Vampirism (matenda): zizindikiro ndi mankhwala. Porphyry

Kodi kufalikira kwa matenda monga vampirism ndi chiyani? Matendawa amavomereza pakati pa oimira mtundu woyera womwe akukhala ku South Africa, kuchokera kwa ana omwe anasamuka ku Holland. Matenda ofanana ndi amenewa amapezeka ku Finland.

Mitundu yomwe matendawa amachokera, ndipo zizindikiro za matendawa zikufotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.

Vampires: zenizeni kapena zabodza?

Kodi pali vampires m'moyo weniweni? Mbiri imasonyeza kuti inde. Akatswiri ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti pakasaka nyama, anthu ambiri amavutika, ndipo, monga lamulo, anali anthu osalakwa. Ngakhale kuti panalibe chifukwa chozunzidwa. Anthu omwe ankatsutsidwa ndi vampirism, sadamwe magazi mwa anthu ena onse ndipo analibe mawotchi, koma nthawi imodzimodziyo anali ndi mantha owonekera.

Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti anthu amene amatsutsidwa ndi chiwawa choopsa choterechi anali ndi matenda ochepa kwambiri a magazi, omwe amatchedwa "porphyria" kuchokera ku mawu achigiriki akuti porphyros (wofiirira).

Zimakhulupirira kuti kuwonetseredwa kwa matenda kunathandizidwa ndi kubadwa kwa mwana kuchokera kwa achibale apamtima. Porphyria inafalikira m'midzi yaing'ono ya Transylvania (malo obadwirako a Dracula wotchuka Count) zaka zikwi zapitazo.

Milandu ya vampirism idakumananso mu mafumu achifumu otchuka. Mwachitsanzo, wofufuzira Andrew Wilson m'buku lake "Victorians" amanena za chibadwa cha porphyria, chomwe chinali chofala pakati pa oimira ufumu wa Britain. Malinga ndi iye, matendawa anali chifukwa cha kugwidwa maganizo kwa agogo aakazi a Mfumukazi Victoria - King George III.

Njira za matenda

Kotero, zithumwa mu moyo weniweni sizilipo. Ndi matendawa, kupanga gemma-osapuloteni gawo la hemoglobin kumasokonezeka, zomwe zimayambitsa kuopsa kwa poizoni za porphyrins, kumangirira zitsulo m'thupi, makamaka chitsulo ndi magnesium. Zakudya zamtunduwu zimayambitsa thupi lonse.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya porphyriya, ndipo zonsezi, kupatulapo mawonekedwe atsopano, omwe amakhudza khungu, ali ndi majini.

Mitundu ya cholowa cha mitundu iliyonse imasiyanasiyana, koma njira yodabwitsa ya autosomal imabwera patsogolo.

Basic provocateurs

Kaŵirikaŵiri pa udindo wa otsutsa ndi awa:

• Kugonjera ku zakudya zolimba;
• Kuda nkhawa kwambiri;
• Mabala a tetracyclines, tetracyclines, njira zothandizira kulera;
• Kukhalapo kwa kukhudzana ndi mankhwala owopsa;
• Sinthani mkhalidwe wa mahomoni wa mkazi;
• Matenda opatsirana;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa.

Zizindikiro za erythropoietic uroporphyria

Kodi vampirism imadziwonetsera bwanji? Matendawa ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo amafalitsidwa autosomally, malinga ndi mtundu wopitirira malire. Zingathe kuwonedwa m'badwo umodzi mwa ana angapo, komanso makolo omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi otchedwa heterozygous. Mawonetseredwe a chipatala cha matenda kumeneko. Matendawa amatha kudziwonetsera okha akhanda. Kodi magawo a vampirism ndi otani?

Pa gawo loyamba, ana obadwanso mwatsopano amadziwika ndi zofiira, kukhalapo kwa photosensitization. Mu njirayi uroporphyrinogen yotulutsidwa kuchokera ku erythrocyte imapangidwira ndipo imasamutsidwa ku uroporin, yosungidwa pakhungu.

Patapita kanthawi mwana atabadwa amakhala ndi vesicles, omwe amasandulika zilonda zam'mimba. Polimbana ndi kumwa mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zilonda zimakhala zipsera. Pachifukwa ichi, khungu lamoto limawonekera pamaso ndi mbali zina za thupi.

Pa gawo lotsiriza la mwanayo kumawoneka mgwirizano wa ziwalo ndi kutayika kwa masomphenya, pali kusowa kwa tsitsi ndi misomali.

Kodi porphyriya ikuwonetseredwa bwanji? Zizindikiro ndi zosiyana:

• Matenda a odwala amakula kukula;
• Hemolytic anemia ndi hemolysis mkati mwa maselo akuwonetseredwa;
• Kuwonjezera mlingo wa ufulu wa serum bilirubin ndi count reticulocyte count;
• Amayamba kukulitsa mafupa a mfupa;
• Moyo wa erythrocyte umachepetsedwa;
• Mlingo wa uroporphin ndi coprporin ukuwonjezeka.

