Dissimilation - ichi ... Mapazi dissimilation

Dissimilation - kuipidwa mankhwala zosiyanasiyana zimene pali kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono mankhwala zovuta organic ndi chosavuta. Zimenezi limodzi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu, zomwe ntchito ATP kaphatikizidwe.

Dissimilation mu zamoyo

Dissimilation zimachitika mosiyana kuloŵerera. Monga kuyambira zinthu zikhoza kuwonongeka, zinthu mkati zidulo, mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. A malonda chomaliza - madzi, mpweya woipa ndi ammonia. The kuwonongeka mankhwala a thupi nyama ndi kudzikundikira pang'onopang'ono akatulutsidwa kunja. Ndipo mbewu mpweya woipa adzamasulidwa pang'ono ndi kwathunthu amoniya ntchito mu ndondomeko ya kuloŵerera, kutumikira monga chinthu choyambira cha biosynthesis mankhwala organic.

Ubale dissimilation ndi kuloŵerera akulola zimakhala za thupi ndi zonse zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, kwa masiku 10 albumin kusinthidwa magazi maselo a anthu theka, ndipo kwa miyezi 4 buluzi erythrocytes onse. mphamvu chiŵerengero cha awiri njira kagayidwe kachakudya zosiyana kumatengera zifukwa zambiri. Izi siteji ya chitukuko cha chamoyo, ndipo m'badwo ndi boma thupi. Pa kukula ndi chitukuko cha kuloŵerera thupi chichitika, chifukwa mawonekedwe maselo atsopano, zimakhala ndi ziwalo ndi zosiyanasiyana awo, ndiye thupi misa umachuluka. Pankhani ya ndondomeko pathologies ndi kusala dissimilation ukulamulira kuloŵerera ndi kuchepetsedwa thupi.

Gulu la zamoyo m'chilengedwe dissimilation

zamoyo zonse zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri, malingana ndi zinthu zimene anapeza dissimilation. Ndi thupi ndi anaerobic mabakiteriya. Woyamba amafuna ufulu mpweya, kufunika yamasika osati kuyesa moyo. Pa anaerobic dissimilation ndi chimaposa nayonso mphamvu, amene ndi mpweya-free enzymatic chimbudzi cha organic chosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, lactic kapena nayonso mphamvu mowa.

Masiteji dissimilation mu zamoyo aerobic: siteji kukonzekera

Pogawanikana pamawere zinthu organic mu aerobes ikuchitika masitepe atatu. Pa aliyense wa iwo pali angapo omwe zochita enzymatic.

Gawo loyamba - kukonzekera. Udindo waukulu pa siteji ili mu zamoyo multicellular michere m'mimba ili kapepala kakuti m'mimba. Mu unicellular - enzyme lysosomal. Pa tsiku loyamba gawo mapuloteni kuwola ndinso kubwerera amino zidulo, mafuta kupanga glycerol ndi mafuta zidulo, polysaccharides linakwiriridwa mu monosaccharides, mkati nucleotides acid.

glycolysis

Gawo lachiwiri la dissimilation - glycolysis. Zimachitika popanda oxygen. The kwachilengedwenso chilli glycolysis ndi kuti chimaimira chiyambi cha akuwaza ndi shuga makutidwe ndi okosijeni chifukwa mu mphamvu ufulu kusungidwa mu mawonekedwe a mamolekyulu awiri ATP. Zimachitika pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana zotsatizana amene akukhala zotsatira yomaliza ya mapangidwe kam'bulu kamodzi ka tinthu awiri shuga a pyruvate ndi yofanana ATP. Ndi mu mawonekedwe a adenosine triphosphate kusungidwa mphamvu gawo limene anapambulwa chifukwa glycolysis ena kupezeka udzakhala mu mawonekedwe a kutentha. zochita mankhwala glycolysis: S6N12O6 2ADF + + + 2F → 2S3N4O3 2ATF.

Mu zikhalidwe za kuperewera kwa mpweya chomera maselo ndi yisiti maselo piruvirat unagawika zigawo ziwiri: mowa ethyl ndi mpweya. Izi ndi nayonso mphamvu mowa.

Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu anamasulidwa pa glycolysis sikokwanira zamoyo zimene kupuma mpweya. N'chifukwa chake, anthu ndi nyama pa mkulu zofuna kukhetsa thukuta mu minofu ndi apanga asidi lactic, akutumikira monga kubwerera mphamvu zoyendetsera ndipo amasonkhana mu mawonekedwe a lactate. Mbali khalidwe la ndondomeko imeneyi ndi zikamera wa kupweteka minofu.

siteji mpweya

Dissimilation - ndi zovuta ndondomeko, mpweya ndi gawo lachitatu komanso tichipeza zochita ziwiri mosalekeza. Tikuyankhula zokhudza za Krebs mkombero ndi phosphorylation zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni.

Pa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa piruvirata mpweya kupuma mankhwala komaliza, amene CO2 ndi H2O. Izi akumasula mphamvu kusungidwa mu mawonekedwe a 36 ATP mamolekyulu. Ndiye, mphamvu yomweyo amapereka kaphatikizidwe zinthu organic mu chophimba pulasitiki. Chisinthiko yatsoka stepi ino chifukwa kudzikundikira mpweya maselo mu mlengalenga ndi maonekedwe a zamoyo aerobic.

Malo phosphorylation zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni (kupuma ma) ndi zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mkati mwa mitochondria, amene ali transporter maselo onyamula mayendedwe a ma elekitironi kuti mpweya maselo. The mphamvu opangidwa pa siteji iyi akakufunsani pang'ono mu mawonekedwe a kutentha, ndi zina amapita ku mapangidwe ATP.

Dissimilation mu zamoyo - ndi kuwombola mphamvu, anachita umene uli motere: S6N12O6 + 6O2 → 6SO2 + + 6N2O 38ATF.

Choncho, dissimilation - mndandanda wa zochita zikuchitika chifukwa mankhwala organic kuti kalero apanga ndi khungu, ndi mpweya wa ufulu, analowa ku malo kunja pa kupuma.