Turkic gulu la zilankhulo mafuko

Mbiri boma ananena kuti chinenero Turkey adanyamuka woyamba Zakachikwi BC, pamene mafuko woyamba za gulu limeneli. Koma, monga momwe maphunziro posachedwapa, anaonekera chinenero kale kwambiri. Pali ngakhale maganizo a chinenero Turkey wapita ku chinenero ena akale chonenedwa ndi onse okhala Europe ndi ku Asia, monga nthano ya Nsanja ya Babele. Chodabwitsa chachikulu cha chinenero Turkic - izo sanasinthe kwa zaka zikwi zisanu linakhalapo. The akale Chisumeriya adakali Kazakhs zomveka, monga mabuku ano.

inafikira

Turkic chinenero gulu ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Ngati inu muyang'ana mwachirengedwe, anthu, kulankhula zinenero zofanana, choncho moyo kumadzulo kwa malire ndi Turkey kumayambira kum'mawa - China Xinjiang Autonomous District, kumpoto - ku East Siberia Nyanja ndi kum'mwera - Khorasan.

Panopa akuti chiwerengero cha anthu amene amalankhula Turkic - miliyoni 164, chithunzi ili pafupi wofanana ndi anthu onse a Russia. Pa nthawi imeneyi pali maganizo osiyanasiyana pankhani ya mmene wachinsinsi gulu la zilankhulo Turkic. Kodi mtundu wa zinenero kuima mu gulu ili, tiganizire moposera. Kumasulira: Turkey, Azeri, Chikazaki, Kirghiz, Chitekimeni, Chiuzibeki, Karakalpak, Uygur, Tartar, Bashkir, Chuvash, Balkar, Karachai, Kumyk, Noghai, Tuvinian, Khakassky, Sakha neri Al.

The wakale anthu Turkic olankhula

Ife tikudziwa kuti kwambiri ambiri anayala mu Europe ndi ku Asia Turkic gulu la zinenero. Anthu amene amalankhula choncho kalelo ankatchedwa chabe - Turkey. ntchito yawo yaikulu inali ng'ombe kuswana ndi ulimi. Koma musamwe MAIKO ATSOPANO onse a chinenero gulu Turkic a ana a gulu wakale yosiyanasiyana. Patapita zaka zambiri magazi awo wothira mwazi wa ena mafuko mu Europe ndi ku Asia, ndipo tsopano muzu wa Turkey palibe.

Anthu wakale wa gulu monga:

• Turcuts - mafuko n'kukakhala ku mapiri Altai mu 5 m'ma BC;
• Pechenegs - anatuluka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma IX ndi kumene kuli anthu m'dera pakati Kievan Lazaro, Wenger, Alan ndi Mordovia;
• Polovtsian - maonekedwe ake lankhosa Pechenegs anali ufulu kukoma kwambiri ndi mwamakani;
• Hun - anatuluka mu II-IV zaka anatha kulenga boma yaikulu ku Volga ku Rhine, kumene anapita Avars ndi Hungarians;
• Bulgarians - a mafuko amenewa wakale anatenga mitundu monga Chuvash, Chitata, Bulgarians, Karachai, Balkars.
• Khazars - mafuko yaikulu, anatha kulenga boma lawo ndi adzawathamangitsa Hun;
• Turkey Oguz - makolo wa Turkmens, Azerbaijanis akukhala Selcuk;
• Karluk - ankakhala ku Central Asia mu zaka VIII-XV.

