Kulumikizitsidwa kulankhula - izo ... chikugwirizana kulankhula ana sukulu: chitukuko ndi mapangidwe

Azidzidalira, khama kupeza malo awo mmadera - onsewa mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi kakulidwe ka mawu, luso kufotokoza maganizo awo molondola komanso momveka bwino. kulankhula Kulumikizidwa - kuyanjana ndi makombo, kusonyeza mutu yeniyeni ndi kuchitira ndi tanthauzo limodzi.

Pa kubadwa kwa mwana anaika makings wa kulankhula. Ntchito yaikulu ya akulu ndi aphunzitsi - yoyenera kukhala nawo. Ndipotu mwana anapanga kulankhula coherent - chinsinsi tsogolo chitukuko bwino munthuyo. Kodi mfundo imeneyi? Kulumikizitsidwa kulankhula - ndi luso zopanga ndi kufotokoza maganizo awo.

Mitundu ya kulankhula

Pali mitundu iwiri waukulu wa kulankhula coherent:

• Monologue.
• Dialogic.

Choyamba kumafuna luso lalikulu kulankhulana. Mmene molondola anafotokoza mfundo zimadalira mmene ena kumvetsa izo. Owerenga amafuna kukumbukira ntchito bwino ndi liwiro kulankhula lomveka kuganiza kuti nkhaniyo adawomba zonse ndi bwino.

Ngati kukambirana si zambiri zovuta wapakamwa patsogolo ntchito. Ilibe bwino tsatanetsatane. Malangizo kukambirana siyana amangosankha kwina kulikonse.

luso Bookmark kulankhula

Mapangidwe kulankhula coherent chikuchitika mu magawo angapo.

Gawo 1 - kukonzekera, kuchokera 0 1 chaka. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mwana akukumana ndi phokoso. sabata chake choyamba, monga amamvetsera mawu wamkulu, pamene iye anapanga chabe ya phokoso iwo anaperekeranji kulira choyamba. Kenako amapezeka babble, chomwe mawu mosintha analankhula.

Pa nthawi yomweyo zikusonyeza zinthu mwana ndipo anaitana amakhala phokoso lawo. Mwachitsanzo: koloko - bango-tock, Vodicka - kukapanda kuleka-kukapanda kuleka. Kenako, mwana atamvetsera dzina la nkhani ndi kuyang'ana pa iye. Pakutha chaka choyamba cha crumb ndi akukamba syllables payekha.

2 siteji - chisanadze sukulu, ku umodzi atatu. Choyamba, mwana akunena mawu osavuta kwa onse nkhani ndi kuchitapo kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "kupereka" mwana umayimira ndi phunziro ndi chilakolako chake, ndi pempho, ndipo chotero mvetsa anthu ake apamtima. Patapita nthawi zina, pali ziganizo yosavuta, mwana amayamba molondola kwambiri zakukhosi kwawo. Kwa zaka zitatu mu kulankhula ntchito prepositions. Umayamba zofanana milandu ndi mtundu.

3 siteji - chisanadze sukulu, kuyambira zaka 3 mpaka 7. Nthawiyi ndi zambiri sadziwa mapangidwe abwino. zaka pafupi 7 anapanga ndi zida amapilira, momveka zikumveka bwino. The mwana amayamba mwaluso kumanga ziganizo, izo kale ndipo nthawi zonse kusinthidwa mawu.

4 siteji - kusukulu, kuyambira zaka 7 mpaka 17. Mbali yaikulu ya chitukuko chinenero panthawi imeneyi, poyerekeza ndi m'mbuyomu - ndi kuloŵerera kwake kwamphamvu. Ana amaphunzira kusanthula phokoso, kuphunzira malamulo kalembedwe kwa kupanga ziganizo. The otsogolera limabweretsa kulemba.

magawo awa si ovuta omveka bwino. Aliyense wa iwo atuluka bwino nthawi yochepa.

Development wa kulankhula coherent ana sukulu

Pambuyo chiyambi cha kuyenda m'munda mwana kagwiridwe, ndi izo - ndi mtundu wa kulankhula. Popeza asanakwanitse zaka 3 mwana nthawi zonse pafupi ndi anthu kumuyandikira, kulankhulana wamangidwa pa pempho lake achikulire. Pali dialogical mtundu wa kulankhula: akulu kufunsa mafunso, ndi mayankho mwana. Kenako mwanayo ali kuuza chinachake, kusonyeza maganizo awo pambuyo kuyenda ndi, ophunzira kale anthu pafupi osati. Akatero amayamba anaika monologue mtundu wa kulankhula.

