Wotchuka Nyanja Baikal (mwachidule)

Achinyamata kulemba ntchito mabuku "kuposa wotchuka Nyanja Baikal?" 4 a sekondale sukulu anachoka mu anthufe sitikumbukira zinthu zambirimbiri. Izi ndi nyanja kuya ku dziko - ndikuti anthu pa makumi anai. Koma izi si chizindikiro chabe, amene amasonyeza nyanja ya Baikal gulu akatswiri. Chabwino, tiyeni kusintha mfundo zathu pa ngale ili la Russia. N'zosadabwitsa nyanja lotchedwa Sea Wopatulika! Amaona kuti chilengedwe wapadera chikhalidwe mayi, kunyada ndi chuma dziko la Russia.

Baikal ndi chinthu chachibadwa anaphatikizidwa mu 1996 ndi UNESCO pa chigawo cha makumi awiri cha Heritage World Anthu mndandanda (pa chiwerengero 754). ndi wapadera nyanja chiyani? Izi m'nkhani yathu.

Kodi lili ndi wotchuka Nyanja Baikal (mwachidule)

Izi kukopa zachilengedwe ndi pafupifupi wapadera pakati pa Asia. Pa mapu a dziko lathu nyanja ili kum'mawa Siberia, mu gawo ambiri kum'mwera kwa izo. Administratively, ndipamene malire pakati pa Republic of Buryatia ndi dera Irkutsk la Chitaganya cha Russia. Baikal ndi yaikulu kwambiri moti kumaoneka ngakhale kuchokera mlenga lenga. Blue kachigawo izo umachokera ku chakumadzulo kumpoto chakumadzulo. Choncho, anthu wamba kawirikawiri sakutchedwa Baikal nyanja ndi nyanja. "Baigal wotchedwa Dalai" - naye mwaulemu anamuyitana iye Buryats. Ndondomeko ya nyanjayi 53 ° 13 'kumpoto kumpoto ndi 107 ° 45' kum'mawa longitude.

Wotchuka Nyanja Baikal? Tiyeni tione magawo osiyanasiyana.

kuya

Kuyamba ndi choonadi. Baikal si m'nyanja zakuya pa dziko, komanso yochititsa chidwi chokhala ndi maganizo. mutu Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi a sayansi imachitika mu 1983. Mfundo akuya mu nyanja - 1642 meters pamwamba madzi - ali ndondomeko 53 ° 14'59 "ufuluwo kumpoto ndi 108 ° 05'11" longitude kum'mawa. Choncho, m'munsi mfundo ya Baikal lagona pa mamita 1187 pansi pa nyanja. A pamwamba madzi a nyanza ali pamalo okwera mamita 455 pamwamba m'nyanja.

Wapakati akuya nyanja ndi chidwi: mamita mazana asanu makumi anayi. nyanja awiri okha mu dziko, anali ndi mlingo wa kilometre pakati pa madzi ndi pansi pa galasi. Izi ndi ya Caspian (1025 m) ndi Nyanja Tanganyika (1470 m). The kwambiri ndi kwambiri kwambiri - ndicho chimene wotchuka Baikal. Mu English pa Google chiwerengero cha akatswiri patatu zikuchoka East. nyanja izi zimapezeka mu Antarctica. Iwo ali akuya mamita oposa 1200 ndi pamwamba madzi limatuluka makilomita anayi ayezi. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti mtunda pakati pa nthaka ndi pansi pa East mamita oposa zikwi zisanu. Koma thupi la madzi si nyanja m'lingaliro mwachizolowezi mawu. M'malo mwake, ndi mobisa (ayezi) thanki madzi.

miyeso

M'dera la posungira uyu wa makilomita lalikulu 31.722. Ndiko kuti, kukula kwa nyanja angafanane ndithu m'mayiko ena European monga Switzerland, Belgium kapena The Netherlands. Nyanja kutalika makilomita mazana asanu ndi makumi awiri, ndipo m'lifupi zimasiyanasiyana pakati 24-79 Km. Pankhaniyi, m'mphepete mwa nyanja akutambasula makilomita zikwi ziwiri zana. Ndipo yemwe sali kuwerenga zilumba!

