The kupenta wotchuka mu dziko. Wotchuka kwambiri Russian zojambula

Tiyeni nanu tsopano kukumbukira zojambula wotchuka mu dziko. Nkhani imeneyi ndi pa dzanja limodzi ndi ophweka, ndi pa zina - uchitsiru kovuta. Ndipotu, mbiri ya anthu pa amayi Earth panthawi zosiyanasiyana ndiponso m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, iye anabadwa kwambiri aluso wanzeru amene achoka dziko katswiri wake wosafa.

Koma ine sindikufuna mokondera kunyalanyaza wojambula aliyense wamkulu. Koma m'nkhani ino tidzayesetsa kulankhula kokha za ntchito kuti bwino choncho connoisseurs, aluso ndi otsutsa luso, komanso ambiri Mtheradi wa anthu Chophweka pa dziko.

Chotero Mwachitsanzo, zithunzi zina da Vinci, Raphael, Botticelli, Van Gogh, Salvador Dali, Charles Bryullova Ayvazovski, Kustodieva neri Al. Ntchito yawo izikhala pa kalendala, magazini, mabuku ndi zolemba, lofalitsidwa manambala yaikulu zokoperazo, zonse zikuthwanima pa zowonetsera TV. Ndipotu, ndi bwino kuti kuyambira tili ana.

Zojambula ndi Leonardo da Vinci

Kuyankhula nkhani wotchuka chithunzi cha dziko ndi zodabwitsa popanda kutchula kwa katswiri ngati a zojambulajambula, monga wotchuka "Mona Lisa", "The MGONERO", "Madonna Litta", "Lady ndi Ermine", lolembedwa ndi lalikulu Leonardo da Vinci. Kuyambira mndandanda, woyamba mayina awiri kuoneka kwambiri. Okongola ndi zachinsinsi "Mona Lisa" wakhala zaka zambiri, ndi kumwetulira lapadera pa milomo yake, mwakachetechete anayang'anitsitsa pa zachabechabe wa dziko lino - pali anthu lachitukuko, ngakhale yemwe sitinaonepo chithunzi ichi?

Akukhulupirira kuti pa lona amaonetsera Lisa Gherardini - mkazi wa munthu wina wodzichepetsa olemera Florence wamalonda dzina lake Francesco del Giocondo. Tsopano mukudziwa kumene anabwera kuchokera dzina osaka chithunzi - "Mona Lisa"? chithunzi utoto pafupifupi zaka 1503-1505. Today script wake wapatali Tingaone yekha mu Louvre. Pali chithunzi chagona otetezeka wandiweyani chipolopolo-umboni galasi, ndipo nthawi zonse khamu padziko anthu ambiri. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa anthu adakali koma alephera kumasulira chinsinsi kumwetulira kwa dona.

Da Vinci zojambula zimakhala zosangalatsa aliyense, iwo sangathe ngakhale kugula ndalama zambiri. Koma pali mwa ntchito yake yapadera mankhwala - fresco kwabasi "The MGONERO". Nthawi ya chilengedwe chake: zaka 1495-1498, ndipo lidalembedwa ndi mbuye wa dongosolo la mpingo mu refectory wa Santa Maria delle Grazie, limene lili mu mzinda wa ulemerero ku Italy Milan. chiwembu limasonyeza chimodzi cha zochitika zofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu - otsiriza chakudya chamadzulo Yesu ndi ophunzira ake khumi ndi awiri. A wopambana kwambiri kuti lokonza anatha kusunga mural nthawi yathu, ngati zodziŵika n'chakuti pamene ntchito pa izo, Leonardo ankachita nawo zatsopano ndi penti ndi phunziroli mu mpanda, kenako zinachititsa kuti chiwonongeko mofulumira utoto wosanjikiza.

