Features wa masewero Chekhov a mwachidule: "The Cherry zipatso," "The mbalameyi", "Amalume Vanya"

Features wa masewero Chekhov anali kudziŵika monga nzeru za akatswiri ambiri. VI Nemirovich-Danchenko ndi K. S. Stanislavsky woyamba m'zimene gulu kochititsa kaso kwa masewero a "undercurrent" Chekhov kuti ndi zimene zikuchitika kumbuyo commonness kunja Wobisa yothandizira mkati wapamtima m'nyimbo otaya. Ankayesetsa kuti abweretse kutanthauzira atsopano a masewero Chekhov kwa omvetsera. Pa chitsanzo cha sewero "The Cherry zipatso," "The mbalameyi", "Amalume Vanya" tikambirana luso m'maganizo ntchito za wolemba izi.

Kufotokozera za moyo

Features wa masewero Chekhov angathe mophweka pa limodzi la masewero wake wotchuka - ". The Cherry zipatso" Mfundo zikuluzikulu chinali kuthetsa misonkhano ed a zisudzo mwambo ntchito za m'ma XVIII. Amadziwika kuti Chekhov anafuna kuonetsetsa kuti powonekera nazo zonse moyo. Mwachitsanzo, pa mtima a "Cherry zipatso" ndi ambiri wamba chochitika - malonda chuma kwa ngongole ya dziko osati kusankha pakati pa udindo ndi kumverera, pom'ng'amba moyo wa khalidwe, osati amapha kugunda ya anthu ndi mafumu otchuka ndi sasonyeza anthu wamba. Wolemba wina kwathunthu retracted ku ndimasewera chiwembu kunja mokomera zochitika onyozeka ndi wopepuka, kufuna kutsimikizira kuti mkhalidwe tsiku la ngwazi za chimodzimodzi conflictual.

otchulidwa osokoneza

Features wa dramaturgy Chekhov a (10 kalasi akuphunzira nkhani mwatsatanetsatane) ali anatinso ku malongosoledwe a m'nkhaniyi. Mwachitsanzo, mu sewerolo "The Cherry zipatso" Ayi olimbikira woipa amene amabweretsa kapena woipa amene amabweretsa. LOPAKHIN wamalonda amene akugula malo katswiri wa ngongole ndi, - mwamuna ndi moyo tcheru. Iye sanaiwale mmene kutentha anam'chitira Ranevskaya kuyambira ali mwana. Kuchokera mu mtima, ndipo apempha amuthandize kuti kupulumutsidwa Gaev malo - amapereka munda malo payekha dziko. Komanso, popanda ganizo lachiwiri, apatsa Lyubovi Andreevne ngongole, mwina podziwa kuti iye sanabwerere. Komabe, LOPAKHIN nagula munda ndipo amapereka ndondomeko ndi kudula mitengo chitumbuwa, popanda kuyembekezera kuchoka kwa mabwana akale. Pa nthawi yomweyo sadali kudziwa chimene chikubweretsa kuwawa Ranevskaya ndi Gaev. Wamalonda Komabe, anati ndi chisangalalo kukongola kwa minda poppy amene anatha kupeza 40 chikwi. Mu chikhalidwe cha ngwazi za kufika pa otsika ndi mkulu, kufuna kukongola ndi dyera, nkhanza ndi zikhumbo mfulu. Ubwenzi thereto amaonetsa anapanga otsutsana. Koma kwenikweni sapezeka anthu abwino mwamtheradi kapena zoipa. Zolemba malire olondola a m'nkhaniyi - ichi ndi chinthu china masewero Chekhov a.

