Wosanjikiza pakati tichipeza mitsempha transversely striated minofu, mitsempha katundu

Popeza kutsegula mu XVII m'ma English dokotala anapeza William Harvey ya malamulo a kayendedwe ka magazi kudzera ziwiya mwa sayansi, anapezeka kuti thupi lili ndi dongosolo zovuta za zinthu conductive. Ndi mitsempha, capillaries ndi mitsempha ya munthu. Ali limodzi structural dongosolo, monga pa embryogenesis anapangidwa kuchokera wina nyongolosi wosanjikiza - mesoderm. Chifukwa kusiyana ntchito kuchitidwa ndi mtundu winawake wa ziwiya, iwo kunachitika kukonza. M'nkhaniyi tiona pa katundu yeniyeni Mitsempha nawo makope ang'ono ndi lalikulu.

Monga anamanga wolumikizira wall

Kusintha, cholimba ndi zotanuka machubu kuti apite kwa mtima - ndi mtsempha wamagazi anthu. Malinga ndi iye magazi umayenda ziwalo zonse ndipo zimakhala, kubweretsa maselo ndi mpweya ndi chakudya: shuga, amino zidulo, glycerol ndi zidulo mafuta. Imodzi pamafunika mankhwala a kagayidwe ma, ndi mpweya. Ziwiya zonse za chimachititsanso wolumikizira magazi kupanikizidwa ndi pa liwiro mokwanira mkulu. Kusunga umphumphu wa makoma mtsempha wamagazi ayenera kukhala amphamvu kwambiri. Ali ndi atatu wosanjikiza dongosolo, amene tiona mwatsatanetsatane.

kapangidwe mkati

Atatu chipolopolo chombocho: lakunja, pakati komanso mkati, kusiyana ndi kuti anafotokoza ntchito anachita ndi iwo. Choncho, wosanjikiza akunja wapangidwa ndi lotayirira connective minofu, molekezera mitsempha atagonjetsa. Chisangalalo, akudutsa pa iwo, amachititsa kusintha lumen wa mtsempha wamagazi, amene amakhudza index wa magazi mkati chotengeracho. Wosanjikiza pakati tichipeza mitsempha striated ulusi ndi mulinso yosalala minofu minofu. Komanso iwo alipo mu mitsempha connective m'magawo okhala mapuloteni elastin. Chifukwa chidule ndi zosangalatsa za wosanjikiza minofu Mitsempha lumen kusintha. Iwo malamulo ndi ulusi mitsempha ya mantha dongosolo autonomic. Choncho, malemeredwe mu gulu wachifundo amachititsa kuchepetsa wa mitsempha, ndi parasympathetic - yowonjezera awiri awo. Mumtima wosanjikiza nsupa kwenikweni imakhala wapadera connective minofu - endothelium, ali yosalala pamwamba kwambiri ndipo amapereka zinthu abwino otaya magazi thereto. Monga mmene taonera, onse zigawo za wolumikizira khoma bwino ntchito magazi kutengerapo ntchito kupanikizidwa ndi pa liwilo.

Taganizirani zofunika kwambiri ziwiya wolumikizira mu thupi la munthu. Zikuphatikizapo msempha, m'mapapo mwanga ndi ziwiya inatsekeratu.

msempha

Monga mtsempha wamagazi yaikulu ya thupi, msempha ukuonekera ventricle kumanzere ndi lagawidwa nthambi atatu: akwera, Chipilala natsikira nthambi. Iwo amapereka magazi a ziwalo zonse za mkati ndi zimakhala. Kuthamanga m'menemo chawonetsedwa 120-150 mamilimita Hg. Art. Kupirira zonse kunyanyala kwa zigawo za magazi ejected ku mtima, pakati wosanjikiza wa mtsempha wamagazi imakhala yamphamvu minofu minofu damping kugwedera kapena abwino magazi aziyenda. contractions rhythmic kung'ambika khoma angazindikire kunja akufufuza mpata zimachitika pa mtsempha wamagazi zozungulira wa dzanja kumanzere. Kupatulira a minofu wosanjikiza, izo imfa ya elasticity patsogolo kwa chitukuko cha aneurysm kung'ambika - matenda oopsa amene akuimira choopsa pa moyo mu magawo oyambirira alibe zizindikiro momveka. Izi complicates matenda oyambirira ndi matenda kuonedwa ntchito njira monga mitsempha ultrasound.

