Vardzia, Georgia: history, zokopa ndi zithunzi

Linadutsa Georgia, n'kosatheka kukaona opangidwa chozizwitsa nthawi ya Golden Age - weniweni phanga mzinda, osemedwa matumbo wa ovuta kwabasi.

Kumulowetsa makonde zobisika mu kuya kwa am'nsinga, ndi obisika wakale pamodzi ndi gulu lapadera la frescoes ndi pafupifupi zaka chikwi za mbiri - izo Vardzia. Georgia ndi mpake amanyadira malo ake yaikulu mbiri pachikhalidwe iye angapo zipilala kwambiri a zomangamanga wakale ndi dziko chikhalidwe cha dziko.

Ancient Vardzia - zokongola dontho map Georgia zamakono

Mwachirengedwe Vardzia (Georgia) ili pafupi ndi malire Turkey kum'mwera, pafupi m'mudzi eponymous pafupi Akhalkalaki m'chigawo Samtskhe-Javakheti. Cave ansembe yotchedwa akutambasula m'chigwa kwabasi wa Kura Mtsinje (Mtkvari Chijojiya), ndi mbali atazunguliridwa ndi mapiri wamphamvu wa Caucasus. Mu kukula kwa Javakheti Plateau limatuluka phompho Erusheti (anawamasulira kuchokera phokoso Chijojiya ngati Nyamuliranani Mountain), zinamenyanitsa zingwe phanga mipata ndi manholes twisty wakale obisika.

Chiyambi lodziwika bwino dzina la mzinda

Etymology dzina sonorous Vardzia kufotokoza nthano angapo wakale. chikondi Special a ku Georgia anasangalala nthano imene imanena za Tamara pang'ono, kusewera ndi amalume ake m'mapanga ya agulupa inaimika. Tisaiwale kuti mtsikana, munthuyo anayamba kuyang'ana pozungulira, ndipo nthawi imeneyi wolemekezeka wamng'ono mwadzidzidzi kumbuyo kwake, simukulankhulanso mfuu ya "dera limeneli limatchedwa-var, Dzyan" (Ndine pano, Iyayi). Nthetemya mogwirizana kotero kudakondweretsa mfumu, George, kuti anasankha dzina mwana wake Linga mawu, ulemerero wa mfumukazi m'tsogolo.

Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, amene amakhala n'kudziphatika kwa azambiriyakale, Vardzia dzina amachokera ku Persian "varjam" - monga Aperisiya anaitana anthu wakale wa Georgia.

Mbiri ya yomanga mpanda wakale

Mbiri ya agulupa zovuta anathamanga kukauza mu kuya kwa XII atumwi, ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi Tamara, amene lero kulemekeza Georgia lonse. Cave mzinda Vardzia inamangidwa ngati mpanda odalirika lakonzedwa kuteteza Borjomi Gorge pa nkhondo Mongolia southerners. Dongosolo zachilengedwe m'mapanga mobisa mwa phiri la Erusheti anapereka maziko kwambiri tsogolo linga angaloŵe, yomanga yomwe inayambika mu ulamuliro wa George III, ndipo anapitiriza mwana wake lodziwika bwino Tamara.

Kamodzi obisika anali kubisika kwathunthu mu mtima thanthwe, kulumikiza ndi pamwamba pa njira yokhotakhota mavesi mobisa. Kwambiri mu mbiri ya malo awa chivomezi kuti anagwedeza dera kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XIII, anapha gawo lakunja la phiri, kuwulula kale zosaoneka ndi mdani, nyumba m'tawuni kachisi.

Bwinja ndi kuuka Vardzia

M'zaka za zana lotsatira, dziko la anagonjetsa mobwerezabwereza ndi Mongol ndi Persian makamu, kuphatikizapo kuonongeka ndi Vardzia. Georgia akukumbukira waukulu moto, anakonza ndi Aperisi mu 1551. tsoka ankanena miyoyo ya ansembe a obisika, koma, zodabwitsa, anaonetsetsa kufa kwa ulemerero wapadera wa agulupa lapansi. Anamubisa pansi frescoes mwaye ndi murals bwinobwino anapulumuka.

Analanda linga m'zaka XVI, a Ottoman wogwidwa malowa zaka zoposa mazana awiri, pa nthawi imene obisika anakhalabe bwinja. Patapita zaka mazana aŵiri, asilikali Russian retook ku Ottoman, mzinda wakale, ndi pansi pa arches la kachisi wakale kachiwiri bubbled moyo.

Masiku ano Vardzia - mwachangu anachezeredwa ndi alendo la Chijojiya National Chipilala ndipo masiku ano chamoyo obisika. Kutulukira koyamba patatha zaka zambiri mapemphero adalowa mpanda wa kachisi mu 80s mochedwa.

Kuchokera mu 2004, Unduna wa Culture bungwe kubwezeretsa m'dzikoli, imene kubwezeretsedwa Kupeleka dongosolo concreted anapanga ming'alu ya nthawi. Zolinga chitetezo, Chimonko ndi alendowo anali anamangidwira ikuthandizira struts. Akuti mupezeke phanga mzinda pa UNESCO World Heritage List.

