Yalta - Russia kapena Ukraine? Yalta, Crimea. mzinda Yalta

Yalta pa mapu ndi kum'mwera kwa Crimea ku Foros kumadzulo ndi kwa Krasnokamenka kum'mawa. mzinda chimatengedwa ngati spa likulu la chilumba cha, ndi zonyamula zofunika ndi doko malonda.

History dzina la

mzinda wa Yalta, pa Baibulo ambiri, afika dzina la mawu Greek "Gialos" omwe anamasuliridwa kuti "gombe". Kwa nthawi yoyamba mudzi anatchulidwa 1154. Mizere ya mzinda Polovtsian pa Nyanja Black anabwera kuchokera cholembera wa mbiri Arab Al-Idrisi.

Yalta pa mapu. maonekedwe ndi malo osiyanasiyana

mzinda ili kum'mwera kwa Crimea chilumba. Iwo ali m'mbali mwa Yalta Bay, mu Nyanja Black. Mkati mwa mudzi mapiri a Darsan ndi ulemerero. M'dziko la Yalta wazunguliridwa ndi semicircle a Crimea Mountains.

General achisangalalo m'mapaki kukopeka ndi Vorontsov ndi Livadia, ikuphwanyidwa Wamkulu Yalta (yotsirizira ndi mzinda iwoweni, Alupka ndi midzi yambiri). Choyamba, iwo tisangalatse ndi kukula awo ochititsa kaso. Polenga iwo akhala ntchito kwambiri wapadera yokongola zomera yachilendo.

nyengo Features

Kodi mzinda wa Yalta? Pa za ufulu mofanana otchuka pogwiritsa Italy Genoa ndi Ravenna. Pafupifupi 2250 maola chaka, mzinda caresses dzuwa ofunda. Chizindikiro chomwecho akhoza kudzitama amenewa wapamwamba pogwiritsa Mediterranean monga San Remo, Nice ndi Cannes. City Yalta (Crimea) chimasiyana kotentha nyengo, ofanana subtropical Mediterranean. Nyengo ndi mvula ndi wachete, kasupe ndi yozizira, chilimwe yaitali ndi kutentha, ndipo nthawi yophukira ndi ofunda ndi yaitali (otchedwa Indian chilimwe).

Yalta pa Crimea khadi ali kukumbatira lachikondi la nyanja ndi mapiri, amene zinthu zokometsera odalirika ku chisanu. Izi Mbali Hrs amapereka zinthu zabwino alendo.

Yalta (Crimea) anatchuka makamaka zinthu zake zosangalatsa. nkhokwe monga "Cape Marian," Crimea Natural ndi Yalta phiri nkhalango, kupereka mankhwala ndi nyengo mtengo achisangalalo.

magombe

Yalta (chithunzi cha mumzindawu anapereka m'nkhani) anatchuka chifukwa magombe ake zazikulu. Komabe, osati kale anali pansi ndi kudzitsitsa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kugumuka. Anthu anayamba dala ennoble magombe patangotha zaka zingapo zapitazo. Choncho, iwo unapangidwa bungwe ndi kumanga kusunga makoma, kukumba ngalande mu nyanja ndi backfilling miyala. Mothandizidwa ndi cranes akuyandama anaika mazana matani groin, ndi pakati pa iwo anayikidwa mamiliyoni kiyubiki mamita wa makhalidwe. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu aphunzira kulenga magombe yokumba, ngakhale m'madera amene anali kale wosayenera kuchita zosangalatsa.

Zinyama, zomera

Yalta Reserve ndi malo apadera, kumene amalima mitundu zikwi ziwiri za zomera zosiyanasiyana. nkhalango mlombwa-thundu ndipo wokolopa yokutidwa mapiri a mudziwo. Ambiri Chi paini ndi Crimea, komanso mlombwa, sessile thundu ndipo fluffy, mapulo, hornbeam, mumamera paini, dogwood, peyala ndi phiri phulusa.

Nkhalango pa chakumwera ndi zofunika kwambiri madzi chitetezo ndi nthaka phindu motetezera, kotero amaonedwa nkhokwe zachilengedwe mosamala kulondera.

The zomera la kum'mwera Crimea gombe ali ndi khalidwe chilumba, ndipo ndi ofanana mu mtundu ku Mediterranean. M'dera lino, mutha kuona nswala wofiira, mphalapala roe, nkhosa phiri, nkhosa yam'tchire mwala marten, akatumbu, gologolo-Teleut, Boar zakutchire, weasel, nkhandwe, kalulu, hedgehog, shrew, mleme.

zinthu zachilengedwe

Choyamba ife kusankha nambala ya mavuto alipo:

• mayunitsi osachepera asanu ndi anayi paola (nthawizina chithunzi lino kwa ma PC 1600.) katundu magalimoto pa Njira yaikulu ya Yalta masana chilimwe. Pamene nyengo yozizira, ndiwo mpweya zoipa m'mlengalenga amaonedwa boilers ka chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito, boma masamba kwambiri wolakalakika kwa zaka zambiri.
• Ndende pazipita mpweya monoxide m'misewu ikuluikulu Simferopol ukufika asanu Mac (pazipita kololeka ndende), ndipo Yalta Misewu - atatu Mac. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa ntchito mafuta otsika khalidwe.
• Ngati akatswiri unakhazikitsidwa Yalta pafupifupi kawiri kuposa ndende mulingo woyenera kwambiri benzopyrene. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti zinthu zachilengedwe mumzinda osauka.
• Mu March 2012, Bank European kwa kumanganso ndiponso Development anali allocated hryvnia miliyoni khumi wamakono Yalta sewers kuletsa kumaliseche a effluent mu m'Nyanja ya Black. Komabe, monga cha 2013 mumzinda wa zomera chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito akadali mu chikhalidwe choipa kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, pafupi ndi doko magombe ndi wowonongedwa ndi madzi zimbudzi nthawi.
• April 2012 zinali zodzaza ndi kukambirana yotakata zoipa m'tawuni mavuto msewu kuyeretsa. m'deralo bungwe ntchito zawo zaufulu pa kukonza zinyalala ku Yalta. Mu September chaka chomwecho zochitika zina adapitiriza, chifukwa makonsolo sanathe kukhala ukhondo mu mzinda.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mabwinja a midzi ya anthu akale a gawo Crimea - Tauri - anapezeka zinthu zakale pafupi Simeiz, pa Cape Ai-Todor pa phiri mphaka, komanso m'madera ena. Zinthu anatitumiza pafupifupi zaka za zana lachinayi ndi lachisanu BC. Tees anali achifwamba, asodzi, alimi, alenje ndi abusa. Moyo wawo akhoza kukhala theka wina.

Malinga ndi nthano, Yalta - mzinda linakhazikitsidwa ndi amalinyero Greek. Akukhulupirira kuti iwo akhala Akhafamba thambo lalikulu la Black Sea, ndipo ataona nthawi yaitali banki, ananena kuti: "Gialos" (monga Greek zikumveka mawu "gombe"). Popeza m'mayiko amenewa ndi dzina lake. Pa mapu ndi zikalata za XIV atumwi. mzinda amatchedwa Yalita, Gialita, Kallithea ndi Etalita.

Yalta - Russia kapena Ukraine? Panopa limabweretsa la Russia, koma m'chilimwe cha 1475 m'tauni, monga ena a Crimea, anagwidwa ndi Ottoman Turkey. South Coast linaloŵetsedwa mu Ottoman. Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu panali chivomezi chachikulu, chimene anawononga Yalta. makumi asanu zokha pa malo owonongedwa anayamba kukhazikika Armenia ndi Ahelene. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti analipo pa nthawi imeneyo dziko anali atathana akugwiritsabe ntchito dzinalo.

Yalta - Russia kapena Ukraine? Ngakhale mu 1783, Crimea mbali ya Russian Ufumu. Izi zinachitika chifukwa cha resettlement Unyinji wa Crimea Akhristu mu Nyanja ya Azov mu 1778 ndipo emigration a Crimea Chitata ku Turkey. Ngakhale Yalta ina yaing'ono m'chipululu nsomba m'mudzimo.

m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi

Bwanamkubwa-General wa Novorossiysk dziko - Werengani Vorontsov - mu 1823 anapereka mazana awiri chakhumi Yalta dziko phunziro kwa kuswana ya mpesa, minda ndi kumanga. Kumene zinapangidwa eni olemera, chifukwa cha khama la serfs awo anamangidwa mu m'nyumba malo apamwamba, zachifumu, nyumba zikuluzikulu, anaika minda yaikulu mafakitale ndi mpesa. Komanso pa nthawi imeneyi panali m'mapaki okongola kuti akadali zimasangalatsa diso la anthu am'deralo ndipo alendo: Gurzuf, Massandra, ndi Alupka, Livadia ndi ena.

Pang'onopang'ono anakula Yalta. Map of m'dera analola Vorontsov kumvetsa kuti mudzi inconspicuous, chifukwa cha zimachititsa chilumbachi wapadera ndi Bay yabwino, akhoza kukhala zofunika kwa mzinda Russian.

kusinthika yaikulu

1838 Chaka The zinali zodzaza ndi mapangidwe chigawo Yalta. Mudzi kamodzi anathawira wabweza udindo mzinda. Chaka chimodzi zimenezi zisanachitike, werengani Vorontsov analamula yomanga miyala msewu, amene chikugwirizana Yalta ndi Simferopol ndi Alushta. Mu 1848, mzinda wapeza njira kugwirizana ndi Sevastopol.