"Undertow"

Mu ntchito zake, Chekhov kwathunthu akukana ena maluso ed. Mwachitsanzo, silikuphatikiza monologues chochuluka, monga anthu osalankhula tsiku ndi tsiku. Features la sewero Chekhov mu "The Cherry zipatso" anasonyeza zimenezi. M'malo mwadala anati "kwa" wolemba amagwiritsa ntchito yapadera maganizo tsenga kuti Nemirovich-Danchenko ndi christened apamaliro kapena "undercurrent." Choyamba, ndi "awiri phokoso" khalidwe lililonse, ndiko kuti, ambiguity cha khalidwe lake. Chitsanzo cha chotero "yopanda chilema" atha kutumikira ngati malongosoledwe a chikhalidwe Lopakhin akufuna pamwamba. Komanso mwapadera Chekhov imangira mawu a zilembo wake, ndiye, chimapangitsa izo kuti omvetsera akhoze kudziwa zimene akuganiza otchulidwa pa zokambirana nkhani za m'banja. Kulankhula Lopakhin ndi Varya akuchita wachinayi - chitsanzo cha kufotokoza mawu osokoneza. Iwo amafuna kulankhula za maganizo awo pa wina ndi mzake, koma iwo kulankhula za zinthu zina. Kuphika kufunafuna chinthu, ndi LOPAKHIN amauza mapulani ake chifukwa yozizira akubwera. ndipo palibe Chifukwa cha atchedwe chikondi pakati m'nkhaniyi.

watanthauzo chete kwa

Features wa masewero Chekhov ndi wosatha. Ngakhale ambiri otchulidwa masewero zavumbulutsidwa mwa ntchito zosonyeza kuti Anton Pavlovich iwo zimapezeka mu zinachitikira. Choncho ndikofunika kufufuza mu masewero ake "undercurrent." Ochiritsira Imani ndi matanthauzo akuya iwo. Mwachitsanzo, kulephera Pofotokoza pakati Varya ndi Lopakhin khalidwe iye yekha ndi kulira. Pamene Ranevskaya alowa mu chipinda, ndiye funso limodzi ake: "Kodi?" Ndipotu, misonzi bwino zimayamba onse chimwemwe ndi chisoni. Pakati interlocutor liliri mozama. LUBOV amamvetsa chilichonse popanda kufotokozera, ndipo akuyamba tifulumira kuchoka. Kapena omaliza Trofimov Peter anayamba pa zokambirana pa chuma chake chabwino ndipo limanena kuti "Anthu ikuyenda ku choona apamwamba, kuti chimwemwe wapamwamba kuti n'zotheka pansi, ndipo ine ndiri mu mzera wakutsogolo!" Mu funso wachipongwe Ermolai Alekseevicha " ? Doydosh "Peter amasonyeza mtima kuti:" Doydu. (Tangoyesani) Doydu kapena kukhazikitsa njira ina, momwe ndingayendere. " chete pakati mawu limasonyeza kuti ngwazi asaone ndi Izitu n'zovutitsa mnzake ndipo anati kwambiri ndithu.

ndemanga

Features wa dramaturgy Chekhov a (mwachidule, ndithudi, pofotokoza mfundo zina zabwino zonse kovuta) ndipo ntchito yogwira, mwakuwoneka zazing'ono njira ed - wolemba ndemanga, zikumveka, zizindikiro. Mwachitsanzo, mu kachitidwe koyamba za "The Cherry zipatso", wolemba mwatsatanetsatane chilengedwe - chipinda kumene kufika onse anayembekezera Lyubovi Andreevny. chidwi mu ndemanga iyi zapatsidwa kwa munda, umene kuonekera kwa zenera - mitengo yake yokutidwa ndi maluwa moyera-. Kum'patsa ndi owerenga mwakamodzi pali chisoni kumverera ulemerero izi zonse adzafa posachedwa. Ndipo ndemanga, kuyembekeza kanthu chachiwiri, munali mawu amene Tingaone mzinda munda ndi mizati wanthambo. Kuwonjezera mtengo mwachindunji, zokongola izi palinso tanthauzo - New Century kuzichita malamulo ake, ndipo palibe malo chitumbuwa zipatso. "Ichi Nest" Ranevskayas-Gaeva ndithu lidzawonongedwa.

