekondale - monga Baudrillard anakhulupirira m'banja. Jean anatha kulembetsa pa Sorbonne, kumene anaphunzitsidwa Germany. Iye anati pambuyo pake kuti anali woyamba m'banja amene analandira maphunziro a ku yunivesite, ndipo ichi n'chifukwa zosagwirizana ndi makolo ndi chilengedwe, komwe anakhala ubwana wake. Olimba, wamfupi koma wojintcha mwamuna ndi kuzungulira nkhope mlimi wina amene ankakonda kusuta dzanja adagulung'undisa ndudu, anapita ku Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira ka ophunzira otchuka French.

Zhan Bodriyyar, amene mbiri yaitali kugwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha Chijeremani ndi mabuku, kuyambira 1956 ntchito mu sekondale. Pa nthawi yomweyo amagwirizana ndi Mabaibulo ambiri "anasiya" mapiko, kusindikiza iwo essays zolembalemba komanso yovuta. M'nkhanizi, komanso Mabaibulo a Peter weiss, wopangidwa ndi Bertolda Brehta, zooneka opukutidwa, nditaona, paradoxical kalembedwe ulaliki chosiyanitsa ngakhale zovuta kwambiri malemba sayansi Baudrillard.

lecturer mu Sociology

Mu 1966 anali kufotokoza nkhani yolembedwa ake Chaanthu pa University of Nanterre-La chitetezo. Campuses kunja kwa mzinda wa Paris mu 60s mochedwa - kukuchitika maganizo "leftist", otentha cauldron umene anakhetsa wophunzira zipolowe mu 1968. Kwakukulu "leftist" maganizo anakopeka pang'ono palokha chikhalidwe cha Baudrillard, ngakhale anakumbukira kuti iye anali nawo zionetsero odana ndi nkhondo, zomwe kunkakhala amenye - zinachitika kuti pafupifupi wagwetsedwa boma la de Gaulle. Mwina ndiye kuti anabadwa imodzi mwa mawu wotchuka Baudrillard: "loudest amafuna chete ..."

Mu Paris X-Nanterre University, ndipo kuyambira mu 1986, Paris-Dauphine IX - awiri a khumi amene anali Sorbonne, Jean Baudrillard anagwirizira udindo wa lecturer akuluakulu (pulofesa wothandizira), kenako katswiri wa Chaanthu. Pamene ankagwira ntchito kumeneko, ambiri asayansi otchuka: Anri Lefevr, Rolan Bart, Per Burde. Chitulutsireni ntchito yoyamba ya Baudrillard anayamba kusangalala kutchuka kwambiri pakati anayambitsa nzeru ano.

Marxists

Zhan Bodriyyar chidwi ndi Marxism, ndipo ngakhale anamasulira ena a ntchito za oyambitsa a chikominisi sayansi - Marx ndi Chichewa. Koma chikoka uyu anali wa khalidwe paradoxical, amene unaonekera mwa kuphunzira iwo, ndi zikhulupiriro zina. Kuti tizindikire malingaliro ayenera zikukwaniritsidwa kwa kusanthula pano, ndipo zinatha zonse zoyesa kusintha lathunthu kapena lakuthwa kutsutsa. Monga tanenera mu umodzi wa aphorisms wake - "maganizo Chatsopano ali ngati chikondi: iwo zisathe."

"Dongosolo la zinthu" (1968) ndi "Kugula Society" (1970) - ntchito imene Zhan Bodriyyar ntchito kuganizira mavuto zamakono za khalidwe la anthu chakudyacho chiphunzitso chikominisi.

Lanthano "olemera anthu", amene ankaona cholinga cha chikondi za mafakitale, wakhala chitukuko, pomwe cholinga chachikulu - kutsatira mfundo anavomera, imene imagwiritsidwa malonda a katundu ndi ntchito. Yabwino inaimika izo - mosalekeza mowa. Marxist view wa asapita kupanga, monga muyezo waukulu ingatithandize kuzindikira anthu mu dziko yamakono ya zizindikiro, ndi kwadzaoneni chakale.

