Silage chakudya: sayansi ndi phindu

Silage luso amapereka zambiri nyama ubwino munda. njira walola kupereka thanzi chakudya ziweto m'munsi pa nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Ngati udzu miyambo amapereka posungira 70% ya zinthu mchere, silage kumawonjezera chithunzi ichi ndi 20%. Mu njira zambiri izi zimatheka mwa kusunga malo kuti kupewa njira zoipa za kuvunda kwa zinthu, Pakati mapuloteni. Chofunika Kwambiri, silage akhoza anakonza ngakhale mu zinthu minda yaing'ono. Kumene, tikulankhula za mabuku ang'ono ndi osachepera njira luso yosungira bungwe, koma ambiri m'dziko pawekha kungakhale njira.

General maziko sayansi silage

The ndondomeko ya kupeza chakudya umalimbana kuonetsetsa mulingo pazipita nchito ndi zofunika zakudya. Choncho, zochokera chakudya ensiling lagona zosiyanasiyana zovuta amuzolengedwa imene ndi kokhazikika watsopano, koma chomera misa wandiweyani komanso otetezeka. Technologists kukusalani mpweya chikuonetseratu kuti chakudya m'tsogolo pa kuteteza, chifukwa mu kudzikundikira organic zidulo. Makamaka, amabala lactic asidi, amene ndi koyenera ndi njira kuonetsetsa kuteteza kwenikweni. Komanso unakhazikitsidwa pa magawo oyamba a kasungidwe amuzolengedwa Lachitatu amateteza kulemera kwa spoilage ndi kuwonongeka.

Pangakhale funso ali kotero koyenera kuti kuteteza zinthu zabwino zakuthupi. Ndipo pagona munthu ubwino waukulu njira imeneyi. chakuti silage ndi pafupifupi kuyambitsa modifiers wapadera ndi wothandizira. Onse njira zikuchitika mu njira ya kuteteza zachilengedwe ndi zochokera pa ntchito michere m'dera zomera ndi tizilombo opindulitsa kuti alowe chakudya ndi udzu wobiriwira.

Izi zimakhudza khalidwe la silage?

makhalidwe Mkhalidwe wa silage misa zimadalira zinthu ziwiri - fineness ake ndi chinyezi. Mulingo woyenera lactic ndondomeko anachita anatsimikiza ndi ndende moyenera dzuwa ndi mbali zina mwa madzi udzu. Pamene mkulu chinyezi kumaonjezera ngozi ya diluting shuga m'munsi, amene si njira yabwino amakhudza katundu wa chakudya yotsirizidwa. Komano, dryness kwambiri, monga ulamuliro, amalowa gulu la mpweya kwambiri, amene amachepetsa mphamvu ya zachilengedwe yokha. The mulingo woyenera kwambiri mlingo mbewu zili chuma chinyezi ndi pafupifupi 70%. Pankhani ya umapezeka, chinthu ichi ndi ofanana ndi amene m'mbuyomu. Ngati ensiling chakudya opangidwa pa chinyezi 60%, kudula imagwiridwa mu increments wa masentimita 2-3. Pa 70% indentation pakati pa magawo ayenera 4-5 cm. Ngati chinyezi chizindikiro ziwonjezeke kwa 80%, umene umapezeka amapereka mipata 9 -10 cm. pa udzu izi melkotravyanistuyu akhoza kusungidwa mu mawonekedwe wapachiyambi kupatula zomera trudnouplotnyaemyh ndi zikang'a.

Control njira microbiological

Taonera kale kuti unyinji wa silage mawu a mchere; kutetezera sasowa. Koma izi chingapezeke ngati oyenera lamulo njira amuzolengedwa kuti adzakhala anayamba waukulu mchitidwe yogwira - asidi lactic. Chida chachikulu yosamalira m'badwo wake angatchedwe kuletsa mwayi oxygen. Kwathunthu womata danga Bookmark kupereka apamwamba silage. Amatha kuumba kubwera mu milandu kuphwanya lamulo limeneli, ndi kusokoneza makhalidwe a misa. Makamaka, bowa aerobic Mucor ndi Aspergillus mabanja kuonekera mu mlengalenga ndi kuwola ndinso osati asidi lactic komanso zigawo mapuloteni ndi chakudya. Ngati palibe kudalira kudalirika kwa nyumba ku mawonedwe a kusindikiza, n'zotheka monga usawonongeke zina kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera chakudya mu mawonekedwe a mchewere mchewere mtundu, formic asidi, kapena Sourdough zikhalidwe zachilengedwe munali mabakiteriya asidi lactic.