Matendawa amathera ndi zotsatira zoopsa kuyambira ali mwana.

Kodi erythropoietic protoporphyria imawonekera bwanji?

Vampirism ndi matenda omwe amachokera ku autosomal njira yayikulu. Maziko a matendawa ndi kuphwanya kufanana kwa heme protoporphyrin, yomwe imakhudza mbali ya erythrocaryocytes. N'zotheka kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kaphatikizidwe ka aminolevulinic acid.

Odwala amavomereza kuti dzuwa limakhala lodzidzimutsa, khungu limatuluka, kumakhala kununkhira, mitsempha imapezeka pamalo otentha, omwe amachiza zilonda zam'mimba.

Kawirikawiri palibe chosowa. Mlingo wa uroporphyrin ndi coproporphyrin mu erythrocyte ndi mu mkodzo umakhala wabwino, ndi protoporphyrin IX mu erythrocytes - kumawonjezeka. Pulogalamu ya protoporphyrin ya plasma ya magazi ingakhalenso yaikulu.

Matenda a hemolysis sapezeka kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mitundu iwiri ya maselo ofiira a m'magazi. Nthawi zina pamakhala magazi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutaya kwa hyaline pamakoma a mitsempha ndi kupasuka kwawo. Kukulitsa kwa ntchentche sikokwanira.

Erythropoietic coproporphyria

Ichi ndi chizoloŵezi chosavuta kwambiri, cholowetsedwa ndi autosomal pathway. Malingana ndi chithunzithunzi chachipatala, ndizofanana ndi zovuta zowonjezera.

Zokhudzana ndi coproporphyrin mu erythrocytes ndi 30 mpaka 80 kuposa zakuthambo, zopitirira zambiri za coproporphyrin III ndi mkodzo ndi nyansi zakutchire amadziwika. Zikuwoneka mopanda kufotokozera photosensitivity. Mtundu wodwala wa matendawa ukhoza kuwonedwa ndi kutenga mabala.

Fomu yamakono ya porphyria

Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yoopsa ya matendawa. Zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi vampirism zingachititse imfa. Nthawi zina mawonetseredwe awo amakhala ochepa ndipo pali chikhululukiro chosatha. Matendawa adzalandidwa ndi mtundu wa autosomal. Kupititsa patsogolo kwake kumachokera ku kuphwanya kwa pulojekiti ya uroporphyrinogen synthetase ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mlingo wa synthetase wa delta-aminooleic acid, womwe umapweteka maselo a mitsempha.

Mlingo wa porphyrins mu erythrocyte ndi wamba. Mu mkodzo mumakhala owonjezeka kwambiri a uroporphyrin I ndi II, komanso coproporphyrin III. Mu nthawi yovuta mu mkodzo, porphyrin precursor, porphobilinogen, amapezeka.

Kuchuluka kwa hepatic synthetase ndi delta-aminolevulinic acid kumatchulidwanso, ndipo porphobilinogen ya mkodzo ikuwonjezeka.

Pangakhale zovuta zosiyanasiyana:

• Zowawa m'mimba zomwe zimapezeka kumadera osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimafuna kuti munthu athandizidwe;
• Mitundu yoopsa ya polyneuritis;
• Paresthesia;
• Matenda a m'maganizo;
• Coma;
• Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu;
• Kutaya kwa pinki ya mkodzo.

Vampirism ndi matenda omwe angabweretse ku imfa. Imfa ya wodwalayo imayamba chifukwa cha kupuma. Odwala ambiri amafa m'dera la coma kapena chifukwa cha cachexia.

Kuwonjezera kwa matendawa nthawi zambiri kumapwetekedwa ndi mimba, kutenga barbiturates, sulfonamides, analgin. Achibale a odwala angasonyeze zizindikiro za matenda popanda kukhala ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino (matenda osokoneza bongo).

Fomu yowongoka

Munthu wa vampire adzalandira matendawa ndi mtundu wa autosomal. Kawirikawiri matendawa amabwera mwachinsinsi ndipo amadziwonetsera okha pamene ntchito ya enzyme-proportionphyrinogen oxidase imasokonezeka ndipo mlingo wa kaphatikizidwe wa delta-aminolevulinic acid mu chiwindi ukuwonjezeka.

Malingana ndi chipatala, mtundu uwu wa matendawo ukufanana ndi matenda omwe amakhala ovuta kwambiri pakati pa porphyria. Mu mkodzo ndi njira yovuta, mlingo wa delta-aminolevulinic acid ndi porphobilinogen sichifika pamalo ovuta kwambiri monga mawonekedwe ochepa. Mu mkodzo ndi nyansi zam'madzi momwe mlingo wa coproporphyrin wochulukira.

