Sayan kutalika mapiri. The chimbuzi wa Sayan Mountains

Mwina ambiri apaulendo ano kamodzi pa moyo zimene ankaganiza ndi msinkhu wa Sayan Mountains. Chifukwa izo zikhoza kukhala ndi chidwi? Childs, pali kufotokoza kuposa wina, zofunika kwambiri zimene tinganene kuti yachibadwa chidwi ndi chilakolako wofunitsitsa kukaona apamwamba mfundo zonse zotheka, ngati si dziko lonse, dziko lathu monga yochepa.

Nkhaniyi Cholinga kukuuzani za m'dera zodabwitsa Hrs a dziko, monga Sayan Mountains. owerenga tidzaphunzira zambiri zothandiza za gawo ili la dziko lathu anayankha kuti lalikulu.

zambiri

Sayan Mountains chithunzi, amene angapezeke pafupifupi kalozera aliyense pa zigawo Russian Federation, wapangidwa popiringidzana machitidwe awiri phiri kum'mwera kwa Siberia mu Region Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk Gawo, Republic of Tyva, Khakassia ndi Buryatia, komanso kumpoto kwa Mongolia m'malire Republic of Tuva ndi Buryatia.

mapiri zidzasankhidwa mwachirengedwe ku Western ndi kum'mawa Sayan, omwe ali zingapo zochititsa wapadera zake.

Mwachitsanzo, dera la kumadzulo ndi limagwirizana nalongosola zitunda popanda glaciations, limene lili pakati pa beseni intermountain. Pakuti kum'mawa kwa nsonga Mid-lililonse ndi oundana.

Sayan Mountains zambiri za mitsinje a Yenisei Mtsinje beseni.

malo otsetsereka okutidwa ndi nayonso lamapiri, kudutsa mu Alps Titafika pamalo. Pakati pa machitidwe phiri ndi kuchuluka kwa matendawa, mwa mawonekedwe osiyana ndi kuya. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri - Minusinsk beseni lomwe lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha akatswiri a zinthu zakale. Ambiri izo Tingaone kuti matalikidwe avareji misanje ya kum'mawa Sayan n'chosiyana kwambiri ndi zofanana index zitunda kumadzulo.

Kodi dzina la

Akatswiri a sayansi amanena kuti dzina la malo amenewa anali polemekeza eponymous Turkic fuko ankakhala Siberia, mu malire chapamwamba za Yenisei Mtsinje ndi Oka.

Sayan kenako anaphatikizidwa mafuko ena phiri ndipo anakhala mbali ya Republic of Tuva anthu. Chimodzimodzi mtundu gulu a mafuko Samoyed ndi owayimilira lace mapiri "Kegmen" pamene Buryats ndawapatsa iwo kovuta kwa khutu la munthu dzina zamakono - "Sardyk".

Za fuko limeneli mu mbiri awo anauza Russian Cossacks Tyumenets ndi Petrov, amene anapita mu 1615 ku malo Altyn Khan. Komanso m'mabuku Russian kuyenda kale mapiri ondandalikidwa pansi pa dzina Sayani, chimbuzi umene wapezeka pambuyo pake, 3491 m.

Features yophunzitsa

Tikumbukenso kuti kuyambira mfundo Geological maganizo, ndi mapiri wamng'ono, limene, mogwirizana ndi asayansi, panali pafupifupi 400 miliyoni. Zaka zapitazo.

Iwo anapanga miyala wakale amene kuphatikizapo chiyambi chiphala. Pamaso mapangidwe a mapiri panali nyanja, umboni ndi mabwinja anapeza unayambira algae.

Mapangidwe mpumulo phiri zinachitika mchikakamizo cha nyengo. Pakati wakale mapiri glacial munali ndi oundana kuti kuloza anasintha padziko lapansi, kupanga nsonga kukuzungulira, zigwa ndi otsetsereka. Pambuyo n'kumawotha kuwundana anasungunuka Anadzaza m'maenje ambiri ndi matendawa, mpumulo - pali nyanja ya chiyambi glacial.

malo Hrs

Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti msinkhu wa Sayan Mountains si monga kwambiri, choncho sakuyenera mwapadera. Tiyeni tiwone ngati izi ziri zoona, kukhala bwino ndi zizindikiro zawo m'mayiko ambiri.

Ambiri, izi ndi kupitiriza kwa phiri Altaiskaya phiri dongosolo kutumikira monga malire pakati China ndi Russia.