amayendera m'mapapo

Bright wofiira mtundu, ladzala ndi mpweya ndi chakudya, chimachititsanso wolumikizira magazi kuchokera mu mtima mwa msempha. Apa akuyamba kufalitsa zokhudza zonse. Komanso, chifukwa kulekana kwa msempha patatu nthambi magazi utuluke kuti ziwalo zonse zokhudza thupi kachitidwe. Palinso yaing'ono, otchedwa m'mapapo mwanga, bwalo, kuyambira ventricle bwino. Kuchokera pamenepa, pakubwera mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapo mwanga, limene likutengera thovu alveolar m'mapapo venous magazi amene asonkhanitsa chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi dzenje mtsempha wa kufalitsa zokhudza zonse. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbali lamanja la mtima ndi magazi venous, gawo limene linatuluka mu mtsempha wamagazi ndi m'mapapo mwanga. Anzanu mu izo si mkulu, ngakhale poyerekeza mu msempha.

Wosanjikiza pakati tichipeza myofibrils mtsempha wamagazi yosalala minofu minofu, alternating ndi zotanuka mapuloteni CHIKWANGWANI. Pa nthambi lamanzere ndi lamanja la m'mapapo mwanga magazi venous m'mapapo kumene mpweya kuwombola zimachitika: mpweya woipa adzamasulidwa ku M'mimbamo wa alveoli ndi mu mwazi diffuses okosijeni amene ogwirizana ndi pigment kupuma - hemoglobin.

Monga mukuonera, womwe ndi mtsinje m'mapapo mwanga, zimakhudzidwa kufalitsa m'mapapo mwanga, amanyamula magazi venous m'mapapo.

ziwiya inatsekeratu

Mtima - mmodzi wa ambiri wamphamvu matupi amphamvu ntchito rhythmically. Imakhala mwazi wa thupi lonse, komanso kufunika kwa mosadodometsedwa chiphaso cha zinthu trophic ndi oxygen. Kuchita ntchito yake yofunika ya thupi lili mtima wake chitetezo.

Pamafunikanso nthambi mtsempha wamagazi wochokera gawo koyamba kwa msempha otchedwa babu. Pakamwa pa zotengera inatsekeratu zili kumbuyo valavu kung'ambika, amene salola magazi kumbuyo mu ventricle kumanzere kwa mtima. Kudzera ziwiya inatsekeratu patsiku akupita ku malita 500 magazi, amasonyeza katundu wolemera, amene umamvera dongosolo la kotunga magazi mtima. Pakati wosanjikiza tichipeza mitsempha akulu ndi zotanuka ulusi motero chitukuko cha atherosclerosis kapena pafupipafupi mwadzidzidzi kuphipha angasiye elasticity. Mmene lumen yafupika, amene amakwiya gawo la mtima minofu necrosis - m'mnyewa wamtima infarction.

magazi

Poyamba, ife tinapeza kuti mu mitsempha ya magazi kusunthira kupanikizidwa ndi pa liwilo. magazi likugwirizana magawo mtima: systole ndi diastole, ndi zachilendo mtima kamvekedwe pafupifupi wofanana 120/70 mamilimita Hg. Art. Ndi mpandawo pa kuthamanga n'zotsimikizira wa brachial mtsempha wamagazi. Ngati mpanda wa mitsempha ya Ndikuchepetsa, kamvekedwe chawo chinawonjezeka ndi ukuwonjezeka kuthamanga. Chikhalidwe chotere pathological amatchedwa matenda oopsa. Zimadzetsa kuonongeka kwa katundu wa minofu mtima ndi kupereka magazi ake chisokonezo popanda mankhwalawa zingachititse vuto la mtima.

Mu pepala ili timaphunzira kapangidwe ka mitsempha ndi mbali maziko a chamoyo awo mu thupi la munthu.