The anode ndi cathode - icho chiri ndi mmene tingadziwire?

Za anode ndi cathode ya magetsi muyenera kudziwa amene zikugwira zamagetsi othandiza. Kodi ndi mmene amatchedwa? N'chifukwa chiyani tikutero? Adzakhala mudziwe zambiri za nkhaniyi ku mawonedwe wailesi osati zofufuzafufuza, komanso zimapangidwira. Mafotokozedwe otchuka kwambiri motere: anode - ndi elekitirodi zabwino, ndi cathode - negative. Tsoka, ichi si zonse ndi woona ndi chosakwanira. Kuti athe chimatanthauza anode ndi cathode, m'pofunika kuti maziko ongolankhula ndipo mukudziwa kuti inde. Tiyeni tione nkhani imeneyi.

anode

Ponena GOST 15596-82, umene ukugwira mankhwala magwero panopa. Tili ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa anaikidwa pa tsamba lachitatu. Malinga GOST, ndi elekitirodi zoipa selo electrochemical ndi ndendende anode. Izi zili chonchi, inde! Ndipo chifukwa chiyani? Mfundo ndi kuti mwa mphamvu ya magetsi amachokera ku dera kunja gwero lokha. Monga mukuonera, si mophweka monga zikuoneka pa koyamba. Angachite bwino kuganizira mofatsa chithunzi zotulutsidwa m'nkhani, ngati zili zikuwoneka n'zovuta - adzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa zimene wolemba akufuna kuti ndikuuzeni.

cathode

Ife kuthetsa zonse kwa GOST chomwecho 15596-82. The elekitirodi zabwino selo electrochemical ndi kuti, pa kumaliseche kumene izo lotulukira mu dera kunja. Monga mukuonera, deta ali IEC 15596-82, kuona zinthu pamalo osiyana. Choncho, mogwirizana ndi ena za nyumba zina muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri.

Nthawi ya mawu

Iwo anayambitsa zambiri Faraday mu January 1834, kuti asasokonezeke ndi kukwaniritsa lolondola kwambiri. Iye anapereka Baibulo wake, ndi kukumbukira chitsanzo cha dzuwa. Kotero, iye ali ndi anode - ndi kuwuka. Dzuwa; limayenda oposa (panopa akulowa). Cathode - akukonzerani. Dzuwa akupita pansi (masiku ano).

machubu CHITSANZO wailesi ndi diode

Tipitirize kumvetsa kuti amatanthauza chiyani ntchito. Tiyerekeze limodzi la mphamvu tili ogula izi mu chikhalidwe lotseguka (mu moyo). Chotero kuchokera dera kunja ndi diode ndi membala anode ndi magetsi panopa. Koma musakhale osokonezeka chifukwa cha zimenezi kuchokera kumbali ya elekitironi lapansi. Kudzera cathode mu dera kunja kwa ntchito magetsi inawadutsa lotulukira amafotokozera. zinthu zimene zachitika lero akutikumbutsa milandu pamene anthu kuyang'ana pa chitsanzo kukalowa. Ngati deta amanena kuti zovuta za - kumbukirani kuti azindikire motere kwenikweni yekha akatswiri. Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tichite kulolerana iwowo. Mwina kudziŵika kuti michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi diodes pafupifupi adzakhala makhalidwe panopa. The Zimatheka kupatulapo pano - n'zosiyana kusokonezeka zinthu. A zingalowe diode (kenotron, wailesi) Nthawi zambiri makhalidwe n'zosiyana panopa. Choncho ankaona (amangosankha) kuti sukupita kupyola mu iwo. Choncho, pozindikira atakwanitsa ndi diode anode ndi cathode osachita ntchito zawo.

Chifukwa pali chisokonezo?

Mwachindunji, kuti lithandizire kuphunzira ndi ntchito zothandiza, anaganiza kuti zinthu dzina la malo diode sadzasintha mosaganizira mtundu wanu kugwirizana, ndi iwo adzakhala "Ufumuyo" akatswiriwa anapeza thupi. Koma izi sizikhudza kuti mabatire. Motero, diodes michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi zidalira pa mtundu wa madutsidwe cha galasi ndi. machubu zingalowe chimene funso wamangidwa kwa elekitirodi kuti limatulutsa ma elekitironi m'malo mwa dongosolo filament. Kumene, apa pali ena mokoma: mwachitsanzo, kudzera mwa zipangizo michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi, monga suppressor ndi zener diode mwina pang'ono n'zosiyana panopa otaya, koma apa pali mfundo momveka bwino singathe kwa nkhani ino.

Ankafufuza ndi accumulator magetsi

Amenewa ndi chitsanzo cha mankhwala gwero la magetsi, zomwe ndi zongowonjezwdwa. Batire ali mmodzi wa modes awiri: mtengo / kumaliseche. M'zochitika zonse izi adzakhala osiyana malangizo a magetsi. Koma dziwani kuti polarity wa maelekitirodi pa nthawi yomweyo sizidzasintha. Ndipo iwo akhoza kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana:

1. Pa cholusa, ndi elekitirodi zabwino akulandira magetsi ndi anode, ndi zoipa zake ndipo zimatulutsa lotchedwa cathode.
2. Popeza kuyenda pa iwo kuchita kukambirana sizimatanthauza.
3. Pa kumaliseche kwa elekitirodi zabwino akumasula ndi magetsi ndi cathode, ndi zoipa amalandira ndipo akutchedwa anode.

