The kusintha kwa yoyandama mlingo kuwombola. akuyandama dongosolo mlingo

Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama amatchedwa phindu wachibale wa ndalama za maiko awiri. M'mawu ena, phindu la ndalama imodzi m'kukoma mayunitsi osiyana.

Modes mitengo kuwombola kolowera

Ziyenera kukhala bwino modes alipo lomanga mitengo kuwombola:

• Pa maziko a parity golide. The ndalama umanena golide, n'zogwirizana pa mtengo lokhazikika. Poyamba, golide muyezo anali yang'anira a mtundu lonse galimoto msika.

• kuliika ndalama. Banki chapakati Mzimuyo mlingo wa ndalama dziko. Makamaka nkhawa malire a kusinthasintha ufulu wa ndalama mayiko, zomwe zikuchitidwa ndi cholinga olimba zazikulu za citukuko. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, ndi kugula Bank Central kapena kukagulitsa kuchuluka makamaka kwa ndalama zakunja.

• Yoyandama Pamadzi kusinthitsa ndalama. Amaonekera chifukwa cha malire okwanira ndi kufunika kusinthasintha. Pankhaniyi, mlingo kuwombola ndi la mgwirizano mtengo wa ndalama mu msika kuwombola yachilendo. Pa yemweyo kusinthasintha, inatha ndi katundu mabuku, udindo wa ndalama ndi bwino malonda palibe njira zochepa.

Ngati woyamba modes awiri ndi bwino kumva, akuyandama mlingo kuwombola ayenera kuphunzira zambiri.

Kodi kusintha kusinthitsa ndalama?

Akuyandama kapena kusintha kusinthitsa ndalama ndi mode imene mitengo kuwombola pa msika siyana malingana okwanira ndi akumufuna. Mu ufulu zinthu oscillation achuluke kapena kuchepa. Komanso zimadalira ntchito zongopeka pa msika ndi bwino malipiro a boma.

Theoretically ulamuliro wa mitengo momasuka akuyandama kuwombola akhale chifukwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano kusinthitsa ndalama. Zikatero, dziko adzakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zonse chikhalidwe zachuma, pakalibe chikoka kunja. Koma zoona, maphunziro kusintha akhoza kukhala chinthu zosayembekezereka wa mumaganiza kusokoneza ndi mwachisawawa. zinthu zikhoza kulimbikitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zongopeka.

Mapeto a mapangano ndalama ndi malonda kungakhale kovuta kwambiri ngati anzanga simukudziwa za phindu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mayiko bwino kusintha kwa mitengo yosinthira ndalama ndi ntchito za phukusi. Koma nthawi zambiri likukhalira ku mpheto za mlingo kuwombola n'cholinga chofuna ubwino mpikisano mu malonda ndi mayiko ena.

Kujambula akuyandama dongosolo kusinthitsa ndalama

Mu 1976, msonkhano wa IMF Committee wogwirizira, limene pangano Jamaica anali atafika. njirayi enshrined demonetization zagolide ndi kusintha kwa mitengo akuyandama kuwombola. Latsopano la Russia choikidwacho yoyenera mode lamulo la November 15, 1991. dongosolo la mitengo akuyandama kuwombola anakopeka ndi okwanira ndi kufunika likupezeka mu misika ndalama za boma.

Mu wotuluka malonda kuti kuphimba ndalama chiopsezo anayamba ntchito patsogolo zimenezi. njira imeneyi zinatchuka kumapeto kwa 60s lapansi. Iyi ndi nthawi zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha kusintha kwa ulamuliro akuyandama, vuto la dongosolo Bretton Woods, komanso kuwombola yachilendo msika osakhalitsa.

The zifukwa kupanga dongosolo latsopano

Chifukwa osakhalitsa ya misika kuwombola zakunja mu 1964, analengeza za convertibility ya Japanese ndi zina ndalama dziko. Choncho, US wataya mphamvu kusunga mtengo wa aunzi ya golide. State anakumana ndi kukula mofulumira kufufuma. Kumene, boma US watenga zingapo zoyezera kulimbana zodabwitsazi, koma iwo sanapereke chifukwa positive.

