Zatsopano Pavlov - n'zosangalatsa

Komabe mtsutso yomangika ngati panali Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, sikolala wamkulu wa nthawi yake, kapena kukondwera kwake kwambiri kuona mavuto a "Zipatalazo". Tiyeni tiyese kutaya mtima ndi kuyang'ana pa zonse bwinobwino.

Akamanena zimenezo

I. P. Pavlov mu choyezera, wapafupi St. Petersburg, Koltushi, ntchito, kuphunzira njira ya mapangidwe reflex wabwino. Kuphunzira ofufuza amachitika agalu. Ntchito yonse inali ikuchitika ngati "nsanja ya chete" - wapadera soundproof kudzipatula chipinda limene kunalibe zikuchitika kunja zomwe zingakhudze chiyero zimenezo. Scientist nthawi yomweyo kuonera nyama kudutsa mu kachitidwe a magalasi apadera kudzera iyeyo anakhalabe wosaoneka galuyo. The galu anali opezeka pa makina wapadera, zomwe okha gulu lake.

Cholinga cha Paulo zimaperekedwa mmene agalu akuchitanji ndi malovu England zikuchitika osiyanasiyana akunja. Chifukwa chaichi, nyama anachita opareshoni, outputting ndi malovu England ritsa kunja kwa chabe kulemba pamaso malovu, chiyambi chake, profusion ndi khalidwe malovu. Pavlov Kenako anayesetsa kuti nyama kuyankha pokhapo titachitapo kuti nzothandiza kale ndale - phokoso, kuwala. Komanso, kunja kuika ndipo mapeto a kum'mero kuti aziona linanena bungwe la madzi chapamimba agalu.

Pavlov a zatsopano chakale pa agalu tikupeza kuti pamene nyama pambuyo metronome yomweyo analola kudyetsa. Pambuyo ziwembu zingapo galu anayamba salivate pakumveka metronome lapansi. Zinachitikira ndi Pavlov nyale unathandizira pa mfundo yomweyo, koma m'malo metronome ntchito babu muyezo, amene pambuyo galu analandira chakudya. Kotero pamaso mlendo kwa nyama anadzakhala gwero la nzothandiza kunja, amene anayamba kumutchula kuti zowongolera reflex. Mwatsoka, zikuchitika onse anali zabwinobwino. Mu zatsopano wake, Pavlov ntchito magetsi, zilango zosiyanasiyana.

Mavalidwewa

Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zosangalatsa zambiri za zatsopano ndi kukhala Pavlov wabwino bongo mu coyotes kuti kukoma wa nkhosa. Pakuti zikamera wa reflex izi coyotes anaponya poizoni nkhosa nyama. N'zosadabwitsa kuti pambuyo koyamba asiya kusaka nkhosa nyama womangidwa kwa uka kwa iwo pambuyo chikuonetseratu malaise wake. alimi ambiri nthawi yomweyo izo pa bolodi.

Udindo wa zatsopano

Chiphunzitso cha chiyambi cha bongo wabwino zoposa zaka zana zapitazo, ndipo lero mpaka pano chofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya kuwerenga maganizo. Ngakhale zamaganizo ano motsogozedwa ndi zotsatira za zatsopano za Pavlov mankhwalawa matenda ena okhudza ubongo, komanso kupanga ayankhe khalidwe.

agalu Pavlov a

Ambiri ntchito kuti akutsatiridwa Zochita asilikali zinathera m'chaka cha kulephera kwa chinyama. Monga Pavlov mwiniyo ananena pamene iye amadula ndi kuwononga nyama yamoyo, limaleka chitonzo caustic, kuti akuswa limagwirira luso. Koma iwo umachita zimenezo chifukwa cha choonadi ndi ubwino wa anthu. Kudzera zatsopano wake, Pavlov opaleshoni onse akuchita pansi mankhwala, kuti azivutika zina nyama. Pa ubale wa wasayansi milandu ndipo anati izo anaika mu St. Petersburg chipilala kuti galuyo.

Tsopano galu Pavlov a - si wosayankhula mayeso nyama. Ndi wofera enieni, ngwazi za wodwala amene anavutika chifukwa cha sayansi ndi kuthandiza munthu lonse. Za iye anamuwombera kwambiri mafilimu, olembedwa ambiri mabuku ndi zipilala. Ngakhale imfa yake, pokumbukira nyama zimenezi akadali moyo. Dzina la Pavlov aliyense wa ife mwachindunji ndi galu, kotero ife tikhoza bwinobwino kuti ili ndi vuto kawirikawiri pamene ndimakumbukira nyama experimental anapulumuka pokumbukira wasayansi wamkulu.

Pomaliza

Choncho panali wasayansi wamkulu Pavlov? funso limeneli lidzayankhidwa unambiguously zabwino zokha. Koma ngati njira zake analungamitsidwa? Palibe yankho limodzi.

Mosakayikira, anathandiza kuti kuwerenga maganizo ndi nkhokwe, koma, mwatsoka, nthawi zina muli nsembe chifukwa cha sayansi ndi malamulo ena abwino. Tisaiwale kuti nyama zonse kupulumuka anali pa wasayansi ndi penshioni moyo wautali. Ndikufuna ndikuganiza osati chifukwa cha mapendedwe.