Sfipenhauer Arthur adawonekera kwa anthu onse, yemwe ndi wotsutsa nzeru, wosatsutsika yemwe amakana mfundo zambiri ndi malingaliro ake. Koma nchiyani chinamupangitsa iye chomwecho? Anakankhidwira molondola kudzikoli? Nthawi zonse ankakhulupirira kuti ndilo maziko a moyo, mphamvu yomwe imatipatsa moyo ndikulamulira maganizo. Popanda chifuniro, sipadzakhalanso kuzindikira ndi nzeru, chitukuko cha munthu momwe aliri tsopano. Ndiye nchiyani chomwe chinamupangitsa iye kuganiza uku?
Zaka zaunyamata
Wophunzira nzeru za m'tsogolo Arthur Schopenhauer, yemwe tsiku lake lobadwa ndilo pa February 28, 1788, anabadwira m'banja la munthu wamalonda ndi wolemba. Kuyambira ali wamng'ono bambo ake anayesa kuphunzitsa mnyamata kuti azikonda ntchito yake, koma sanathe kuchita izi. Maphunziro Arthur analandira mosapita m'mbali: miyezi ingapo ku Le Havre, yemwe ali naye pa bizinesi ya abambo ake ali ndi zaka 9, kenaka amaphunzitsa ku Runge, ku sukulu yapamwamba - ali ndi zaka 11, ndipo ali ndi zaka 15 mnyamatayo amapita kukaphunzira ku UK. Koma kuyenda pa izi sikunatha, ndipo mufupikitsa iye anapita ku mayiko angapo a ku Ulaya kwa zaka ziwiri.
Banja
Kugwirizana kwa makolo a Schopenhauer kunali kovuta. Pamapeto pake, abambo ake anasiya banja lawo, ndipo kenako anadzipha. Mayi anali munthu wansangala komanso wokondwa kwambiri moti Arthur sakhala woleza mtima kukhala naye limodzi, ndipo mu 1814 amachoka, koma akupitirizabe kukhala paubwenzi. Izi zimamuthandiza wafilosofi wamng'ono kuti azidziwana bwino ndi anthu omwe amakhala nawo nthawi imeneyo.
Moyo wachikulire
Pokhala ndi ndalama zambiri mu akaunti ya banki komanso kukhala ndi chidwi, Schopenhauer Arthur amapita ku Goettingen University kukaphunzira mankhwala. Koma patadutsa zaka ziwiri iye anasamukira ku yunivesite ya Berlin ndipo anasintha chiphunzitsocho ku filosofi. Sitinganene kuti anali wophunzira mwakhama. Maphunziro sanayambe kumukopa, ndipo maulendowa sanafuneke, koma mafunso omwe anali okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi afilosofi wamtsogolo, anaphunzira mu ndege zonse, kuyesera kufika pamtima wa vutoli. Izi, mwachitsanzo, zinali lingaliro la ufulu wa chifuniro cha Schelling kapena chiphunzitso cha makhalidwe apamwamba a Locke. Kusamalidwa kwakukulu kunaperekedwa ku zokambirana za Plato ndi zomangamanga za Kant. Mu 1813, Schopenhauer Arthur adatetezera chidziwitso chake pa chilamulo chokwanira. Ndipo pambuyo pake, ayamba kugwira ntchito yake yaikulu.
Mafilosofi amagwira ntchito
M'pofunika kuganizira momwe wophunzira wafilosofi anali Arthur Schopenhauer. Zofufuza zodziwika zinawululidwa kwa ofufuza omwe adafufuza zolemba zake. Pomwepo, kusakhutitsidwa kwa akatswiri, ludzu la kutchuka ndi ofooka linapangitsa wolembayo kukhala wamantha, chifukwa chake kuchokera pa cholembera chake kunawoneka kuti akunyoza ndipo nthawi zambiri amachitira nkhanza anthu otsutsana nawo.
Mu 1818 buku loyamba la "World as Will and Representation" linasindikizidwa, komabe silinadziŵike konse kwa anthu onse kapena kwa asayansi. Wofalitsayo anavutika ndi kutaya, ndipo filosofiyo anadzikuza kwambiri. Pofuna kudzisintha yekha, katswiri wafilosofi wa ku Germany, dzina lake Arthur Schopenhauer, anasankha kupereka nkhani ku yunivesite ya Berlin. Koma popeza Hegel anaphunzitsa pomwepo, ophunzira adanyalanyaza pulofesa wothandizirayo ndi maganizo ake ovuta pa moyo. Osati kuti azinyozedwa kapena kuwachitira chifundo, wolembayo akuchoka ku Italy, kuchoka ku yunivesite. Koma chaka chotsatira iye abwereranso kukayesanso mwayi wake pa njira ya aphunzitsi ake. Ngakhale imfa ya mdani mu 1831 sanapange maphunzirowo kukhala otchuka kwambiri, ndipo mnyamatayu akusiya kuphunzitsa kwamuyaya.
