Sunni Islam - ndi imodzi mwa mbali yaikulu ya Islam. Sunni: malongosoledwe, makhalidwe ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Mwina palibe chipembedzo zina zake osati kupewa kugawika zinachititsa kuti pakhale wa mumaganiza watsopano mwa chiphunzitso limodzi. Islam yotero: pali tsopano theka la dazeni mbali yake yaikulu kuti chikanachitika panthawi zosiyanasiyana ndiponso m'mikhalidwe yosiyana.

M'zaka za m'ma VII, yachiwiriyo ziphunzitso unagawanika Islam: Sunni ndi Shia. Izo zinachitika chifukwa cha umboni nkhani ya ulamuliro kutengerapo. vuto adanyamuka nthawi yomweyo kuti pambuyo pa imfa ya Mneneri Muhammad, sanadzisiyira malangizo alionse pa mphambu izi.

Funso la mphamvu

Muhammad imatengedwa otsiriza a aneneri Zavumbulutsidwa kwa anthu amene akhazikitsa kugwirizana pakati pa kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, Mulungu ndi munthu. Kuyambira Islam, mphamvu aboma zinali limodzi ku chipembedzo, malo awa awiri ankatsogoleredwa ndi munthu mmodzi - mneneri.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Mneneri ammudzi unagawika m'madera angapo, m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti kusankha funso la kufalitsa mphamvu. Shiism anapereka mfundo cholowa. Sunni Islam - m'deralo yakuti kuvota, kusankha mtsogoleri wachipembedzo ndi wakudziko.

Shiism

Shiites analimbikira kuti boma likhale ndi ufulu wa magazi, kuyambira yekha wachibale yakhudza chisomo chopatsika pa mporofeti. oimira panopa osankhidwa msuweni latsopano Imam Mohammed ndi kusanjika limalonjeza kuti abwezeretse chilungamo m'deralo. Malinga ndi nthano, Muhammad wotchedwa Shiites amene amatsatira m'bale wake.

Ali Ibn Abu Talib akulamulira zaka zisanu zokha ndipo sanathe pa nthawi ino kukwaniritsa patsogolo noticeable, monga ulamuliro wapamwamba kunali koyenera kuteteza ndi kuteteza. Komabe, pakati pa Shiite Imam Ali amakonda kutchuka kwambiri ndi ulemu: otsatira malangizo anawonjezera kuti Quran surah odzipereka kwa Mneneri Muhammad ndi Imam Ali ( "nyali ziwiri"). Chimodzi mwa magulu Shiite mwachindunji amalambira Ali, ndi ngwazi ya nkhani wowerengeka ambiri ndiponso nyimbo.

Iwo amakhulupirira Shiites

Pambuyo pa kupha woyamba Shiite Imam mphamvu anasamutsa kwa ana a Ali mwana wa Muhammad. likuwayenera zinali zomvetsa chisoni komanso Komabe, iwo anaika maziko a Shiite Imams Mafumu, omwe analipo isanafike zaka za m'ma XII.

Mdani wa Sunni, Shia, analibe mphamvu za ndale, koma mizu mu mizimu. Pambuyo mofulumira wa Imam khumi a chiphunzitso cha "Obisika Imam", amene adzabwerera ku dziko lapansi monga Khristu Orthodox.

Panopa Shi'ism ndi chipembedzo cha boma la Iran - chiwerengero cha otsatira ndi 90% ya chonse cha anthu. Mu Iraq ndi Yemen, pafupifupi theka la anthu kutsatira Shi'ism. N'zochititsa chidwi zimakhudza Shiites komanso Lebanon.

Sunnism

Sunni Islam - ichi ndi Njira yachiwiri kuthetsa nkhani mphamvu Islam. Oimira gulu limeneli atamwalira Muhammad kunena kuti kasamalidwe muzochitika zonse yauzimu ndi yamoyo wakudziko ayenera anaikira mu manja a Ummah - dera achipembedzo umasankha pakati mtsogoleri wawo.

Sunni ulema - ndi Atetezi kwa ziphunzitso - zosiyana achangu kutsatira miyambo, magwero zolembedwa. Choncho, pamodzi ndi Qur'an kufunika kwakukulu ndi Sunnah - akonzedwa a malemba za mneneri wotsiriza wa moyo. Pamaziko a malemba awa ulema oyambirira apanga malamulo, miyambi, zotsatirazi kutanthauza kusunthira njira yoyenera. Sunni Islam - chipembedzo cha buku ndi mwambo wa subordination wa anthu opembedza.

Panopa Sunni - zotchuka kwambiri mu Islam, kuphimba pafupifupi 80% cha ma Muslims onse.

sunna

Kodi Sunni, zidzakhala zosavuta kumvetsa ngati inu muyang'ana pa chiyambi cha mawu. Sunnis - otsatira Sunnah.

Sunnah kwenikweni likumasuliridwa kuti "chitsanzo," "chitsanzo" ndi kwathunthu amatchedwa "Sunnah Mtumiki wa Allah." Ndi malemba olembedwa ongokhala nkhani za mawu ndiponso zochita za Muhammad. Zimagwirira ntchito, izo likugwirizana ndi Qur'an, monga tanthauzo lenileni la Sunnah - fanizo la miyambo ndi wa masiku amakedzana mfulu. Sunni Islam - chabe zotsatirazi mfundo za Mulungu anakhazikitsa m'malemba akale.