silage misa Bookmark

Ndondomeko atagona ayenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga, chifukwa misa yaikidwa mu nyumbayi heats ndi kukhudzana ndi mpweya zilipo kumabweretsa imfa ya mapuloteni, ndi puloteni amakhala indigestible. Childs, pamene kutumikira lalikulu Mipikisano matani ndondomeko yosungirako zimatenga masiku 5-7. Similar ntchito m'mafamu yaing'ono ayenera kutha mu masiku 2-3 zitachitika. Mwamsanga anaika wosanjikiza loyamba chimateteza zakuthupi, amene chakudya silage usawonongeke mwachangu opangidwa ndi osungidwa ndi yaitali. Monga zakuthupi filimu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma ndi notches ikuthandizira kuti likuzongoka.

Facilities kusamala

Tsopano m'pofunika kuganizira kwambiri mwachindunji yomanga, imene unsembe angathe kuchitidwa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya gulu la ndondomeko ensiling - yopingasa ndi choimirira. Njira yoyamba ndi yokhudza ntchito ngalande ndi maenje, amene ali chomera misa. njira zimenezi ndi zabwino Kutukula ndi mtengo-bwino. Koma iwo ayamba ntchito m'banja kwapadera, chifukwa iwo sangakhoze akomere mabuku waukulu wa billet. njira ofukula silage chakudya amati nkhani ya kumanga nyumba ya mawonekedwe cylindrical. Iwo akutchedwanso silo, ndipo, malingana ndi kukhazikitsa luso anyamula kuchokera angapo matani 500 a nkhani mbewu.

Chisindikizo silage misa

Tamping ndi kofunika njira ndondomeko pokonza misa chomera silage. Opaleshoni akhoza anachita kudzera osiyana luso mpaka zipangizo improvised zachuma. Overdoing chisindikizo sangakhale - apamwamba osalimba bwino, opanda mpweya mwa zigawo zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo. Ngati ndinu silage kunyumba popanda zida makina, mwapadera ziperekedwe ku ngodya ndi malo malinga pambali. Kumalo amenewa nthawi zambiri ilo mpweya wotsika mu zigawo m'munsi.

ubwino silage

Poyerekeza ndi mtundu wina wa chakudya, njirayi amalola kulandira ndi mankhwala achilengedwe pa mtengo wotsika kwa kukhazikitsa magawo sayansi. Ngakhale kufamuwa ziweto zomwe aganyali ndalama ndithu mu njira ndi silo maofesi wapadera, chakudya kukonzekera limapindula. Ubwino wa njira ikugwilizirana ndi bungwe ndi kugula ya ndondomeko yonse. Ngakhale chilengedwe banja, mungathe kusunga luso. Choncho, ndizosowa chakudya silage ngati zinthu zazikulu za mbewu nkhani zili amanena kuonetsetsa zikayamba. N'zotheka ndithu kuchita ntchito kuya kwa ngalande ndi adzikometsa ochepa zakuthupi filimu.

Pomaliza

Komabe, ntchito yokonza silage sanali opandiratu mungachite kuti kupeza chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Amene akufuna kuyesa njira imeneyi mu mawu a ndalama zake poyamba ndalama kudziwa zitsamba zilipo ntchito imeneyi. Mwachitsanzo, Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyemba ndi mbewu monga chimanga. Komanso silage, malingana ndi sikelo kupanga amafuna polojekiti zonse mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zapadera. Choncho, nkhokwezi zamakono zili ndi kuyeza tizipangizo kudziwa chinyezi ndi kutentha zinthu. Koma Mulimonsemo, ngakhale ndalama zina wolungama chifukwa chakuti ng'ombe yodziwikiratu chopatsa thanzi komanso wochezeka chakudya, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale mu yozizira, ndi kusamala yoyenera.