Kusuntha. Moyo kuchokera ku slate yoyera
Kuchokera ku Berlin chifukwa cha mliri wa kolera ndi kusamukira ku Frankfurt am Main, "anabadwira" watsopano watsopano - Arthur Schopenhauer. Philosophy mwachidule ndi kawirikawiri, komabe anawalira mu moyo wake. Choncho, analandira mphoto kuchokera ku Norwegian Scientific Royal Society. Zolemba za izo sizinali zotchuka, ndipo kukonzanso kachiwiri kwa bukhu, lomwe tsopano lagawidwa mu magawo awiri, linakhalanso lolephera. Kusayanjanitsika, kukhumudwa ndi kukhumudwa kunakula kwambiri ku Schopenhauer. Anayamba kudana ndi akatswiri onse ofufuza nzeru zapamwamba payekha komanso makamaka payekha, makamaka Hegel, yemwe adakhudza maganizo ake ndi Ulaya.
Revolution
"Ndipo mawa panali nkhondo ...". Ayi, ndithudi, panalibe nkhondo, koma pambuyo pa kusintha kwa 1848-1849 maonekedwe a anthu padziko lonse, mavuto awo, zolinga zawo ndi malingaliro awo anasintha kwambiri. Iwo adayamba kukhala oganiza bwino komanso osaganizira za zochitikazo. Izi zinapangitsa kuti ziwoneke mwayi, zomwe sizinaphule mwayi wa Arthur Schopenhauer. Philosophy inali yokhoza kufanana ndi mauthenga ndi uphungu, zomwe zinakondweretsa anthu okhala nawo. Bukhu la bukhu ili linabweretsa mbiri yafilosofi ndi ulemerero, zomwe iye analota.
Ulemerero Wotsalira
Tsopano Schopenhauer Arthur akanakhoza kukhutira ndi tsoka lake. Nyumba yake inali yodzaza, maulendo onse adapangidwa m'malo ake okhalamo. Maunivesite omwe ankalankhula za filosofi yake, palinso ophunzira. Mu 1854, Wagner amamutumizira tetralogy wotchuka "Ring of the Nibelungen" ndi autograph, chizindikiro cha chidwi cha ojambula omwe amawunika kwambiri.
Patatha zaka zisanu, buku latsopano la "World as Will and Ethics" lidasindikizidwa, ndipo patatha chaka, nkhani zake, zolemba ndi malemba ena amalembedwanso. Koma wolembayo sanawawonenso iwo. Chibayo chinamugwira mwadzidzidzi, ndipo pa September 21, 1860 Arthur Schopenhauer anamwalira. Mbiri yachidule, yomwe inafalitsidwa pambuyo pake, inatha kufotokoza mfundo zake zowona m'mawu a wofilosofi wam'mbuyo akuti: "Kulowa kwa dzuwa m'moyo wanga kunayamba ulemerero wanga."
Filosofi yopanda nzeru inakhala yotchuka m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Panali nthawi yomwe chifunirocho chinakhala chopindulitsa kwa anthu omwe anapulumuka pamoto wa Revolution. Malingana ndi zotsatirazi, kuzunzika kuli bwino, ndipo kukhutira ndi zoipa. Wofoserafi anafotokoza izi momveka bwino: kusakhutira kokha kumatithandiza kuti tizimva zofuna zathu ndi zikhumbo zathu molimbika kwambiri. Pamene zosowa zakhutira, kuzunzika sikungatheke kwa kanthawi, koma simungakhoze kuchotsa kwamuyaya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti moyo ndi mndandanda wa kuzunzika kuyambira kubadwa mpaka imfa. Ndipo potsiriza pa izi zonse, lingaliro lafilosofi la Schopenhauer likuti mu dziko lofanana ndi ili, ndibwino kuti asawoneke nkomwe. Zakhudza kwambiri maganizo ndi zochitika za mbiri yakale monga Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Albert Einstein ndi Leo Tolstoy. Aliyense wa anthuwa mwa njira imodzi amathandizira chitukuko cha anthu, anasintha malingaliro a anthu a m'nthawi yake kuti moyo uyenera kukhala wotani. Ndipo izi sizikanatheka, ngati sanakanidwe ndi kuiwalika ali mnyamata, Arthur Schopenhauer.