Raphael ntchito

Kenako wojambula, sipangakhalenso anati popanda kukokomeza kuti wasiya kumbuyo wotchuka chithunzi cha dziko - zoona, Rafael Santi - zojambulajambula, amene ankakhala mu Italy kuchokera 1483 mpaka 1520. Imodzi mwa ntchito zake wotchuka ndi otchuka - "Sistine Madonna", chimodzi cha langwiro kwambiri ndi chodabwitsa zolengedwa wowoneka bwino nthawi analengedwa ndi manja a munthu.

Ntchito wina wotchuka wa ambuye - chachikulu (770 mpaka 500 cm) Zojambula pakhoma "Sukulu ya Athens", imakongoletsa chimodzi cha zipinda boma la Vatican Palace. Mwa ndalama zambiri M'chithunzithunzi munakwanisa kuona anzeru lalikulu la anthu, monga Pythagoras, Epicurus, Socrates, Diogenes, Aristotle, Plato. Mwa nzeru ena Rafael ankafotokozedwa yekha komanso mbuye wake wokongola Margherita.

zosafanana Botticelli

Kodi mukuganiza, omwe amagwira nafe izi mu "zithunzi za ojambula zithunzi wotchuka wa dziko"? Izi zidzasintha ndi ethereal ntchito Sandro Botticelli. Tinganene kuti awiri okha wa chilengedwe chake, chimene amadziwa kuti aliyense: "Kubadwa kwa Venus" ndi chinsalu pa chimene chimafotokoza wotchuka zisomo atatu - "Spring". Ndipo iye ndi chithunzi zina ndi nyimbo kukongola chosalimba. No mbuye ena sanathe analanda ndigwira mu utoto monga zithunzi osonyeza ndi ndakatulo ya akazi.

imasonkhezera wojambula anali wamng'ono wokongola florentiyka wokondedwa Dzhuliano Medichi - Simonetta Vespucci. Anali mbali wosakhwima chipangizo kuyang'ana kwa ife nthawi makedzana.

zojambula Impressionist

Chabwino, tsopano ndi nthawi yoganizira za Impressionism. Izi kayendedwe luso unachokera mu France mu 19 mochedwa - m'ma 20. Ojambula zithunzi ntchito m'njira imeneyi, zambiri zilandiridwenso, ndipo aliyense wa iwo akuyenera kukambirana osiyana. M'nkhani yomweyi tikambirana za zojambula wotchuka ndi Monet, amene adayima pa kunayambira Impressionism ndipo chimodzi cha oyambitsa ake. mfiti Izi m'gulu la kusonkhanitsa zakale zikuluzikulu Paris, Berlin, St. Petersburg ndiponso mizinda ina ya m'dzikoli.

Kugulu bwino bwino chithunzi ngati a Claude Monet monga "Pond ndi maluwa madzi" ndi "Madzi Maluwa." chithunzicho zalembedwa njira zambiri ntchito pa mfundo zimenezi.

Van Gogh - wojambula, amene zojambula mtengo kwambiri mu dziko

Van Gogh Mwina wojambula kwambiri chopindulitsa mu mbiri ya anthu. cholowa wake ndi kuzungulira zojambula 800 ndi zojambula zambiri. Wotchuka Van Gogh kupenta - imeneyi mwina "mpendadzuwa". Amadziwika kuti mbuye zalembedwa 7 zino lifes chete. Koma mpaka pano ife ankakhala 5 basi ndipo aliyense kupenta Akuti ngati daimondi mtengo kwambiri. Tangoganizani: akukwaniritsidwa Van Gogi anakwanitsa kugulitsa ntchito yake mmodzi yekha, ndipo kuti makobidi chabe, ndipo tsopano mtengo wa zojambula wake pa yobetcherana zikufalikira zolembedwa zonse.

Wina wotchuka Van Gogh kupenta - wosangalatsa kudzikondweretsa kupenta "nyenyezi Night". Ntchito imeneyi ndi wotchuka kuti masiku ano Internet angapezeke ngakhale Baibulo makatuni. Van Gogh kupenta monga luso ndi choyambirira, ngakhale mu maonekedwe a zokoperazo za izo angaonedwe kalekale.