M'chiwonongeko ndi Kusangalala

Pa nkhondo ya 1853-1856. kwambiri bwanji Crimea lonse. Yalta (panthawi imeneyo mapu mzinda kumathandiza kumvetsa chikhalidwe ndi sikelo chiwonongeko) yotero. Patapita nthawi, mzinda anabwezeretsedwa Komanso za iye anayamba kunena monga achisangalalo kwambiri. Dr. Dmitriev ndi Professor Botkin ananena kuti Yalta nyengo salubrious. Ndi chifukwa chake Mfumu Alexander III anapereka lamulo yomanga ndi m'nyumba awiri - Livadia ndi Massandra.

yomanga Private amadziwikanso osati chilili. Chotero, mmodzi wa anthu olemera mu Russia - Prince Yusupov - anamangapo nyumba yachifumu mu Koreiz, werengani Milutin - Simeiz, Naryshkin - mu Mishor.

Mu 1886, mogwirizana ndi malangizo a Alexander III wa, pomanga wamphamvu mwala breakwater linayambika komanso dongosolo kuchimbudzi. zofunika anazindikira ntchito ina nthawi panali Yalta embankment. yomanga m'tawuni dongosolo madzi linamalizidwa mu chaka cha 1898.

Motero, pofika cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ambiri ankadziwa pamene Yalta pa mapu, chifukwa mzindawo unali kale monga ena achisangalalo zodabwitsa. Chidwi mphamvu chifukwa cholephera chakuti mu 1860s, ndi Livadia, umene uli pafupi Yalta, anakhala mfumu ya mpando kum'mwera kwa banja.

mzaka zana makumi awiri

Yalta - Russia kapena Ukraine? Russia. Ndipo pachiyambi Mu zaka zapitazo, anthu ambiri a anthu otchuka lachifumu ankaona kuti ndi ntchito yawo ndi nyumba yachifumu kapena kanyumba pa chakumwera kwa Crimea.

Pofika chaka cha 1914, mumzinda ali masukulu awiri mkulu ndi sukulu ya zamalonda linatsegulidwa, ndi ndodo ziwiri, zinayi analipira, malaibulale ndi nambalayi wa cinemas.

zinthu zinasintha kwambiri mu Yalta pambuyo kusintha otshumeli awiri - February ndi October. Malinga ndi lamulo Lenin ndi malo apamwamba ndi zokhalamo anasamukira ku ntchito kwa anthu. Komanso, mwachangu kumanga pogwiritsa latsopano. Choyamba anatsegula zitseko zake ku chipatala chaching'ono "Dolossy". Izi zinachitika mu 1928.

Apanso, nkhondo ...

Pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, asilikali a ku Germany wotanganidwa Crimea. Mu Yalta, ntchito odana Nazi unayambitsidwa. Okhalamo bungwe mu ghetto Ayuda. Panali Anakaŵeta yaltintsev 4500. Onse anali pambuyo n'kuferatu pafupi Massandra. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1941 mpaka 1944 Yalta chifundo amakhala ndi ndege mdani. mzinda anamasulidwa kwa adani mu April 1944

Yalta - Russia kapena Ukraine? Kuyambira 1954 mpaka 2014 mumzinda anali woyamba zikuchokera m'mayiko Chiyukireniya, koma panopa ndi gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia.

mbiri Recent

Kumayambiriro a zaka za wayamba kukhazikitsanso ambiri Yalta gombe. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kwambiri bwino m'chigawo cha madoko, omwe tsopano akutenga anthu oposa chikwi chaka, ndi Massandra ngakhale amaitcha "Blue Flag". Mu 2003, ntchito yokonzanso pa padoko mzindawo yatha. Kuyambira pamenepo, iye si kugula msewu, komanso malo a chikondwerero misa. Mu 2009 iwo anamanga nyumba yopemphereramo-chikumbutso pa quay chomwecho, yomwe kenako opatulidwira m'dzina la Chatsopano Ofera ndi Confessors Russian. Linamangidwa polemekeza chikumbukiro onse wosalakwa aphedwe panthawi yovuta, pa Civil nkhondo ndi Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chikumbukiro si kutali anagwetsa mu 1932, St. Aleksandra Nevskogo matabwa yopemphereramo anamangidwa pokumbukira anthu amene anaphedwa ndi zigawenga Alexander Wachiwiri.

March 18, 2014 Crimea (Yalta ndi kuphatikizapo) anakhala mbali ya la Russia. Ilo linali pa maziko a referendum dziko unachitikira masiku awiri kale, ndi pangano pakati pa Russian Federation ndi akuluakulu a Republic of Crimea.

Yalta anthu mwadala amanyadira kuwatcha nyumba mzinda owonetsera zakale pansi pa thambo lotseguka. Analengedwera kwa ena anthu otchuka Russian, mudzi kamodzi kakang'ono tsopano achisangalalo otchuka. Alendo ochokera m'mayiko ambiri amasangalala amva magombe m'dera pansi pano ofunda Yalta.