Variegate Form

Komanso ili ndi mtundu wochuluka wa cholowa. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa matendawa kunayambitsidwa ndi ntchito yovuta ya protoporphyrinogen-oxidase enzyme komanso kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha delta-aminolevulinic acid.

Ndi zizindikiro, matendawa ali ofanana ndi mapiri a porphyria. Nthawi zina imfayi imalephera. Pogwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya ndi analgin, kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba ndi kusagwira ntchito kwa mitsempha kungathe kuchitika.

Urokoppororphyria

Izi ndizomwe zimapangidwa posachedwapa. Zimapezeka mwa anthu omwe amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa, omwe ali ndi chiwindi, kapena amene ayanjana ndi mafuta ndi poizoni. Odwala ambiri ali ndi chiwindi chosalimba. Mu mkodzo muli ndondomeko yambiri ya uroporphyrin, zomwe zili mu coproporphyrin sizinachuluke kwambiri. Mapuloteni a uroporphinogen carboxylase amasonyezedwanso.

Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, achibale ambiri odwala amasonyeza kuwonjezeka kwa uroporphyrin mu mkodzo ndi coproporphyrin mu nyansi. M'mabanja ena muli zonyamulira ziwiri kapena zitatu za matendawa.

Munthu wotchedwa vampire amadwala matenda osiyanasiyana a khungu:

• Kuchulukitsa mphamvu kwa ultraviolet kuwala,
• Kusokonezeka kwa chilengedwe,
• Kutsekemera kapena kupatulira khungu,
• Maonekedwe a mabelters kumbuyo kwa dzanja ndi nkhope amatsatiridwa ndi scarring.

Kusintha kwa khungu pa khungu kumadziwonetsera okha pachilonda chachikulu cha chilonda. Zosintha mu epidermis ndizochiwiri.

Chizindikiro chotsogolera ndi chiwerengero cha kukula kwa chiwindi. Kawirikawiri ntchito zake zimavutika.

Mfundo za mankhwala

Kodi mungatani kuti mupeze ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku vampirism? Pakalipano, sipanakhalepo njira zazikulu zothandizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti athetse vutoli. Choncho, cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwala ndi cholinga chochotsera zizindikiro za matendawa. Kuteteza thupi ku mazira a ultraviolet kungachepetse mawonetseredwe a matendawa.

Njira imodzi yochepetsera zizindikiro zosayenera ndikuteteza thupi kuti lisatuluke dzuwa. Muyenera kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo, analgesics, sulfonamides.

Ndikumva kupweteka kwakukulu kogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amasonyeza. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito aminazine kumawonetsedwa.

Ndi ndondomeko ya kuthamanga kwa magazi, chithandizo choyenera chimasankhidwa. Kawirikawiri "Inderal" imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pofuna kuchepetsa zomwe zili ndi porphyrins, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ngati "Delagil" akuwonetsedwa. Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa kumangiriza kwa porphyrins "Delagil" ndi "Riboxin".

Njira ya mavitamini, folic ndi nicotinic acid, riboflavin, retinol, nicotinic acid ikuwonetsedwa.

Pochizira matenda a khungu, zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzola omwe amapezeka ndi resocin kapena corticosteroids, Shostakovskiy balsamu.

Tiyenera kudziŵa kuti chithandizo sichingatheke ngati mowa wodwala akumwa.

Njira zothandizira

Pofuna kupewa odwala akulimbikitsidwa kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amawonjezera photosensitivity ya thupi. Komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndi njira zowonjezera, monga bergamot mafuta, eosin ndi rodmin.

Zolemba

Kodi mungatani kuti mupeze ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku vampirism? Ndi khalidwe labwino la kafukufuku komanso mankhwala omwe asankhidwa, mankhwala a porphyria amapereka zotsatira zabwino. Ndi kusankha kosayenera njira zonse zoyenera, nthawi ya matendawa ingawonjezere.

Odwala amadandaula za ululu waukulu m'mimba, omwe alibe malo enieni. Mphuno, kusanza, ndi ntchito zosadziwika za m'mimba zimatchulidwanso mwa odwala.

Chifukwa cha matenda osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala, mtundu woopsa wa porphyria pakati pa milandu imabweretsa zotsatirapo zowononga.

Kutsiliza

Kodi pali vampires enieni? Ayi ndithu. Ichi ndi nthano yomwe inabadwa chifukwa cha matenda omwe amawonetsa maonekedwe a munthu.

Vampirism ndi matenda opatsirana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi chibadwa. Mafupa amathandizira kuti ziwalo za thupi zisagwire ntchito, komanso zimasokoneza umphumphu wa khungu.