Vestibular cochlear mitsempha: kufotokoza, kapangidwe ndi thunthu

Anatomists olekanitsidwa awiriawiri khumi ndi awiri a misempha kuti ndi ntchito yeniyeni ndi ili mkati mutu ndi khosi. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi vestibulocochlear mitsempha. Ndiyenso amabweretsa tilinazo lapadera: kumva komanso amachita bwino. Kulakwila thunthu lake kapena ntchito kungachititse kuti ufulu kwambiri olumala.

kapangidwe

Kodi mitsempha vestibulocochlear? Thunthu ndi zovuta kwambiri, monga maziko a dzina, tichipeza awiri muzu osiyana, zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. The choyamba - ndi vestibular, ndi udindo bwino ndipo amapereka m'ngalande semicircular wa khutu lamkati. Chachiwiri - kumva, amachititsa zikhumbo ku kukhotakhota wa cochlea kwa msana wake.

Mitsempha amatenga amachokera ku pamwamba pansi hemispheres, n'kusiya nkhani imvi wa azitona mtima mu medulla oblongata ndi yothetsa pansipa mitsempha nkhope. Makutu nthambi akuyamba ku mfundo ya cochlea, ndi njira zake zotumphukira kutha mu thupi mwauzimu ndi lotulukira chapakati kudzera pamwamba pa piramidi Makutu mafupa a mu ubongo ndi umalandira mtima cochlear.

Chachiwiri, vestibular, ndi nthambi akuyamba ndi nodule, amene ankakhala mu khutu lamkati. The dendrites wa manyuroni awa kupita m'ngalande semicircular, ozungulira ndi matumba elliptical. axon A mbali ya muzu vestibular chitumidwa kwa dzenje diamondi woboola pakati ndipo itha uko, mu mtima vestibular.

kupereka kumva

Izo zikumveka munthu kuzindikira dongosolo m'malo zovuta. Pali lakunja, pakati ndi makutu mumtima, koma vestibulocochlear mitsempha innervates yekha mkati. Choyamba, mafunde phokoso zazindikirika ndi likalowa m'makutu a. oscillations ake anasamutsidwa ku nyundo, Chipala ndi stirrup, amene inakula. Ndi mafunde amakhudza stapes chowulungika zenera, Chilwa madzulo a wachinyamata. Phokoso chifukwa kusamutsidwa kwa perilymph ndi endolymph mkati wachinyamata. Oscillate pamodzi ndi mbali madzi ndi sekondale ya likalowa m'makutu, ndi basilar kapena mbale. Pa ali zvukovosprinimayuschego tsitsi, kupoletsa zikhumbo mitsempha. Imafalikira kuti unit helical ili khutu lamkati. Njira ya maselo mitsempha amapanga mfundo ili mwa dzenje ngalande khutu ndipo, kulumikiza ndi mitsempha vestibular, kupita ku mlatho, momwe thunthu ndi mapeto mtima cochlear mu fossa rhomboid.

cochlear okhudza mitsempha axons intersect ndi kupanga lateral kuzungulira. ulusi kenako analekanitsa. A mbali yaing'ono chikutha m'munsi hillocks quadrigemina mbale (midbrain). zina amapita kwa medial matupi geniculate mu diencephalon kapena medial thalamic phata.

bwino ntchito

Pakuti muyezo wa thupi danga panthawi kuyenda ndi pa zina ndi udindo vestibulocochlear mitsempha nayenso. Galimoto innervation ake ku sazidziwa bwinobwino zikhoza aback monga kuonetsetsa kuti nchito imeneyi imafuna ntchito synchronous ziwalo zambiri ya ubongo.

Ntchito yaikulu ya zida za vestibular kuti nthawi iliyonse kudziwa udindo wa mutu danga ndi kusintha malo thupi ndi minofu kamvekedwe. Chiwalo udindo moyenera, ndi pafupi ndi kukhotakhota khutu pakati ndipo umaimira atatu intersecting njira chowulungika, elliptical ndipo mapeto ozungulira sacs. Mkati nyumba awa anaika tsitsi kuti ali tcheru kusintha malo mutu, okhota ndi liniya mathamangitsidwe, ndi kusintha yokoka.