Zonse za izo chikugwirizana. Komabe, kugwirizana kupanga ndi chitukuko cha kusintha. Choimira tiana kulankhula - amatha kulankhula kuti anamva zimaonekeratu pamaziko a okhutira yake.

zigawo wa kulankhula

Iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu zigawo ziwiri: situational ndi contextual. Mosanena kapena kufotokoza zinthu, ayenera kumanga monologue kuti anthuwo anali bwinobwino chimene chinali kuchitika akulankhula. ana sanachite poyamba amatha kufotokoza zinthu, popanda kutchula zochita konkire. Wamkulu, kumvetsera nkhani, n'zovuta kumvetsa zimene kucheza popanda kudziwa zinthu. Choncho, woyamba kupangidwa situational chikugwirizana kulankhula sanayambebe kupita kusukulu. Pankhaniyi, kwathunthu kukusalani pamaso pa chigawo contextual n'zosatheka, chifukwa nthaŵi kulankhula nthawi cholukanalukana.

kulankhula Contextual

Popeza katswiri chigawo situational, mwanayo amayamba amaphunzira zili. Choyamba chinenero cha ana ndi zonse akuti "iye", "iye", "iwo". Zikatero si bwino amene ndendende ali. Nalo nkhani ntchito mfundo za ' "ndipo mwachangu wodzilemekeza manja: mikono chimasonyeza ndi zimene Mwachitsanzo lalikulu, ang'onoang'ono. The peculiarity wa kulankhula izi ndi kuti maonekedwe kuposa chionetsedwe.

Pang'ono ndi mwana amayamba kumanga kulankhula nkhani. Umboni ndi kutha kwa ambiri akuti foni ndi kutibwezera ndi manauni. Amaonekera ndi logicality zikugwirizana ya mwamuna woganiza.

Simungathe kuchidziwa malumikizidwe ndipo alibe maganizo. Ndipotu, izo zimatengera maganizo. Kulumikizitsidwa kulankhula - mogwirizana ndi zomveka m'nyimboyo mokweza ndi amaphatikizidwa mu ziganizo grammatically zolondola.

Mwa mayendedwe a mwana ndi kumvetsetsa mmene iye anayamba nzeru nanga mawu pano. Ndi kuchepa kwa mawu ngakhale mwachidziwikire bwino anapanga lingaliro chifukwa mavuto mawu mokweza. Choncho, ayenera mwatsatanetsatane zovuta: kaganizidwe, kukumbukira, ndi mawu wolemera. Chirichonse ayenera kukhala ogwirizana.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya mapangidwe kulankhula coherent

Development wa kulankhula coherent ana kumachitika mwa zosiyanasiyana njira. The akuluakulu ndi:

• Chitukuko cha luso kukambirana.
• Retelling.
• A nkhani zithunzi.
• Buku la nkhani lofotokoza.

Yoyambirira kukambirana, amene akutukuka mwana - ndi kukambirana. Ana amaphunzitsidwa:

• Mvetserani ndi kumvetsa mawu a wamkulu.
• Kucheza ndi ana ena.
• Kumanga kukambirana ndi thandizo la mayankho a mafunso.
• mawu Bwerezani ziganizo kwa akuwasamalira lapansi.

Ana zaka 4-7 amaphunzitsidwa njira yosavuta yomanga ndi monologue.

Retelling zimafuna chisamaliro mwanayo ndi opirira. Choyamba pali pokonzekera retelling, ndiye mphunzitsi amati lemba, ndiyeno anawo kuyankha mafunso okhudzana ndi perusal zakuthupi. Okonzeka retelling dongosolo, ndiye mphunzitsi kuwerenga nkhani kachiwiri ndipo akuyamba retelling. Ana a pulayimale zaka sukulu kuchita pafupifupi chilichonse pamodzi ndi namkungwi. Ana okulirapo zikukwaniritsidwa okha dongosolo retelling. Potero akuthandiza kugwirizana logic ndi kulankhula.

Pictures - chida cha zamalumikizidwe

coherent kuphunzira kulankhula chimachitika mothandizidwa ndi zithunzi. Nthano zithunzi facilitates zonse palokha retelling. Chifukwa njira ya nkhani zotsatirazi mu mawerengero alibe kukumbukira chirichonse. Kwa zaka m'sukulu za pulayimale ntchito payekha Zithunzi nzika zawo. Ana mafunso mphunzitsi amafotokoza fano.

Ndi zaka 4 mwa kuphunzitsa mwana kuti nkhani ya chithunzi. Zimenezi zimafuna kukonzekera ndi:

• Kuwona zithunzi.
• Mayankho a mafunso mphunzitsi.
• Nkhani ya aphunzitsiwo.
• nkhani ana.