Gawo

Turkic gulu la zilankhulo ndi gulu zovuta. M'malo mwake, iliyonse mbiri amapereka Baibulo yake, amene adzakhala osiyana ndi kusintha zina zazing'ono. Tikupereka inu njira wotchuka:

1. Bulgar gulu. Nthumwi panopa yekha alipo - chinenero Chuvash.
2. Yakut gulu - ichi ndi easterly kuposa mitundu ya chinenero gulu Turkic. Anthu amati Yakut ndi Dolgan m'zilembo.
3. South Siberia - mu gulu imeneyi zinenero za anthu, moyo makamaka malire a Federation ndi Russian kum'mwera kwa Siberia.
4. South East, kapena Karluk. Zitsanzo - Chiuzibeki ndi Chiuwiga zinenero.
5. Kumpoto, kapena Kipchak gulu - umaimiridwa ndi mafuko ambiri, ambiri a iwo amakhala palokha lawo, monga Chitata, Kazakhs, Kirghiz.
6. Kum'mwera, kapena Oguz. Zilankhulo mgulu la - Chitekimeni, salarsky Turkey.

Ndiyeno ganizirani zimene anthu a chinenero gulu Turkic moyo pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Yakuts

Pa m'gawo lake anthu wamba nkumadzitcha okha chabe - Sakha. Choncho dzina la dera - ndi Republic of Sakha. Akuluakulu anakakhalanso kumadera ena oyandikana nawo. Yakuts - ichi ndi easterly kuposa mitundu ya chinenero gulu Turkic. Chikhalidwe ndi miyambo anaitenga ku mafuko wakale moyo m'chigawo chapakati cha Asia.

Khakassia

Kuti tichite zimenezi, anthu anatola mu dera - ndi Republic of Khakassia. Nawu chikudalira kwambiri Khakassia - 52 zikwi anthu. Zikwi zingapo asamukira moyo mu Tula ndi Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Shor

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mtundu umenewu anafikira mu zaka XVII-XVIII. Tsopano ndi yaing'ono mitundu gulu, lomwe lingapezeke mu kum'mwera kwa dera Kemerovo. Monga lero, chiwerengero ndi laling'ono kwambiri, pafupifupi 10 zikwi anthu.

Tuva

Tuvan anawagawa m'magulu atatu, zosiyana mu chilankhulo cha zina. Anthu Tuva (Tyva). Ndi kum'maŵa ya anthu angapo a chinenero cha gulu Turkic likukhala m'malire a dziko ndi China.

Tofalars

fuko lino pafupifupi mbisoweka. Malinga ndi 2010 kalembera, m'midzi yambiri ya dera Irkutsk anatha kupeza anthu caka ca 762.

Siberia Chitata

Kum'mawa chilankhulo cha Chitata - chinenero chimene amaona kuti dziko chifukwa cha Siberia Chitata. Iyi ndi gulu Turkic a zinenero. Anthu a gulu achuluka inathetsedwa ndi Russia. Angapezeke m'madera a kumidzi a Tyumen, Omsk, Novosibirsk ndi ena.

Dolgan

Kagulu ka akukhala mu madera kumpoto kwa Nenets Autonomous District. Iwo ngakhale boma chigawo - Taimyr Dolgan-Nenets. Chibwenzi, nthumwi Dolgan anthu 7500 chokha chimene chatsalira.

Altai

Turkic gulu la zilankhulo zikuphatikizapo lotanthauzira mawu a anthu a Republic Altai. Tsopano m'dera lino akhoza momasuka bwino chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya anthu akale.

Independent Turkic olankhula limati

Masiku ano, pali asanu osiyana palokha limati, amene dziko ndi zakwawoko Turkic anthu. Izi makamaka Kazakhstan ndi Kyrgyzstan. Kumene, Turkey ndi Turkmenistan. Ndipo musaiwale za Uzbekistan ndi Azerbaijan, amene ali chimodzimodzi kwa gulu Turkic a zinenero.

dera lawo yoyenda yokha ndi Uighurs. Iwo lili China ndipo anaitana Xinjiang. m'gawo limeneli chili ndi mayiko ena okhudzana ndi Turkey.