phokoso

Zikumveka kusewera mu ntchito za udindo Chekhov a. Features wa masewero Chekhov ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha sewerolo "The Cherry zipatso" zilozera kwa izo. Sad Waltz kusewera mpira, amene, mosiyana ndi zolondola, bungwe malonda tsiku LUBOV; kugogoda mipira kwa ma biliyadi, amatikumbutsa ndiwotani chibwana Gaeva; kulira kwa chingwe wosweka, irretrievably athyola chithumwa ndi mtendere madzulo chilimwe. Ndi kukwapula Ranevskaya kuti iye nthawi yomweyo akuyamba kupita kunyumba. Ngakhale Anyamata ndi LOPAKHIN yomweyo kupereka wodalirika mafotokozedwe zosasangalatsa phokoso (kulira mbalame, kuswa ndowa mu mgodi), LUBOV amaona mosiyana. Iye akukhulupirira kuti kukukuta zingwe wosweka limasonyeza akamaliza moyo wake wonse woyamba. Kumene, chophiphiritsa phokoso la nkhwangwa pa mapeto a sewerolo: kukongola kwa dziko - ndi chitumbuwa zipatso - kuti uwonongedwe ndi Lopakhin dongosolo.

tsatanetsatane

Mwatsatanetsatane, makamaka mochititsatu kaso chionetsero zimaonetsa masewero Chekhov a. Kuphika pa siteji nthawi zonse amapezeka mu diresi mdima ndi gulu la mafungulo ku lamba wake. Pamene mpira Ermolai A. akulengeza kuti anagula malo, iye anakana chitaya makiyi LOPAKHIN mapazi. Choncho, izo zikusonyeza kuti iye anapereka chuma lonse. A chizindikiro wachisoni wa lothandiza Russia ndi kumaliza Manor ndi kumayimba pamapeto pake: onse kusiya nyumba, Ermolai A. maloko mpaka m'chaka cha khomo kutsogolo ndi kunja chipinda kumbuyo pali odwala wakale mtumiki Firs, lomwe lili pa Sofa ndi amaundana. Onse zimaonekeratu kuti ndi mtetezi lotsiriza la Russia wake manorial pang'onopang'ono kusiyiratu.

"Kufooka" a chiwembu

Zosiyana onse wolemba analephera amayang'anitsitsa mbali ya sewero A. P. Chehova. Mwachindunji kutsutsa akhala insufficiently limaonetseratu nkhani m'ntchito zake. Pamaso Chekhov nkhani ya sewerolo linaperekedwa, monga ulamuliro, pa nkhondo kunja. Kudzera chochitika, anamanga pa kugunda Anthu angapo, amasonyeza akamanena za ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mu "Tsoka kwa nzeru" kanthu zachokera kusiyana Chatsky ndi otizungulira ngakhalenso ake "famusovskogo anthu." nkhondo Traditional amalingalira za tsogolo la zisudzo la, zikusonyeza kupambana kwa munthu pa anthu ena. Zinthu zosiyana mu masewero Chekhov a. Main chochitika (kugulitsa chuma ngongole ya) anthu ambiri aziganiza kuti maziko. Featureless chiwembu mankhwala nkomwe ogaŵikana zinthu mwachizolowezi Kuthandiza (pachimake, decoupling ndi zina zotero. D.). Luso zochita nthawi zonse mochedwa, ndi sewero zochitika ali ofooka kwambiri zimavuta ndi mzake.

Features sewero A. P. Chehova (kalasi 10 pa maphunziro mabuku akukumana kwambiri mokwanira ndi ntchito ya wolemba) ali mu kuwerenga maganizo kwambiri wa chilengedwe chake. wolemba salowa kusonyeza kuti zipolowe kunja amasewera m'malo mavuto ake mkati nkhondo zosasangalatsa kwa zilembo wake. Zotsutsana zikukwaniritsidwa mu maganizo a zisudzo ndi samanama mu nkhondo ya chuma (sipatenga place), ndi zosagwirizana wa maloto ndi zenizeni, kusakhutira ndi zilembo kwawo ndi dziko lapansi owazungulira. Choncho, chomaliza cha sewerolo ife saona zazikulu Lopakhin, ndipo munthu Kalanga amene akulira chifukwa cha chisoni, "O, kodi ndikhale ndi izo zonse zinapita m'malo kudzasintha mwanjira zovuta zathu, kukhala wosasangalala moyo." Ntchito Chekhov ya m'nkhaniyi si ndi vuto chochitika imagwera pa aliyense wa iwo. Mu masewero a Chekhov ndi zilembo ofunika ndi pakati zazing'ono.