M'kupita kwa nkhani mphunzitsi auza mawu akuthandiza. Iwo oyang'anira malangizo olondola a mawu. Ndi zaka 5, ana amaphunzitsidwa kuti dongosolo ndi kumuuza. Mu zaka 6-7, mwana akhoza kuganizira chithunzi chakumbuyo, fotokozani malo, zazing'ono koyamba, mfundo. Kulankhula pa fanolo, mwana, zochokera fano ayenera kudziwa chomwe chinachitika pamaso zochitika zasonyezedwa ndi angayambe pambuyo.

Unikirani mafunso anu popereka storyline kosaoneka malire a fano. Pamene nkhani ya mwanayo pofuna zolondola kalembedwe chiganizo dongosolo, chifukwa mawu okwanira.

chidwi ziperekedwe kwa nkhani ya zithunzi malo. Popeza ndiye pamafunika luso logwiritsa ntchito mawu mophiphiritsa, kudziyerekezera ndi ntchito ofanana ndi otsutsana nawo.

Nkhani-kufotokoza

Chofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mawu coherent ana sukulu kusewera ndi luso kufotokoza chinthu yeniyeni, vuto, nthawi ya chaka.

Mu m'badwo sukulu, ana amaphunzitsidwa kuchita nkhani, ikulongosola za zizichita. Namkungwi kufunsa mafunso ndi amatsogolera owerenga. Kali mawu waukulu kiyi, amene anagwira kufotokoza: matoyi kukula, chuma, mtundu. Akulu mwanayo amakhala, m'pamenenso palokha iye akutero. Yambani kuchita kufotokoza poyerekeza zinthu ndi zinthu zamoyo, awiri zinthu zosiyana. Phunzitsani ana kupeza makhalidwe ofanana ndi zotsutsana awo. Analemba Nkhani nkhani monga mwa iwo zinthu anafotokoza.

Komanso, ana pa zaka mkulu sukulu kunena nthano zimene zinkamuchitikira, kufotokoza zinthu ndi iwo, zili ankaona zojambula.

Njira ya kulankhula coherent - mnemonics

njira zachokera ntchito zithunzi. Nkhani zonse, ndakatulo ndiyotengera images, kenako inatenga nkhani yonse. njira zachokera yakuti ana zaka sukulu yaitali kudalira kukumbukira zithunzi kuposa Makutu. Maphunziro anachita ndi mnemodorozhek, mnemotablits machenjelero ndinso zitsanzo.

Zizindikiro, zimene encode mawu, mwapafupi monga zotheka nkhani kulankhula. Mwachitsanzo, akulankhula za ziweto, pafupi ndi zithunzi za zinyama utoto nyumba, ndi zinyama - nkhalango.

phunziro amachokera kwa yosavuta zovuta lapansi. Ana ankachitira mnemokvadraty kenako - mnemodorozhki zinapanga chikhalidwe, phindu limene akudziwa. Ntchito chikuchitika mu masiteji:

• Kuphunzira tebulo.
• Information 'kala' ikusonyeza, kusintha kwa nkhani zokambidwa pa zithunzi mwawo.
• Retelling.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mnemonics kuloŵerera wa kulankhula ana ndi mwachilengedwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo ali ndi mawu abwino ndi luso kuchita coherent monologue.

a misinkhu Mgwirizano

Pambuyo angagwiritsire ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana ntchito aphunzitsi awo onani mlingo wa kulankhula coherent ana. Ngati ena a chitukuko ndi pa mlingo m'munsi, ayenera kugonjera njira zina kuti, pochita zinthu ndi ana amenewa adzakhala aluso.

N'zothandiza mawu a ana sukulu anawagawa magulu atatu:

• Mkulu mlingo - mwanayo ali mawu lalikulu, grammatically komanso molondola kumanga ziganizo molondola. Kodi retell nkhaniyo, fotokozani kuyerekezera zinthu. Komabe, mawu ake mogwirizana, chidwi okhutira.
• Mid - mwana amanga umafuna zosangalatsa, ali ndi kulemba mkulu. Mavuto pomanga nkhani pa storyline kuperekedwa, ndiye iye akhoza kulakwitsa, koma pamene akulu kuzipenya angathe kuthetsa vutolo.
• Low mlingo - mwana amavutika popanga nkhani ya storylines. mawu ake anali incoherent ndi n'kosathandiza analola zolakwa zamalankhulidwe chifukwa cha vuto la ubale nyumbayi. Pali zolakwika kalembedwe.

Pomaliza

Mapangidwe kulankhula coherent wa ana - mosalekeza ndondomeko maphunziro mphunzitsi kudzera njira zosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a Masewero. Chifukwa, mwanayo amayamba coherent ndi grammatically zolondola kufotokoza malingaliro awo, kuchititsa monologue, ntchito zipangizo zolembalemba.