Mapiri zigwirizana phiri kufanana unyolo inakula mfundo. Ndi Altaiskaya phiri dongosolo Sayans zogwirizana msana Shabin davan. Kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa izo chimafikira Kaltanovsky lokwera lomwe abuts ndi Itemsky lokwera, kuyambira ku kum'mawa kwa kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Yenisei Mtsinje tributary. Kum'mwera Kaltanovsky lokwera zikugwirizana ndi m'tsinde Omaytura. Motsogozedwa easterly ku Malowa ndi Shabin davan Sayans ogaŵikana maunyolo awiri. Kumpoto Sayan kudziwika monga Cours-nayonso ndi South - Tuna-nayonso.

Kuchokera kumpoto Sayan kumtunda Sosnovka ndi Kyzyn-sous inyamuka phiri paphiri kulekanitsa Kantegir Mtsinje ndi Yenisei. Komanso, kudzera Yenisei mapiri Sayan amatenga unyolo angapo kumpoto-kum'mawa.

Wamkulu mtsinje Yenisei Siberia chimapita kupyola mapiri a khamu, otchedwa Western Sayan, kupanga akonzedwa a pamakomo.

M'mphepete lamanja la Yenisey phiri ikuyenda bwino m'chigawo Minusinsk chigawo. Sayan nthambi madera ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Mwa kutsanzira pafupi Yenissey Kyzyrsuksky lokwera kupanga ndimeyi yopapatiza ndi mathithi wamphamvu wotchedwa Large pakhomo. Komanso chitadutsa pakati pa mitsinje Kyzyr-Suk ndi Big Ou ku gombe Yenissei kumene Biryusinsk dera ndi adatchithisira kwa kutalika kwa mapazi 1600.

Kuwonjezera nthambi awiriwa Sayan mapiri umene umawalekanitsa mtsinje ndi Kazyr Kizira. Kenako Agul paphiri amapita kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo ndipo limagaŵikira mtsinje ndi Tagul Agul.

Kodi anali apamwamba phiri Sayan: nthano za Sayan Mountains

Mphamvu ya boulders, pafupifupi abutting kumwamba, nthawizonse kukhala chinthu kudzoza ndi kulemekeza ena ndi anthu a ku chigawo. Chifukwa chake m'nthano za anthu am'deralo mukhoza kukumana nthano ambiri odzipereka kwa chabe nkhaniyi. Tiyeni titenge woyanjana ndi ena mwa iwo.

Kale, milungu wakumwamba anatumizidwa padziko lapansi mwana wake Gesar kulimbana choipa. Masiku amenewo, onse milungu ndi ngwazi ankakhala kumapiri, ndi mpando wachifumu wa Gesar anali pa phiri lalitali. ngwazi wakumwamba yochotsa kupanda chilungamo ndi mizukwa, anachita anamanganso ambiri. ankhondo Wake atautembenuzira ku mwala ndi anatembenuka mu mapiri. Tsopano iwo amatchedwa Sayan, ndi apamwamba a iwo, mpando wake wachifumu - Munch-Sardyk. Nsonga ya Sayan Mountains maina wakale ndi waphimbika mu nthano. Ambiri a iwo anali anamanga miyala ndi zipika otchedwa "chisamaliro" kapena malo a kulambira nsembe kwa milungu.

Ambiri, Geser - nthano chithunzi, nampembedza ndi pafupifupi zonse mitundu ya anthu a ku Central Asia. Nthano ya mulungu ili lili m'zinthu zambiri Nkhani ndi ntchito za 22 000 mizere. phunziro akupitiriza epic kwa zaka zana, koma palibe deta weniweni. Ena amakhulupirira kuti Geser ndi wongopeka, pamene ena a maganizo kuti epic laperekedwa kwa Genghis Khan. Ndi zotheka kuti Gesar amamasulira Roma a "Kaisara" udindo (Caesar). Buryat Geseriade amafufuza chiphunzitso chimene epics anaonekera asanabadwe. Koma ambiri okonda amakhulupirira kuti mwambo wa Geser akuuza nkhani ya mtsogoleri wa asilikali amene anakhalako m'zaka za zana XI-XII.

Mfundo ndi zinsinsi za dzina la

Makolo a Tuvan ano ndi Turkic fuko Soyots amene ankakhala kale mapiri malire chapamwamba cha mitsinje Yenisei ndi Oka. Malinga Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe, "Soyot" amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa mawu "Choncho Yeon", ndipo ndi mtundu ichi otchedwa Choncho Yeon. Kenako mawu mutate mu Sayan. Mafuko lotchedwa phiri "Kegmen" kutanthauza "chotchinga wakumwamba". Buryats mapiri amenewa amatchedwa "Sardyk" omwe anamasuliridwa amatanthauza "gale-".

Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa Sayan Mountains anauza Russian Cossacks ndi Tyumenets Petrov, amene anapita mu 1615 pa Altyn-Khan. Sayan anali kudzagonjetsa woyamba Commissioner Pester poona mzere malire mu mapiri ndi kuyang'anira posts kumalire ndi zizindikiro mu 1778-1780 biennium. Sayan kafukufuku anayamba m'zaka za m'ma XIX.

mbali Geological

West Sayan ali ndi dongosolo apangidwe ndi mbali ya Caledonian lamba wa dera Paleozoic Altai-Sayan. Iwo umachokera ku kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa kumpoto kum'mawa mu mawonekedwe a ellipse, chimene ndi njanjira kumbali zonse ndi zolephera. Kapangidwe mkati ndi chifukwa kuipidwa chivundikiro-sharyazhnym mtundu dongosolo.

Ngati mumasonyeza kuipidwa ndi m'zigawozigawo nkhani, monga kutalika kwa Sayan Mountains, osanenapo kuti dongosolo phiri la kumadzulo lagawidwa m'zigawo zingapo tectonic (North-Sayan, Tsentralnosayanskuyu, Boruss ndi Kurtushubinskuyu). Mu North Sayansky lamba zikuphatikizapo volcanosedimentary m'dambo miyala Vendian-Mathanthwe ndi pawiri ophiolite mélange mabacteria.

Pakuti Kurtushibinskogo ndi Boruss mabacteria ankaikira wotsika Paleozoic quartzites ndi diabase ndi dongo-siliceous shale ndi ultramafic miyala. miyala awa a zovuta zosakaniza tectonic ndi nyanja. Tsentralnosayansky lamba imakhala ndi zovuta za dongosolo volcanogenic flyschoid Early Paleozoic lubwe ndi zigawo zambiri. Pakuti zone imeneyi amakhala ndi masango tectonic ndi kusintha osasamba wa miyala nyanja. Nthawi zina olekanitsidwa payokha Dzhebashskuyu zone kukhala zambiri wakale (Riphean) chiyambi ili pamodzi kumpoto kwa West Sayans. Iwo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi asintha mapiri flysch madipoziti.

Kum'mawa Sayan lagawidwa malingana ndi msinkhu wake. Mbali kumpoto kum'mawa, moyandikana ndi kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa nsanja Siberia, limabweretsa amakezana (Precambrian) mtundu, ndi kum'mwera kumadzulo - mng'ono (Caledonian) lembani. Woyamba tichipeza adasandulika miyala Precambrian, monga gneisses wakale ndi amphibolites. Chapakati Derbinskoj anticline ali ndi dongosolo la wamng'ono miyala - schist, mabo ndipo amphibolite. Kum'mwera Sayans gawo lopangidwa ndi miyala mapiri nyanja. Kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa East Sayan matendawa, orogenic anapanga, wopangidwa mwa chiphala miyala clastic.

mchere mapiri

Poganizira mwatsatanetsatane lingaliro la kumwamba, Sayan sangathe ankayimiridwa ngati munthu, chidutswa Geological chinthu. Chifukwa chiyani? Chinthu ndi gawo lawo kum'mawa kwa yaitali kuposa kumadzulo. Mwachitsanzo, pachimake pa gawo loyamba limatuluka pamwamba pa nyanja kuti 3.491 mamita (chimbuzi wa Sayan Mountains - Munch-Sardyk), pamene lachiwiri -. 3121 Only mamita Inde, ndi kutalika kwa kum'mawa kwa 400 Km kuposa kumadzulo.

Komabe, ngakhale kuti kusiyana, ubwino ndi kufunika kwa khamu ili kwa chuma cha dziko lathu ndi kovuta kuti Musaone. chakuti chiwerengero cha mitundu zothandiza kunachitika mindandanda awo, chidwi.

Mu West Sayan, pali miyala ya chitsulo, mkuwa, golide, chrysotile asibesitosi, molybdenum ndi tungsten ores. Chuma chachikulu cha migodi ya chuma mchere - chitsulo ndi chrysotile asibesitosi. Iron miyalayo chikukhudza hydrothermally mtundu metasomatic kugwirizana ndi gabbroides kuchuluka basicity ndi granites. Chrysotile asibesitosi amagwirizana ndi ultrabasites Mathanthwe.