Maloto, anagwidwa pa lona

Ponena za zojambula wotchuka wa dziko, sikutheka osanenapo ntchito ya anayambitsa surrealism, Salvador Dali. Akukhulupirira kuti zojambula wotchuka kwambiri chithunzicho ndi "Khama yokumbukira", lomwe limasonyeza koloko mu mawonekedwe a zizindikiro za nthenda wopandamalire nthawi. M'chipululu gombe kutali limaimira wachabechabe, limene, mogwirizana ndi Dali, nthawi zambiri anamva mumtima mwake.

Komabe, izi si otchuka surrealist ntchito. zojambula No zochepa wotchuka tinganene kuti "Leda Atomica", "Premonition la Civil nkhondo," "Kutentha Giraffe", "Dream".

Wotchuka kwambiri Russian zojambula

Padakali m'nkhani ino ife amatchedwa zojambula aluso yachilendo. Pakali pano, pali zithunzi zambiri, olembedwa muno wathu wamkulu, amene ali otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse. Russia wakhala nthawizonse anali kwambiri aluso luso. Ndipo ngati ambiri a katswiri wa zojambulajambula kuona ndi maso yovuta mokwanira, chifukwa chakuti iwo ali kunja yoyambirira yeniyeni ya amisiri Russian, ife ganizirani za zinthu zochititsa chidwi ambiri mu dziko lathu, mwachitsanzo, mu Tretyakov Gallery mu Moscow.

Pano pali chithunzi cha Tretyakov Gallery, wotchuka kwambiri, monga ife timachitira, ndi kunja: "ngwazi zitatu" (V. Vasnetsov), "Ivan Grozny ndi mwana wake Ivan" (I. Repin), "ankakhala Chiwanda" (M. Vrubel) "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu (Ivanov)," Mtsikana ndi mapichesi "(I. Repin)," Morning m'nkhalango ya paini "(Shishkin)," Moscow pabwalo "(V. Polenov)," The Makwangwala Olimbana tafika " (A. Savrassov) ndi ena.

kustodievskie kukongola

Payokha amafuna kulankhula za ntchito ya dziko wotchuka Russian wojambula Boris Kustodiev - palibe munthu amene kotero zokoma ndi zokongola kukuuzani njira kupenta moyo Russian, kwachinsinsi Russian moyo. Ndani mwa ife amene kusirira kukongola kwa Samovar portly ( "Mkazi The Malonda pa Tiyi"), kapena unyamata zabwino ndi zonse blooded, dona wamng'ono mu bathhouse m'mudzi ( "Russian Venus").

Nawa mayina a ena ntchito otchuka wa wojambula choyambirira: "Zima", "chithunzi cha Fedora Shalyapina", "haymaking", "Malonda Mkazi ndi kugula awo," "Fair," "Bather", "Carnival".

"Black Square" ndi Malevich

Ife mwachidule za ena zojambula otchuka Russian, koma kungakhale kulakwa kuthetsa nkhani, palibe kulemba za m'gulu la mabuku ambiri wolongolola ndi maganizo amene anabwera kuunika kwa m'manja mwa mmodzi wa ojambula kwambiri Russian. Tikuyankhula zokhudza "Black Square" Kazimira Malevicha - woyambitsa wa gulu ndi chithunzi amatchedwa "Suprematism." Ngakhale Malevich kwa moyo wake kulenga, analemba zambiri zithunzi, koma dziko lonse wosaiwalika kwambiri ichi ntchito yake.

Pali Mabaibulo angapo "Black Square". Iwo Tingaone mu Tretyakov Gallery, ndi Hermitage ndi Russian Museum. Mtengo wa mankhwala amenewa ndi yaikulu, malinga ndi akatswiri, lero angafikire ku madola 80 miliyoni..

Pomaliza

Ndi Kalanga mu izi review lalifupi, sikunali kotheka kuti kulankhula za katswiri dziko mwa Rembrandt, Rubens, Karl Briullov, Pablo Picasso, Paulo Gauguin ndi ojambula zithunzi zabwino. ntchito zawo lotereli, chimodzimodzi.