Zamoyo: akamanena za mfundo ndi waukulu makhalidwe

Tizilombo dongosolo - chopereka cha zinthu zimene umanena ndi modalirana, kupanga gulu limodzi, ntchito zenizeni, komanso kucheza ndi chilengedwe kapena zigawo zina ndi kachitidwe.

Waukulu zinchito zinthu kachitidwe zotere magulu a bungwe ndi gulu loyenera. Zikuphatikizapo mamolekyulu munthu aliyense payekha ndi maselo, zimakhala ndi ziwalo, ndi zamoyo lonse, anthu awo ndi topezeka ngakhale lonse. zinthu zonse izi, kuyambira ndi mlingo organismic, amatha padziko awo, kupanga milingo lolingana kwa zinthu, zomwe ndi mawonetseredwe apamwamba udindo Biosphere.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti zonse zamoyo, ngakhale zinthu zosiyana constituent, yodziwika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• amachita ntchito lolingana;
• kuti amakhala ndi okhulupirika ena;
• Amakhala subsystems osiyana;
• kusintha, omwe ndi kusintha lolingana poyankha exposures osiyana zachilengedwe;
• Komanso, zamoyo amakhala ndi mtendere ndi kuthekera kumene, mosalekeza kusinthika kwa zigawo kuonongeka komanso lathunthu kapena tsankho watsopano ndi lokha.

Ndi homogeneous zamoyo ndi mlingo wa gulu la amoyo, amene amakhala ndi mtundu wa mogwirizana lolingana zinthu komanso njira okhudza malo ndi wathupi muyezo zimene zimachitika mmenemo.

Lingaliro la osiyana misinkhu ya gulu la nkhani moyo anakhala ambiri mu m'ma 20. Kumafuna zosiyanasiyana za moyo zonse pa dziko mu apawokha ndi inakula magulu osiyana structural.

Tikumbukenso kuti zamoyo amakhala ndi mfundo masanjidwe - magulu a gulu kupanga piramidi zenizeni, mmene aliyense mlingo structural ndi lotsatira, koma udindo wapamwamba. Komanso, magulu osiyanasiyana a bungwe kucheza ndi chikoka mzake.

Kuyambira kale, anayamba kwachilengedwenso systematics - mwambo amene cholinga ndi chitukuko cha mfundo zina za gulu la zamoyo zonse zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga machitidwe kwachilengedwenso.

Pakali pano, gulu la zomera ndi nyama ikuchitika mogwirizana ndi mfundo tatchulawa la utsogoleri wolowezana: anthu ena - mitundu imene amaphatikiza mibadwo - banja - kuti kapena detachment - makalasi kuti apange magulu ziwalo, - mitundu amene ali mbali ya maufumu. Mwachitsanzo, chomera kapena chinyama makamaka ayenera kutsatira kuti aliyense wa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya gulu la.

The yachilendo mawu akuti "superkingdom" kapena tizilombo ankalamulira. Lililonse zamoyo zimagawidwa komanso eukaryotes superkingdom, mabakiteriya ndi archaea.

Tikumbukenso kuti zamoyo ali ndi mbali zina: zamoyo osati mwa iwo okha komanso chilengedwe, chifukwa mu kuwombola ambiri mphamvu kanthu ndi zambiri. Moyo popanda mogwirizana zimenezi sizingatheke.