Makulidwe - izi ndi zimene wotchuka Nyanja Baikal, ndipo ngakhale si chifukwa chopangitsa kwambiri, lalikulu pa dziko. Koma dziwe amanyadira malo chitatu mwa zimphona. Patsogolo ndi Nyanja ya Caspian (amenenso nyanja, ngakhale mchere), pamwamba mu America, Victoria, Huron, Michigan, Aral "nyanja" ndi Tanganyika.

zaka wolemekezeka

Baikal - nyanja ya chiyambi tectonic. Ikufotokoza kuya ake mbiri. Koma pamene panali vuto tectonic? Funso akadali pakati pa asayansi imatengedwa lotseguka. Pachikhalidwe, m'badwo anatsimikiza mwa nyanja mu zaka miliyoni 20-25. chithunzi Zikuoneka wosangalatsa. Pambuyo nyanja "moyo" mu avareji pafupifupi khumi, zaka zosachepera khumi ndi zikwi. Ndiye alluvial madipoziti, m'dambo silty kudziunjikira ndi kusintha lonse topezeka. Nyanja kwasanduka dambo, ndipo icho chiri, ndipo patapita zaka, mu dambo la. Siberians koma zabwino kwa moyo wautali ake. Ndipo wotchuka Nyanja Baikal, choncho ndi wokalamba.

Izo ziyenera kuti chimphona Siberia ndi wapadera kwa magawo ena - Hydrological. Baikal wakudya mazana atatu mitsinje, ndipo umayenda mwa izo ndi imodzi yokha - ndi Angara. Ndipo wina wapadera: zivomerezi ntchito zolakwa tectonic. Nthawi pansi pa nyanja pali zivomezi. Ndipotu, zimatulutsa awo kudziwa za chaka zikwi ziwiri. Koma zivomezi zina, ndipo chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1959 chiyambi pansi nyanja wakhala waponya khumi mamita.

Kwambiri losaiwalika m'deralo Kudarinskoe chivomezi mu 1862, pamene madzi moti chipika malo aakulu (200 sq. Km) ndi midzi isanu, kumene kuli anthu mazana khumi ndi zitatu. Malowa ali mu ankadziwana wa ku Selenga Mtsinje tsopano lotchedwa Gulf kulephera.

Apadera atsopano thanki madzi

Ngakhale kuti ngale ya Siberia yekha chitatu m'dziko kukula, mwa mawu a buku la madzi zipita akatswiri. Wotchuka Nyanja Baikal pankhaniyi? Ambiri mwa madzi ndi mwa Nyanja ya Caspian. Koma uko ndi mchere. Choncho, Baikal angatchedwe mtsogoleri yamphamvu. Lili 23 615.39 makilomita kiyubiki madzi. Ndi pafupi twente peresenti ya katundu okwana nyanja zonse za padziko lapansi. Kuonetsera kufunika kwa chithunzi ichi, zikanatheka kuti tinatha kuphimba onse mazana atatu a mitsinje m'nyanja. Koma ngakhale ndiye, Angara panadutsa zaka mazana atatu makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri kukhetsa nyanja.

The zomera wapadera ndi zomera

Strangeness ndi chakuti, ngakhale kuya kwambiri nyanja ya Baikal, ku nyanja pali pafupi-pansi zomera. Ichi ndi chifukwa ntchito zivomerezi pansi pa maganizo tectonic. Chiphalaphala likamatenthetsa zigawo pansi ndi kuwalemeretsa ndi oxygen. madzi osangalatsa amenewa kukacha ndi kuzizira - zasiyidwa. Theka la mitundu 2,600 ya nyama ndi zomera zokhala m'madzi, - kuderako. Ambiri amadabwa akatswiri Baikal chisindikizo. Yekha nyama nyanja amakhala makilomita 4000 ku anzawo m'madzi, ndi bwino ndinazolowera madzi oyera.

N'zovuta kunena omwe nsomba wotchuka Nyanja Baikal kwambiri. Mwina golomlyanka. Iye - viviparous. thupi lake lili mpaka 30 peresenti mafuta. Ndipo iye kudabwa asayansi migrations wawo. Shoals nsomba aukitsidwa kwa chakudya mu kuya mdima wa madzi osaya. Akukhalabe mu nyanja Baikal Nsombazi, omul, whitefish, Grayling. pansi A ali ndi thonje madzi oyera.

Woyera ndi bwino madzi

Woterowo pamwamba madzi, ndi kukhalapo amakampani pafupi mafakitale zingakhale zoona kuti Nyanja ya Baikal zauve. Osati pang'ono za izo! The madzi apa si kuti kumwa ndi pafupi ndi otchezedwa. Zimakhala popanda kuopa kumwa. A amathandiza Nyanja samoochistitsya crustacean epishura. Khalidwe limeneli ndi kuderako mu theka millimeter Achiritsa masoka fyuluta ntchito: chitadutsa madzi mwa wokha, chosinkhasinkha dothi lonse. Chifukwa, ndi timiyala pansi Tingaone pa Mwachidule. Madzi zikumveka kuti meters makumi - ndicho chimene wotchuka Baikal. Photos of thupi wapadera madzi limasonyeza otchuka chilengedwe chokongola pristine. Izo zimatengera ife kaya adzapulumutsa izo kwa mibadwo.