Pa Electrochemistry Nena Mawu

Limagwiritsa ntchito tanthauzo yosiyaniranapo. Choncho, anode ndi imatengedwa ngati elekitirodi kumene njira makutidwe ndi okosijeni zimachitika. Ndi kukumbukira sukulu zimapangidwira, mungayankhe zimene zikuchitika pa mbali ina? The elekitirodi limene njira atachira, wotchedwa cathode. Koma palibe kutchula zipangizo zamagetsi. Tiyeni tione kufunika kwa zochita makutidwe ndi okosijeni-kuchepetsa kwa ife:

1. Makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Pali ndondomeko adzabwerenso ndi elekitironi tinthu. Ndale inasanduka ion zabwino, ndi zoipa kwatha.
2. Kuchira. The ndondomeko yodalirika ndi elekitironi tinthu. Zabwino lidzasinthidwa ion ndale, ndiyeno zoipa pa iteration.
3. Njira ziwiri modalirana (mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero cha ma elekitironi kuti anapatsidwa liri adjoint chiwerengero chawo).

Faraday komanso kulozera maina akhala anayambitsa kwa nyengo kuti kutenga nawo mbali zosiyanasiyana mankhwala:

1. Cations. Chotero anaitana ndithu mlandu ayoni kuti ikuyenda mwa njira electrolyte kuti mzati zoipa (cathode).
2. Anions. Chotero anaitana ayoni mavuto ndi akusuntha mu njira electrolyte mu mtengo zabwino (anode).

Kodi zochita mankhwala zimachitika?

Makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kuchepetsa theka zochita anasiyanitsidwa m'malere. The kusintha kwa ma elekitironi pakati pa cathode ndi anode ikuchitika mwachindunji, koma kudzera kunja dera wochititsa, amene amalenga ndi magetsi. Apa zingaoneke interconversion mitundu mankhwala ndi magetsi a mphamvu. Choncho, kupanga kunja dongosolo dera la ochititsa amitundumitundu (zomwe ndi zimene maelekitirodi mu electrolyte), ndipo m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo. Onani, voteji pakati pa anode ndi cathode alipo ngati chenjezo a. Ndipo ngati panalibe mfundo zimawalepheretsa mwachindunji kuti ndondomeko zofunika, mtengo wa mankhwala magwero panopa adzakhala otsika. Ndipo kotero, chifukwa chakuti mtengo n'kofunika kuyenda pa chiwembu cha anasonkhana ndi ntchito ngati katswiri wina.

Kodi izo: 1

Tsopano tiyeni kudziwa ndi zomwe. Kutenga galvanic selo Jacobi Daniel. Pa dzanja limodzi tichipeza wa nthaka elekitirodi, umene kumizidwa mu njira nthaka sulphate. Ndiye pali chitsekerezo porous. Ndipo pa dzanja ena ali elekitirodi mkuwa imene oyenerera mu njira ya sulphate mkuwa. Iwo anakumana ndi mzake, koma mankhwala makhalidwe ndi septum musataye zinasanganikirana.

Gawo 2: Njira

Nthaka makutidwe ndi okosijeni amapezeka ndi ma elekitironi adutsa ndi dera kunja kwa mkuwa. Choncho likukhalira kuti selo electrochemical ali anode, moyipa mlandu, ndi cathode - zabwino. Komanso, ndondomeko izi zichitike pokha pokha pamene ma elekitironi ndi pamene "kupita". mfundo ndi yakuti kuti mwachindunji kwa elekitirodi kwa ena kumathandiza kuti "kulekanitsidwa."

Gawo 3: Electrolysis

Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa ndondomeko ya electrolysis. Yoika ndimeyi ake ndiye chotengera imene pali electrolyte njira kapena kusungunula. elekitirodi wakhala awiri zasiyidwa. N'zokhudza ndi mphamvu DC gwero. The anode Pankhaniyi - ndi elekitirodi chokhudzana ndi mzati positive. Apa oxidized. A elekitirodi zoipa mlandu - ndi cathode ndi. Apa, kuchepetsa anachita chikuchitika.

Gawo 4: Pomaliza

Choncho, pamene zikugwira ntchito mfundo izi ayenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti anode si 100% milandu ntchito osonyeza elekitirodi negative. Komanso cathode mwina intermittently kutaya akuwayang'anira positive. Izi zidalira pa wotani ndondomeko kukuchitika elekitirodi ndi: a kuchepetsa kapena oxidizing.

Pomaliza

Ndizo zonse izi - osati yovuta kwambiri, koma sitinganene kuti yosavuta. Takambirana selo galvanic, ndi anode ndi cathode mawu a chiwembu, ndipo tsopano mavuto ndi kugwirizana kwa magetsi opareshoni nthawi muyenera kukhala. Ndipo potsiriza, muyenera kusiya pang'ono zofunika kwa inu mudziwe. Nthawizonse mu malingaliro kusiyana, amene ali ndi kuthekera kwa cathode / kuthekera kwa anode lapansi. chakuti chifuniro woyamba nthawizonse pang'ono chachikulu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti dzuwa alibe ntchito ndi chithunzi cha 100% ndipo chigawo cha mlandu ndi ankakhala moyo wotayirira. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi mutha kuona kuti mabatire ndi malire pa chiwerengero cha nthawi ya nawuza ndi lililonse.