Kuyambira tsitsi imalandira njira zotumphukira wa manyuroni zimatumizidwa ku malo vestibular, yomwe ili pansi pa fupa mwakanthawi. Kuyamba ubongo mankhwala, mitsempha imatsogoleredwa ndi rhombus dzenje kwa mtima vestibular. Kuyambira njira mlatho wa manyuroni amasiyana chingwe msana (kwa mtima wa zapambuyo nyanga), cerebellum (kotekisi mphutsi), thalamus (vestibular phata) ndi reticular mapangidwe (phata la misempha cranial). nyumba izi kupereka thupi Poyankha anzake kukondoweza kwa cholandilira vestibular. mudziwe wonse umachokera kwa nyumba ya subcortical m'dera la pakati komanso otsika gyrus wosakhalitsa, komwe likulu la ntchito galimoto, likulu la wonse tilinazo ndi thupi pakati chithunzithunzi.

kumva kafukufuku

Kodi muyenera kuchita kuona ngati ntchito zawo amachita bwino vestibulocochlear mitsempha? nthambi zake ziwiri ziyesedwa payokha. Kumva Research imachitika ENT madokotala, Madokotala aubongo, azamisala, ndipo momwemonso chomwecho mayesero onse apadera otukuka.

Izo zonse akuyamba ndi kumva mayeso ophweka. Mwachibadwa, munthu ayenera pa mtunda wa mamita asanu kumva analankhula naye m'khutu kulankhula. Kumva imfa kapena kusowa zingayambitse osati imfa ya khutu akunja kapena pakati, komanso mkati. Choncho n'kofunika kumvetsa zimayambitsa matenda.

1. Schwabach mayeso zachokera kuyeza kutalika kwa fupa conduction. Camerton monga ndipo anaikidwa pa fupa mastoid kumbuyo khutu. Ngati wodwala safuna kumva kulira, ndiye vuto - khutu mumtima, koma ngati phokoso likumveka yaitali kuposa zofunika, ndi kudwala ndi mu gawo pakati chowunikira lapansi.
2. Rinne mayeso detects kusiyana pakati pa mlengalenga ndi fupa conduction. Zina ikukonzekera foloko anaika pa fupa mastoid, ndi mtima linafunsidwa kuwanena sadzakhalanso kumva phokoso. Chida ndi kunditumiza ku pinna. Ngati kumene wodwalayo wathanzi, phokoso adakali anamva.
3. Weber mayeso. Kumene adamulowetsa ikukonzekera foloko anaika pa korona m'dera la munthu, ndipo adokotala afunsa, mbali iti Phokoso likumveka bwino. Ngati wodwala limasonyeza mbali mtima, uyu amayankhula mu mtima cha kuwonongeka pakati khutu, ndipo ngati wathanzi, vuto - khutu lamkati.

Lowunikira la mgwirizano

Vestibulocochlear mitsempha ndi udindo moyenera, kotero Madokotala aubongo mu anayendera Integrated zambiri amachita mayesero osiyanasiyana onani kukana wodwalayo:

1. Romberg a mayeso - mmodzi wa options ambiri. Wodwala amafunsidwa kuti aimirire chimodzimodzi kuti mapazi ali pa mzere womwewo, ndipo chidendene cha phazi limodzi anapumula motsutsana ndi chala chachiwiri. Manja tiyenera kukhudzidwa padera kapena molunjika patsogolo. adokotala anafunsa kuti zinthu zingapo patsogolo choyamba ndi maso ndipo kenako anatseka. Unsteadiness wa gait ngati wachiwiri amatanthauza kuwonongeka mkati khutu.
2. Mayeso Mittelnaera. Wodwala amayenda pansi ndi watseka maso ake. Ngati pali kulephereka kwa zida za vestibular, ndiye pang'onopang'ono adzasintha mbali ya moto.

