The bowa Penicillium: kapangidwe, katundu, ofunsira

Nkhungu bowa Penicillium - zomera ambiri m'chilengedwe. Adzaupereka kwa ungwiro kalasi. Pa nthawi, pali zoposa 250 mitundu ya izo. Golden pinitsill, osiyana migwirizano yamasukulu wobiriwira nkhungu, n'kofunika makamaka. mtundu uwu ntchito kupanga medicament a. "Penicillin" pamaziko a bowa umathandiza kuthetsa kwambiri mabakiteriya.

malo

Penicillium - multicellular bowa, limene nthaka ndi malo achilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri, zomera Tingaone mu mawonekedwe a buluu kapena zobiriwira nkhungu buildup. Chimakula zosiyanasiyana magawo. Komabe nthawi zambiri kumachitika padziko zosakaniza masamba.

Kapangidwe ka bowa wa

Koma dongosolo, ndi bowa Penicillium ofanana kwambiri Aspergillus, amenenso wa banja bowa yankhungu. The mycelium vegetative za mbewu momveka bwino komanso nthambi. Amakhala kawirikawiri ambiri maselo. Kuyambira Mucor bowa Penicillium osiyana mycelium. Iye multicellular. Koma mycelial Mucor, iye tating'ono.

Tumizani kapena Penicillium oyenerera padziko gawo lapansi, kapena mkatikati. Ku mbali iyi ya bowa achoke chilili ndi kumanga conidiophores. Similar formations, makamaka mu gawo chapamwamba ndi kupanga maburashi nthambi amene akuchita utoto pores tating'ono. Iwo conidia. Maburashi zomera, nayenso akhoza kukhala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• akamakonda;
• atatu-tiered;
• Anachotsa;
• single gawo.

A mtundu winawake wa Penicillium mitundu ya matabwa conidia, ndipo amatchedwa coremium. Kubalana wa bowa zichitidwe ndi kafalitsidwe wa spores.

N'chifukwa chiyani tiziromboti izi

Parasitic bowa (Penicillium ndi Mucor) zoyambitsa spoilage, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pa kukula kwa nsalu ndi nyama chiyambi masamba. Izi zimachitika ambiri michere. Tikumbukenso kuti nkhungu ❖ kuyanika pa masamba gawo lapansi ungadzakhazikitsidwe imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya bowa. Mu mtundu uwu wa amagetsi ikuchitika ndi suction zigawo wokonzeka organic. Pachifukwa ichi, imatengedwa ndi tiziromboti Penicillium.

Ntchito ngati kuvulaza anthu

Anthu ambiri amaona kuti Penicillium bowa - mabakiteriya. Komabe, siziri choncho. Ena mitundu ya zomera ndi katundu tizilombo ndi ulemu zamoyo nyama ndi anthu. kuwonongeka kwambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi imene nkhungu bowa zimakhudza ulimi ndi chakudya mankhwala, tamaliza kuswana mkati iwo. Ngati si kusungidwa bwino Penicillium zimakhudza chakudya. Ngati akudyetsedwa nyama, si analetsa imfa. Ndipotu poop amenewa amasonkhana ambiri poizoni kuti kungasokoneze thanzi.

Ntchito makampani mankhwala

Izo zikhoza kukhala zothandiza bowa Penicillium? Mabakiteriya amene amayambitsa matenda ena tizilombo, osati kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala amene amapangidwa nkhungu. Ena mitundu mwa zomera ankagwiritsa ntchito mu chakudya ndi mankhwala makampani chifukwa cha luso lawo kubala michere. Mankhwala "Penicillin" omwe akulimbana ndi mitundu yambiri ya bakiteriya, kuwapeza Penicillium notatum ndi Penicillium chrysogenum.

Tikumbukenso kuti kupanga mankhwala chikuchitika mu magawo angapo. Kuyamba bowa ndi wakula. Chifukwa chaichi chimanga phompho mowa. Nkhanizi limachititsa kuti kupanga bwino penicillin. Kenako, bowa ndi wakula ndi kumiza mu wapadera chikhalidwe fermenter. A buku la malita zikwi zingapo. Kumeneko, zomera zikukangalika kuchulukana.

Pambuyo kuchotsa sing'anga madzi kuchokera bowa wa Penicillium amaloŵamo processing zina. Pa nthawi imeneyi njira mchere ntchito ndi organic solvents kupanga. zomangira kulola kupeza mankhwala komaliza: potaziyamu ndi sodium wochuluka mchere wa penicillin.

Amatha kuumba ndi adzasowa chakudya

Ndiyamika ena katundu wa bowa Penicillium chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makampani chakudya. Zina zosiyanasiyana zomera ntchito tchizi kupanga. Monga ulamuliro, ndi Penicillium Roquefort ndi Penicillium camemberti. Izi mitundu ya amatha kuumba ntchito kupanga tchizi monga "Stiltosh", "Gorntsgola", "Roquefort" ndi zina zotero. Izi "wonyezimira" mankhwala ndi dongosolo lotayirira. Kuti tchizi mitundu imeneyi amakhala ndi fungo yeniyeni ndi maonekedwe.

Tikumbukenso kuti chikhalidwe cha Penicillium ntchito pa nthawi inayake kupanga mankhwala amenewa. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa tchizi "Roquefort" ntchito mtundu wa nkhungu Penicillium Roquefort. Mtundu wa bowa akhoza zikupitiriza ngakhale curd misa mwachisawawa ting'onoting'ono basi. nkhungu ili bwino analekerera woipa otsika mpweya. Komanso, bowa ndi kugonjetsedwa zili bwino salt mu sing'anga acidic.

Penicillium angathe kuonetsetsa michere lipolytic ndi proteolytic zimene zimakhudza mafuta mkaka ndi mapuloteni. Mchikakamizo cha zinthu zimenezi tchizi amakhala friable, oiliness, ndi fungo yeniyeni ndi kukoma.

Kumapeto kwa

Penicillium bowa katundu sizinachitike kufufuza bwinobwino. Asayansi zonse kafukufuku latsopano. Zimenezi zimathandiza kupeza katundu watsopano wa nkhungu. Ntchito imeneyi zimathandiza kuphunzira mankhwala a kagayidwe. Mu m'tsogolo, adzagwiritsa ntchito bowa Penicillium kuchita.