Neonigilist

Nkhanza Kutsutsa zikuchitika kwa anthu pang'ono ndi pang'ono kukhala lalikulu Baudrillard mabuku. The ntchito "mumthunzi ambiri chete, kapena kutha kwa chikhalidwe '(1983) muli mawu kuti m'nthawi yathu ndi mzere kupitirira zomwe oipa ndi kugwa. Wakale kalasi Kapangidwe ka anthu wasoŵa kupanga opanda pakati pa misa munthu wa anthu, amene amagwiritsidwa kutaya mawonekedwe.

ammudzi anthu amakhala zopeka. Zhan Bodriyyar, amene makoti ndi osiyana ndi yolinganizika ndi expressiveness, analemba kuti: "nzika The anacheza kawirikawiri kuti anasiya maganizo kulikonse." Iye amakana misa mphamvu kwa chifaniziro zaphindu ndale. mfundo zonse - chipembedzo, ndale kapena nzeru zaumunthu - sanali moyo, chifukwa mosatsata kulunjika mwa generalizing ku chilamulo sasiyanitsa pakati pa iwo ndi kupezeka kwa okonzeka zopangidwa mndandanda wa zolemba ndi zomwe iwo amanenedwa.

postmodernist

Polemic katundu malemba kuweruza Baudrillard linachititsa ndi aukali zimene alionse ochokera kwa ena, pamene ena anapatsidwa chifukwa kulengeza mkulu wa ansembe ake postmodernism, chimenenso iye mwachangu otsutsa. Ngakhale mkulu wa ndende kukana njira kupitirirabe chikhalidwe, amene imbues ntchito yake Baudrillard, nzeru postmodern Zikuoneka kuti adzampatsa chisoni, ndipo ngakhale mgwirizano.

Akamanena za postmodern, amene tichipeza mu m'badwo wa machitidwe atsopano yokumba ndi kusewera wosatha ndi zithunzi ndi mfundo osiyana, izo sizikuwoneka kupata ndi kulenga. Koma kudzikana monga "mphunzitsi wa postmodernism" tithe iye Zinali zovuta kwambiri. zoonekeratu kwambiri anali virtuosity ndi zomwe ananena maganizo ake mawu, panali masewera zithunzi ndi matanthauzo kwambiri mesmerizing malemba ake, monga Izitu n'zovutitsa ndi wakuda nthabwala wa Baudrillard anakhala pafupi zina meme.

Ideologist za "masanjidwewo"

Chimodzi mwa ziphunzitso odziwika bwino kwambiri a Baudrillard ali anaikira mu buku lotchedwa "Simulacra ndi kayeseleledwe" (1981). Yankholo mu lingaliro la "hyperreality," ndiye kuti tikukhala m'dziko limene maganizo yoyerekeza ndi zokumana nazo m'malo chinthu chenicheni. Onyamula wa hyperreality izi, "njerwa", umene imakhala ndi simulacra. tanthauzo mu kulozera kwa chinthu kapena lingaliro, kutanthauza kuti iwo - ndi kayeseleledwe. Amatsatira zonse mu dziko zakuthupi ndi mumtima. Ife sitikudziwa chirichonse za zochitika zenizeni, zonse anayesetsa mfundo wina amazionera, akuyang'ana kupyolera mu mandala winawake.

Kufunika kwa mfundo imeneyi kwa wowerenga Russian chili mu Pelevin «Generation P", koma kuti dziko lonse - mu "masanjidwewo" trilogy mpatuko Wachowski abale (1999). Lumikizani Baudrillard mu filimu zimasonyeza mwachindunji - mu mawonekedwe a bukhu "Simulacra ndi kayeseleledwe", limene mbali yaikulu - owononga Neo - anapanga pobisalira zinthu oletsedwa mwachitsanzo bukhu wasanduka ndi kayeseleledwe m'buku la ...