Kum'mawa Sayan Mountains, kutalika amene chimaposa, wodziwika miyala ya golide, chitsulo, zotayidwa, titaniyamu miyala ndi zitsulo zina kawirikawiri, graphite, Mica, magnesite. Miyala ya chitsulo ankaimira ferruginous quartzite, chiphala-nyanja hematite-magnetite ndi magnetite ores. Zotayidwa ores anapereka bauxite, sillimanite ndi urtite Proterozoic shales. Ndi agroores ndi phosphates sekondale. Komanso apa pali madipoziti ka kukhudzana-metasomatic phlogopite ndi muscovite pegmatite. M'dera la nkhokwe khwatsi zimapezeka, graphite, yade, chrysotile asibesitosi, miyala ndi kumanga zipangizo.

Western Sayan

Kudera limeneli Ayala kumpoto-kum'mawa kwa East Sayan, kuchokera ku gwero la mtsinje Small Abakan kwa imachokera kwa mitsinje Kazyr ndi Uda. The chimbuzi cha lokwera la imatengedwa Kyzyl nayonso (3120 m) kuti ndi gawo Sayansky Kugaŵa lokwera.

Mountain malo ankaikira ya m'mapiri mtunda ndi otsetsereka ndi placers yaikulu ya miyala. Mountain nsonga kumadzulo kuchitiridwa ukhale wa ku 3000 m, kum'mawa, iwo ali pansi kwa 2000 m. Phazi la malo otsetsereka okutidwa ndi paini ndi deciduous nkhalango, amene ali pamwamba kusintha mu mdima coniferous nayonso.

tiers Upper pamalo okwera 2000 mamita ndi phiri nayonso ndi nyanja glacial, cirques ndi moraines. Pa dera la Western Sayan ndi Sayano-Shushenskaya Reserve.

Kum'mawa Sayan Mountains

Pamwamba m'dera yokutidwa ndi chisanu konse kusungunuka. The chimbuzi cha kum'mawa Sayans okha Sayan mapiri, monga tatchulazi, phiri-Sardyk Munch (3490 m), amene adjoined Okinskiy yachonde. Chigwacho pano ali ndi ya m'mapiri meadows, nkhalango deciduous ndi phiri Titafika pamalo muli anapanduka n'kupita m'matanthwe. Chigawo chapakati aumbike mwa msonkhano wa ranges angapo, ndi pachimake apamwamba (pachimake A chachikulu) ali ndi kutalika kwa 2980 m.

Topographers pachimake (3044 m) akapatsidwa pachimake wachiwiri kukula. oundana Major zili nsonga zikulu. Komanso, mu East Sayan Mountains pali "chigwa cha mapiri" ndi kuda ntchito chiphala, amene ali m'dera la chiphala chamoto. mpweya chiphalaphala Recent anali pafupifupi zaka 8,000 zapitazo. dziko wotchuka "Stolby" Nature Reserve lili kum'mawa Sayan Mountains.

Kuona mu Sayan Mountains

Mfundo zomwe onse pamwamba, n'zosadabwitsa kuti msinkhu wa Sayan Mountains amakopeka apaulendo ambiri ochokera ngodya zosiyanasiyana za dziko lapansi. Aliyense amafuna kumva ngati mbali ya chinthu chachikulu ndi lalikulu.

Komabe, apa likuitanirabe osati msinkhu wokha, Sayan mapiri ndi wapadera nayonso mitunda ndi nyanja glacial, mathithi ndiponso mitsinje, kulenga malo apadera.

The kutali kwambiri ndi dera lopanda anthu ochuluka a mapiri ankaona chapakati Sayan (Tofalariya). Pakati pa Western Sayan nayonso zobisika chachibadwidwe "Stone Town" kumene miyala amafanana zotsalira za nyumba wakale ndi mipanda. Kum'mawa Sayan kudziwika Shumak mchere akasupe ndi "chigwa cha mapiri."

Makamaka wokongola m'dera Munch-Sardyk ndi Oka yachonde mu July, pamene mapiri okutidwa ndi makalapeti zokongola poppies, rhododendron, edelweiss, golide muzu ndi zomera zina. Pali m'zigwa zambiri, mitsinje, nyanja ndi mitsinje zimapezeka mbawala ndi musk. Nature Munch-Sardyk pafupifupi osafikiridwa ndi munthu. Sam Ridge ili m'malire a mayiko a Russia ndi Mongolia, ndi ulendo m'dera zimenezi zimatheka ndi chilolezo cha utumiki malire, mwinamwake kutalika kwa mapiri Sayan akhoza chidwi okha kuchokera kunja.