An mwaluso kamangidwe ka akale Georgia

Nanga chodabwitsa Vardzia? Georgia ali kwambiri mchitidwe phanga ndi nyumba, koma malo awa lapadera. Izi mzinda mobisa, othyathyalika yaikulu ndi zovuta nyumba dongosolo! Multistorey Vardzia zovuta zikuphatikizapo mapanga zoposa zisanu ndi m'mapanga chiyambi zachilengedwe ndi lopangidwa ndi munthu, chikugwirizana ndi tinjira misewu ndi ngalandezi kusiya mamita 800 m'litali ndi mamita oposa 50 pansi m'phiri.

Kachisi zovuta ophatikizana mipingo fifitini, mtima umene unali ndi tsopano pali kachisi wokongola wa Mfundo za Virgin. Kuwonjezera nyumba ya chipembedzo, gulu loyimba kamangidwe ka mzinda thanthwe zikuphatikizapo zogona ndi zofunikira nyumba, zipinda zodyeramo, malaibulale, malo osambira ndi kutambasula kwa 3.5 Km madzi.

Mu chochitika cha nkhondo ku angaloŵe anawasema linga akhoza kumakhalamo anthu 20 zikwi ndi kupirira kuzinga yaitali, ndipo yotuluka ngalande atatu chinsinsi kupereka asilikali Chijojiya kudabwa cholimbana asilikali a adani.

Zokopa phanga zovuta

Ngati mudzapempha Georgia, amene sakugwirizana ndi zimayambitsa mu iwo kunyada chenicheni, ambiri adzayankha: Vardzia. Georgia (kumene wotchuka phanga zovuta, tikuuzidwa pa chiyambi cha nkhaniyi) limatchula agulupa pakati pa olemera malo osangalatsa.

Lero ndi siinaululidwe chikhalidwe malo, okonzeka ndi magetsi, masitepe omasuka ndi alonda otetezeka. Main khomo m'tauni phanga ndi yaing'ono nsanja-belu nsanja, anamanga pambuyo pa chivomezi mbiri. Mtundu uwu wa kwabwera wopita ku mpingo zofunika Mfundo oyenerera mu mainsail lalikulu. Yokoma mpanda wake murals wapadera ndi nkhope ya oyera, Mfumukazi Tamara ndi George III ali wa mtengo wake wapatali luso. The anawasema la kachisi utoto ndi zithunzi za makolo m'Baibulo. Malinga ndi nthano, pali anakwiriridwa Mfumukazi Tamara.

Mpingo wa Akukwera lili kwambiri miyala, ndi kunja kuwona okha Chipilala cha khondelo guwa amabisa obisalamo kusuntha mu chipinda chaching'ono kwa ziwiya ndi mikanjo kachisi. passageways yopapatiza kuyambitsa zobisika mu kuya kwa phanga mzinda mipingo ina ing'onoing'ono, akachisi, koma apa pali kasupe kakang'ono kamene amapereka madzi ena obisika ntchito, pamene masiku ano amakhala khumi Chimonko.

Chotero kwabasi Vardzia (Georgia). Zosangalatsa za dera limeneli suthera agulupa akale. Pafupi ndi mzinda thanthwe naye bwino ndi mbiri ya chitetezo ndi Tmogvi Khertvisi, pitani pa tchalitchi cha X atumwi Kumurdo ulendo kwambiri wakale phanga agulupa ya Vanis Kvabebi.

Vardzia (Georgia): bwanji kuti kuphanga mzinda-obisika

Ngati mwasankha njira anapita Vardzia, kuyamba ulendo bwino m'tauni kum'mwera kwa Akhaltsikhe. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito utumiki galimoto yobwereka ndi kupeza kuphanga zovuta paokha. The ulendo amatenga ola. Komanso m'tauni basi yoyenda "Akhaltsikhe (Georgia) - Vardzia". Kodi kukhala pa maholide? Mwasankha ndi lalikulu. Childs, apaulendo ndi kuwavomereza zambiri alendo nyumba dera la Samtskhe-Javakheti. Mungathere usiku m'timahotela, hostels kapena lendi nyumba ya m'mudzi.

Osati kutali obisika zovuta linatsegulidwa, hotelo zamakono ndi odyera Vardziarezot, kupereka maganizo odabwitsa pa phanga mzinda. Chidwi kwambiri pamaso pa usiku - agulupa ndi kuunikiridwa ndi nyali zowala. Ena alendo amakonda kukhala mu hema kapena ogona pa mpweya kwabasi Chijojiya.

mfundo chidwi kwa alendo

• mzinda Cave lotseguka kwa chonse pagulu chaka, ntchito - kuchokera maola 9 mpaka 19. Pa anayendera lonse phanga zovuta adzatenga maola osachepera 2,5-3. Tikiti Price - 3 gel osakaniza (pafupifupi $ 100) kwa akulu, tikiti ana - 1 gel osakaniza.
• Anakonza kukaona mobisa wa agulupa ya? Usachite wabisa M'sitolo pa tochi - makonde ambiri ndi akamandiŵerengera zovuta kumumanga m'mitolo mdima moti.
• Phanga ndi wokongola ozizira ngakhale pa yotentha chilimwe, kotero pa ulendowo, yesetsani zovala ofunda.
• Kutsogoleredwa maulendo mu obisika zovuta za Vardzia kunyamula pafupifupi mabungwe onse kuyenda mu Georgia.

Ngati mukufuna ulendo zosangalatsa ndi nkhani umodzi mbali amakezana mwa mayiko Union - kusankha Vardzia (Georgia). Photo wowoneka kukongola kwa mobisa wa agulupa ndi m'mapiri ozungulira zingasangalatse ndi kupereka amakumbukirabe kwa zaka zambiri.