Zhan Bodriyyar monyinyirika analankhula za nkhani mu trilogy ichi, ponena kuti maganizo ake mmenemo sali bwino ndi molakwika.

wapaulendo

Mu 1970 ndi asayansi ambiri amayenda padziko lonse. Kuwonjezera Ulaya, anapita ku Japan ndi Latin America. Zotsatira za ulendo wake ku United States anali m'buku lakuti "America" (1986). Izi ndi akatswiri luso essays - osati chiongoko alendo, osati mbiri alendo. Buku amapereka omveka mawonekedwe kusanthula "Baibulo loyambirira la modernity", poyerekeza ndi Ulaya ndi kwadzaoneni kumbuyo sangathe kusintha kuti akonze zosatheka ndi eccentric hyperreality.

Iye anagwira diso langa chikupangitsa izi hyperreality - superficiality chikhalidwe American, umene Komabe, saletsa, koma umati chabe. Baudrillard mfundo zosangalatsa za zotsatira za Cold nkhondo. Pamene United States kupambana zilili m'dzikoli zina zabodza.

Ulendo wopita ku Japan anali kwa Baudrillard mfundo yodabwitsa kuti kumeneko anayamba mwini unit ano, ndiye kungotengeka maganizo chithunzi luso zafika pamlingo latsopano.

wojambula zithunzi

Pamene iye sankaona yekha nzeru zapamwamba ndi sanaitana ndekha wojambula zithunzi, ndi kutchuka anatengera zimenezi panalibe chilakolako chake. Zikuonekeratu kuti Baudrillard ngati wojambula zithunzi anakhalabe monga wodziimira ndi choyambirira woganiza, ndi nzeru zapamwamba kapena wolemba. njira Yake nthawi zonse wapadera. Iye ananena kuti cholinga chake - kukwaniritsa Kudziwa mu chinyezimiro cha chinthu ndi zachilengedwe, zimene chirengedwe isonyeza zimene akufuna kuchita kuwoneka.

zithunzi wake lofalitsidwa mu Albums angapo, njira Baudrillard kwa kuwombera akhala nkhani ya zokambirana kwambiri mwa akatswiri. chionetsero wake posthumous a "njira Kutha" zithunzi 50 anasangalala chidwi ndithu m'mayiko ambiri.

Inde a aphorism ndi

anthu ochepa amadziwa kufotokoza mfundo m'njira kuya kwake komanso kusalekerera analimbikira ndipo pambuyo kulanda. Ena aphorisms - kupitiriza zokambirana pa mitu sayansi ndi nzeru zaumunthu, pamene ena - ndi nyota mwangwiro zolembalemba, ofanana luster a chiphiphiritso malonda:

• "Madzi kuuma - kungowonjezera madzi."
• "The chisangalalo madzi kumverera pa milomo yake kuposa kuchokera mwazimeza."
• "Kafukufuku - mawonekedwe womwewo wa cholakalaka-kukwaniritsidwa, komanso maloto."
• "Ndili ndi zovuta awiri okha: kukumbukira osauka ... ndi china ..."
• "Kuwala nthawi anagwetsa amphamvu, ndi kokha kwambiri perekani njira zonse."
• "Chinthu zomvetsa chisoni nzeru yokumba, ulibe ndale choncho nzeru."
• "Mulungu aliko, koma ine sindimakhulupirira mwa iye."
• "Ine ndikumverera ngati mboni ya kulibe."

"Imfa tanthauzo" - mawu awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunena Zhan Bodriyyar. Wambiri mwachidule umaonekera masiku awiri (07/27/1929 - 06/03/2007), pamodzi, mwa zina, danga buku la ntchito nzeru, zomwe zikhale zosavuta kukhulupirira choonadi cha mawu amenewa.