Akunde cochlear nthambi

Kugonjetsedwa vestibulocochlear mitsempha pa malo udindo processing nyemba Makutu ali enieni mawonetseredwe matenda. Pali yachiwiriyo control:

- phokoso conduction kuphwanya, kapena conductive kumva imfa (pakati matenda khutu);
- sensorineural kumva imfa mu zotupa za khutu lamkati.

Pankhani zakale amachititsa zinthu zingakhale yotupa, kapena neoplastic minofu ofoola ziwalo matenda. Chachiwiri matenda chimake komanso zingachititse zochitika yotupa, neuroma, ndi zinthu malo mafuta mu mtima malo chitatu mitsempha cranial.

Kukomoka izo akuwonekera madandaulo za phokoso m'khutu, mutu, ambiri kuchepa kumva. Ngati ndondomeko pathological mu ubongo thicker, kungakhale ananena imfa ntchito ndi misempha pafupi, monga vestibular, nkhope ndi trigeminal. Chotero commonality zizindikiro amatchedwa "alternating hemiplegia."

Kugonjetsedwa kwa vestibular ndi

Kudwala vestibulocochlear mitsempha kwa vestibular nthambi gawo choyamba kuonekera chizungulire, kunyansidwa (kusanza) ndi nystagmus. mitsempha Chifukwa china udindo vuto la eyeballs pamene malo mutu, pamene kugonjetsedwa kwake kungakhale kusintha diso kayendedwe. Ndicho osaya yopingasa kapena ofukula jerks.

Komanso, wodwalayo ndi gait wosakhazikika, ndipo akufuna straddle (monga ngalawa pa pitching a) kukhalabe munthu, ndipo nthawi kuwunika mapazi awo. Choncho, anthu ndi dokotala angatanthauze matenda pa nthawi pamene iwo anabwera mu ofesi yake.

Neuroma vestibulocochlear mitsempha

Innervation vestibulocochlear mitsempha zikusonyeza kuti chimakwirira CHIKWANGWANI m'chimake maselo Schwann. Mtundu uwu wa kutchinjiriza ndi mitsempha Apa si anasamutsidwa ndi ulusi ena. Koma kuchokera nembanemba selo, mu nthawi zina (zikwi zana) akhoza kukula mtima wabwino chotupa.

Izo kumaonekera pang'onopang'ono, monga ulamuliro, pamene chotupa kale anafika kukula ndithu. Odwala amadandaula kumva imfa mbali imodzi, chizungulire, kupweteka mbali ya nkhope, ndi kukhalapo kwa comorbidity nkhope ndi abducens. Izi owonetseredwa kulankhula impairments, mavuto kudya. Chotupa compresses misempha, zomwe zimabweretsa chipatala oyenera.

Ngati neuroma anabwera kuchokera ku mbali zonse, mtima wa bwino pochitika kufufuza ngati majini pamaso pa neurofibromatosis (a cholowa connective minofu matenda). Chithandizo zambiri opaleshoni.

syndrome Meniere a

Vestibulocochlear mitsempha zikhoza kuonongeka njira zina matenda Meniere a. Pakokha kudwala kugwirizana ndi kupanga mkhutu ndi outflow wa madzimadzi khutu lamkati. oversupply ake amaika kukakamiza tsitsi tcheru, amene kumaonekera disequilibrium.

Owonetseredwa matenda matenda vertigo limodzi ndi tinnitus ndi kumverera kwa chidzalo kumbali akhudzidwa. Komanso, odwala amadandaula mwapang'onopang'ono kumva imfa. Monga matenda ili m'kati, zizindikiro kuvutika, ndipo n'kutheka kuti munthuyo pa kuyima sangathe kudzuka pabedi ndi mutu wanu.

Chithandizo yafupika thandizo cha ululu pa adzaukira ndi kulandira mankhwala mu intervals lucid. Ngati mankhwala ndiwofatsa si kuthandiza kuti ntchito njira kwambiri ndi kuwononga vestibular kukhotakhota kapena mtanda nthambi ya mitsempha vestibulocochlear.