Beloyarsk NPP - Ntchito ndi kuphunzira

Ural, 40 kukafika kum'mawa kwa Ekaterinburg ndi oyamba mu Soviet Union zomera mafakitale mphamvu za nyukiliya. Iwo anayamba mu 1955 ndipo dzina lake "Beloyarsk NPP." Mu 1964 iye anapatsa mphamvu woyamba woyezera AMB 100 "nyukiliya Mtendere Big" ndi mphamvu 100 MW. Popeza 1967, wachiwiri - AMB-200. Chipika lachitatu - BN-600 "kudya nyutironi" 600 MW - amazipeza April 1980 Today, magetsi ali atatu nyukiliya. Mu 1981 ndi 1987 woyamba awiri anaimitsidwa. Wachitatu otsala. Akatswiri otchedwa kudya mathanki "obereketsa" mwachitsanzo, "Mahatchiwo". Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito yopanga nyukiliyazo basi zida kalasi kwa ureniamu. Mayiko onse Western zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, mathanki amenewa anasiya. Ndipo kokha Beloyarsk NPP ndi atsopano mu dziko zoterozo ankapoperamo mafakitale. Kudalirika ndi chitetezo yake yapamwamba kwambiri.

Mwachidule za riyakitala lapansi. Mu ntchito m'dera yodzaza misonkhano yake mafuta - zirconia chubu. Iwo anaika nyukiliya mafuta pellets, kawirikawiri ureniamu U235. Pamene kugawa mafuta mu kwambiri a mipope kutentha zomwe osungunula zitsulo ndi sodium (kapena kutsogolera) kapena madzi pa chipsinjo chachikulu (zokhazo) lachokera ku zone otentha (a dera woyamba). Sodium motero ali ndi mpweya wa poizoni mkulu; kuti kunja kwake si kupirira kutentha umasamutsidwa ku kuzungulira yachiwiri imene chitsulo kapena kuthamanga madzi. Apa, kutentha chonyamulira heats kuti Reflux wa dera lachitatu madzimadzi ndi nthunzi aperekedwe ku chopangira mphamvu ya. Kenako yomanga madzi mu madera onse. Mathanki zitsulo zitsulo madzi theoretically woopsa kwambiri kuposa madzi utakhazikika pa. Koma iwo ali kwambiri yaying'ono, kotero inu mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito iwo zoyendera. Beloyarskaya riyakitala nyukiliya BN-600 mu madera awiri oyambirira ali coolant zachitsulo. Last - malasha ndi sodium superheater.

Beloyarsk NPP-2 - wachiwiri (ndipo makamaka wachinayi) powerhouse pa siteji ya zomangamanga. zaka zinayi anakumana wagawo BN-600 ntchito ndi mfundo processing analandira zinachititsa kuti chigamulo kuwonjezera awiri zambiri - BN-800 ndi BN-1200. Pambuyo pa ngozi Chernobyl, ntchito izi asiya, koma ntchito anapitiriza kusintha. Mu 2007, ntchito yomanga anayambiranso.

BN-800 unit anafuna zina pogwila ntchito "nyutironi zolimba 'luso, zotsatira zabwino analandira nazo, kodi:

- kupanga chatsekedwa mafuta mkombero wa zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya;

- oposa 50 khola kuwonjezeka processing watha ureniamu, kupereka mafuta nyukiliya zomera mphamvu dziko;

- pang'ono wabwino zinyalala nyukiliya ntchito sanali nyukiliya lotayako ureniamu U238;

- Khuthulani kufalitsa mafuta a nyukiliyazo basi ku ankaiphwasula zokwana nyukiliya.

Beloyarsk NPP ndi mayunitsi mphamvu latsopano 2022 adzakhala ndi mphamvu 2600 MW. M'zaka zikubwerazi, adzayamba kumanga chipika nambala 5 - BN-1200.

Kutumidwa mathanki angapo BN-1200 mu ichi ndi zomera zina ndi kuphatikizapo mabizinezi mkombero popanga mafuta nyukiliya kupanga dongosolo la zotsimikizira chimodzimodzi. Choncho Russia idzabwera ndi maiko wochezeka kupereka mafuta kwa mazana a zaka. Beloyarsk NPP adzatenga malo ake oyenera mu dongosolo, ngati mayunitsi ake a mitundu yosiyanasiyana njira experimental mchitidwe atsopano mu gawo la mphamvu la atomu mtendere.