Kirghiz

Turkic gulu la zilankhulo makamaka zikuphatikizapo Kyrgyzstan. Ndithudi, Chikigizi kapena Kirghiz - ichi ndi nthumwi kwambiri wakale wa ku Turkey okhala pa gawo la Europe ndi ku Asia. Kungotchula loyamba la Kirghiz opezeka pa 1 zikwi. BC. e. Pafupifupi m'mbiri yake yonse mtundu anali ndi mwayekha m'gawo lake, koma nthawi yomweyo anatha kusunga chizindikiro chawo ndi chikhalidwe. The Kirghiz ngakhale nalo lingaliro la "Ashar" kutanthauza mgwirizano mogwirizana ndi cohesion.

Kirghiz steppe kale ankakhala malo kumene kulibe anthu ambiri. Izi sakanakhoza koma bwanji khalidwe la ena mwa zinthu. Anthu awa kuchereza alendo kwambiri. Pamene ntchito ndi kuthetsa munthu watsopano anafika, anandiuza nkhani zimene palibe munthu akhoza kumva patsogolo. Pa mlendo uyu kupereka kwa amachitira bwino. Woyera kuwerenga ndemanga anaganiza apa.

Kazakhs

Turkic chinenero gulu sipangakhalenso popanda Kazakhs. Izi ndi anthu ochuluka kwambiri Turkic wamoyo osati m'dziko lomwelo, komanso padziko lonse.

Folkways Kazakhs ndi okhwima kwambiri. Ana ali ana ndaleredwa mu malamulo okhwima, amaphunzitsidwa kukhala ndi udindo ndi olimbikira. Pakuti mfundo fuko ili la "pamahatchi" - kunyada kwa anthu, munthu, kuti zivute zitani kuteteza ulemu wake tribesman anzake kapena wake.

Mu amati ndi Kazakhs komabe pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa "woyera" ndi "wakuda". Masiku ano kuyambira kalekale anataya tanthauzo lake, koma zotsala mfundo wakale akadali zimasungika. Mbali ya mawonekedwe aliyense Chikazaki ndi kuti zimakhala zofanana ndi European, ndi Chinese.

Turkey

Turkic gulu la zilankhulo zikuphatikizapo Turkey. Mbiri yakale, Turkey wakhala akugwira ntchito ndi Russia. Ndipo si nthawi zonse, Gona awa akhala mtendere. Byzantine ndipo kenako Ottoman, anakhazikitsidwa imodzi ndi Kievan Lazaro. Ngakhale ndiye, anali pankhondo yoyamba pa ufulu wolamulira pa Nyanja Black. M'kupita kwa nthawi, wosamwerana madzi kunakulirakulira zokhudza makamaka ubale pakati Russian ndi Turkey.

Turkey ali achirendo kwambiri. Choyamba, izo Tingaone zina zizindikiro zawo. Iwo Hardy, wodekha ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri moyo. Khalidwe la anthu a mtundu amasamala kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti wakwiya, iwo konse kufotokoza kusakhutira awo. Koma tsopano ndiyeno akhoza kusungira mkwiyo ndi kubwezera. Nthawi aakulu, Turkey ndi obisika kwambiri. Iwo zitha kumwetulira pa nkhope yake, ndi kuseri kwa intrigue kwa kupindula nako.

Turkey anali kwambiri za chipembedzo chawo. malamulo aakulu Muslim amafuna kuti sitepe iliyonse mu moyo wa Turk. Mwachitsanzo, iwo akhoza kupha munthu wosakhulupirira ndipo kuti alangidwe. Ndi mbali lili ndi chinthu chinanso - maganizo osagwirizana kwa si aslam ai.

Pomaliza

Turkic olankhula anthu - waukulu mitundu gulu lonse. Mbadwa za Turkey wakale anakakhala m'maiko onse, koma kwambiri za moyo wawo m'dera zamakolo - mu Altai Mapiri ndi kum'mwera Siberia. Anthu ambiri anatha kusunga chizindikiro chawo m'kati mwamalire a limati palokha.