Sunnah adzalemekezedwa mu Islam, pamodzi ndi Korani, maphunziro ake wapatsidwa udindo mu maphunziro azaumulungu. Shiites - yekha Muslim - amakana ulamuliro wa Sunnah.

Sunni otaya

Kale mu VIII atumwi, kusiyana pankhani ya chikhulupiriro, anapanga mizere iwiri Sunni: murji'ah ndi Mu'tazilites. M'zaka za m'ma IX, apo wakhala kayendedwe Hanbali, amene amasiyana osati potsatira kwambiri mzimu komanso kalata ya miyambo ya chipembedzo. Hanbalis anapereka kuchuluka bwino chovomerezeka ndi impermissible, komanso malamulo kwathunthu moyo wa Asilamu. Choncho iwo akwaniritsa chiyero cha chikhulupiriro.

Mtsogolomo mpaka Tsiku la Chiweruzo

Murji'ah - "otkladyvateli" - sanali kusankha funso la mphamvu, ndi kuperekedwa kwa nachiyika pa kukumana ndi Allah. otsatira otaya Kutsindika anachita pa chowonadi cha chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu, chimene ndi chizindikiro cha Muslim woona. Malinga ndi iwo, Muslim akanali yemweyo ngakhale pambuyo tchimo ngati kusungabe chikhulupiriro oyera Allah. Komanso, tchimo lakelo ndi wosatha; kuti adzawombola masautso ake ndi kusiya gehena.

Masitepe oyamba a zaumulungu

Mutazality - amu - anauka kwa kayendedwe murji'ah ndipo anali woyamba mu mapangidwe zamulungu Chisilamu. Zambiri za otsatira anali wophunzira Asilamu.

The mutazality waukulu chidwi analimbikira kusiyana kutanthauzira za makonzedwe ena a Koran, za chikhalidwe cha Mulungu ndi munthu. Iwo nkhani ya ufulu wa chifuniro anthu ndi kukonzedweratu.

Pakuti Mu'tazila munthu amene wachita tchimo lalikulu, ndi mu chikhalidwe zogwira - iye si wopembedza, koma si kulakwa. Kuti ndi mapeto Vasila Ibn Ata, wodziwika wophunzira zaumulungu VIII atumwi, ankaona chiyambi cha mapangidwe Mu'tazila kuyenda.

Sunnism ndi Shiism: kusiyana

Chachikulu kusiyana pakati Shiites ndi Sunnis - ndi funso za gwero la mphamvu. Woyamba amadalira ulamuliro wa Mulungu adzakhala osenonnogo ndi ufulu zimakhalira, wachiwiri - pa miyambo ndi dera chisankho. Pakuti Sunnis yaikulu olembedwa mu Quran, ndi Sunnah, ndi zina zingapo. Pa mfundo imeneyi ife tinene zofunika mfundo maganizo, kukhulupirika kutanthauza kutsatira chikhulupiriro choona.

Shiites amakhulupirira kuti Imam zidzatheka mwa chifuniro cha Mulungu, monga Akatolika ngati munthu mu chifaniziro cha Papa. Nkofunika kuti mphamvu tinatengera, popeza kuti anthu amene akukhudzana ndi magazi otsiriza Mneneri Muhammad yekha, kunyamula mdalitso wa Mulungu. Pambuyo kutha kwa mphamvu otsiriza Imam unasamutsidwa ulama - akatswiri ndi azamulungu, amene ali ngati nthumwi gulu la kusowa Imam Shiites ngati Khristu kuyembekezera Akhristu.

kusiyana tikaganizira m'madera mphamvu Shiite yakale komanso mwauzimu kulekanitsidwa ndi anaikira mu manja a mtsogoleri nayenso. Sunnis ochirikiza kulekana kwa muzochitika wauzimu ndi ndale chikoka.

Shiites amakana ulamuliro wa woyamba pokhapokhapo atatu - akudzanja la Muhammad. Sunnis, Komano, kuziona ngati achikunja amene amalambira imams khumi sakhala bwino mneneri. Pali malo a chilamulo Chisilamu, malinga ndi zimene ambiri njira anthu odalirika okha n'kofunika pankhani za chipembedzo. Kuchokera pa ichi ndi Sunnis, kusankha wolamulira wamkulu wa voti ammudzi.

Palinso kusiyana kulambira Shiites ndi Sunnis. Akupemphera, ndipo awo ndi ena pa zina 5 tsiku, koma udindo wa manja ali osiyana. Komanso, Shiites Mwachitsanzo, pali miyambo ya kudzikonda popemphera, osati anatengera ndi Sunnis.

Sunnism ndi Shiism lero - ambiri njira ya Islam. Kupatula waima Sufism - dongosolo la zikhulupiriro lachinsinsi ndi achipembedzo, unakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a moyo wosasangalala, renunciation ya moyo wa dziko lapansi ndi mosamalitsa ndondomeko malangizo a chikhulupiriro.