US nongole zikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse, koma ambiri a mavutowo dollar anali mu 1970, lomwe limafotokoza kuchepa mlingo chidwi. Chaka chotsatira, muyezo dziko la malipiro wakhala kuchepekedwa amphamvu. Free kutembenuka kwa madola mu golide inaimitsidwa.

Kupulumutsa dongosolo Bretton Woods zachitika kwambiri. Alowererepo ofunika mozungulira 5 biliyoni. Madola sanapereke zotsatira. Pambuyo devaluation ya dollar ndi 10%, m'mayiko olemera anasintha kuti yoyandama mlingo kuwombola.

Kupha mavuto

Mpaka mu 1973, kunali kotheka kwa ndalama wabwino pa ntchito ndalama. Koma kuchotsa akupeza ndi zongoganizira mavuto pambuyo mitengo atathana salinso zogwirizana. Mu ulamuliro uwu mitengo momasuka akuyandama kuwombola zinachititsa kuti bankirapuse a mabanki yambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo ambiri mabungwe a zachuma kudwala. Dongosolo wakhala kuboma, Gona chuma padziko lonse anayamba kugonja kwa malamulowo.

The kusintha kwa yoyandama mlingo kuwombola analola kuthetsa ambiri a kuipa ndi mavuto. Ngakhale ubwino wa boma lino, ali zina zabwino. Choyamba ndi Dziwani ndi osakhalitsa mkulu wa mayunitsi ndalama (matalikidwe a kusinthasintha phindu pa nthawi). Nthawi zambiri izi limakhudza anthu padziko lonse ntchito katundu-inatha.

Mode pano mu Russia

Pambuyo kusakhulupirika, chimene chinachitika mu 1998 boma latsopano la Russia, chaka chotsatira unayambitsidwa pa malamulo boma ndalama. Kuyambira tsopano, boma atha kuziziritsa kukula kwa kungasokoneze ya chilengedwe pa m'boma. Akuyandama mlingo kuwombola anali lowonjezera ndi kukhazikitsa ndalama mtanga. Mpheroyi osakaniza yuro ndi dollar. Chifukwa zimenezi mwayi kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe dongosolo ndalama.

Pambuyo kumayambiriro ndalama dengu zinachitikadi, ndi ruble walandira lathu pa awiri mayunitsi zofunika kwambiri dziko malo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, analandira zochepa amadalira chuma US.

Ngati mtengo kunja kwa dziko zina kuti adzipeza ndalama dengu, boma anali ndi ufulu kanthu kuwombola yachilendo msika zilembedwe. Pa nthawi, lamulo limeneli palibe chomveka yaitali, zimene zinachitika mavuto padziko lonse. boma akhoza kupanga amachita ndi ndalama, mosasamala kanthu za maphunzirowa.

Momasuka akuyandama mlingo kuwombola

mode limapereka chokana boma zonse boma zonse ndalama dziko ndi kulemekeza mayunitsi ndalama za maiko ena. Momasuka akuyandama mlingo kuwombola amatanthauza kayendedwe ka mlingo kuwombola, amene anatsimikiza potsatira magulu msika wa okwanira ndi akumufuna.

mfundo ankaona amagwiritsa ochepa mayiko. Wamba ndi anakwanitsa zimatengedwa kusinthitsa ndalama. Amasangalala kugwirizana kwambiri, chifukwa mtengo zimasiyanasiyana mosapatuka anakhazikitsa. Akafika imodzi malire imagwiridwa ziziyenda zinasintha mlingo kudzera akuluakulu ndalama. Zambiri kuposa osati ikuchitika kutembenuka ntchito pa msika lotseguka ku kubwerera, ndipo ndalama dziko.

ntchito zotsatira kutembenuka

ntchito kutembenuka ndi wotuluka kuti akuuzidwa kugula kapena kugulitsa mayunitsi ndalama zimene Pre-kukhazikitsidwa munthawi, voliyumu ndi mlingo. States kuti ntchito akuyandama ndipo anakakonza Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama, akhoza kuchita ntchito imeneyi. Iwo amatha kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha ndalama kumalo a ntchito, dera yeniyeni ndi chuma wonse. Phindu mu njira ili ayenera molondola kumvetsa nkhaniyo.