polemba chinenero zachilendo

The mtundu wanyimbo adzadziwire komanso makamaka modabwitsa Chekhov. "The Cherry zipatso" - zikuchokera m'nyimbo Komabe, ndipo mmenemo wolemba ali anakwanitsa yokhotakhota zinthu azithunzithunzi. M. Gorky wotchedwa kusewera "sewero watsopano," umene Chili pathos zomvetsa chisoni (pepani za imfa ya zipatso chitumbuwa kugwa tsoka la zilembo zina), ndipo azithunzithunzi apamaliro (bwino -. Pofotokoza Charlotte zithunzi Simeonova-wenzulo, Epikhodov etc. . ophimbidwa - otchulidwa mu Lopakhin Gaeva, Ranevskaia etc) .... Kunja, anthu ali chabe, koma inertia awo kubisala mwa zovuta kanthu-chinyezimiritso.

"The mbalameyi"

mbali zonse za Chekhov a dramaturgy mwachidule anakhazikitsako ife chitsanzo cha mankhwala imodzi yokha - ". The Cherry zipatso" sewero Izi ndi chidutswa lotsiriza la Chekhov, limene limafotokozedwa mwachidule zimene anachita kulenga. Komabe, onse a pamwamba imakhudzanso ntchito zina wolemba. Mwachitsanzo, nkhawa zanu, zosautsa mzimu chinamulowerera "The mbalameyi" Chekhov chifukwa ena otchedwa sewero lanthabwala. Izi Wolemba wina chithunzi akadali amanditenga maganizo ofufuza, koma amene azenga ndi mfundo yakuti iye ndi mfiti chisoni comedies? Anton Pavlovich akhoza kufinya ndakatulo kuchokera osatetezeka kwambiri za moyo ndi kuyambitsa zachilendo mu ntchito yake polemba chinenero chilichonse. Monga "The Cherry zipatso" mu sewerolo "The mbalameyi" si otchulidwa chapakati. Makhalidwe onse kuti ndi ofanana mbali ndi pamwamba pa tsoka kulibe, kotero wosewera zazikulu mmenemo. Dzina la chidutswa ukuimira kwambiri. Mbalameyi, mu lingaliro langa, chikuyimira ndege nkhawa, liwiro mu mtunda, kayendedwe kuwalimbikitsa. Mu nkhani imeneyi pali nkhani banal, ichi chawululidwa mutu waukulu kusakhutira powagwiritsa cholandira chawo, loto la moyo wabwino. Koma tanthauzo la sewero ili wabweretsedwa kwa amaonetsa kudzera, mfundo wamba tsiku ndi tsiku kuti ali ndi tanthauzo lakuya, ndiye "undercurrent." Izi ndi mbali ya masewero Chekhov a. "The mbalameyi" - ntchito ankaikira wolemba izi.

"Amalume Vanya"

Izi mankhwala wina nzeru za Chekhov. Iwo mbali komanso anasonyeza wa masewero Chekhov a. "Amalume Vanya" - ndi sewero limene wolemba silitchula pa zotsutsana kunja pakati pa zilembo ndi zokumana wamumtima. mlungu banja pano ndi gwero yekha nkhondo. Palibe oopsa tsoka la zilembo Chekhov Ndipotu, sizichitika, koma sanakhutire ndi miyoyo yawo. Ena amathera masiku awo idleness aulesi, ena - mu mkwiyo wolumalayu, ndi ena - ndi chodabwitsa. moyo Kuimba zimapangitsa anthu woipa kuposa izo zikanakhoza kukhala. Dr. ASTROFF zoipa kwambiri, Wynn anakwiya ndi dziko lonse, Serebryakov - ignominiously adzitsitsa. Onse a iwo akhala omangidwa ndi osayanjanitsika kwa wina ndi mzake, Chofunika kwambiri, okha. moyo wawo ungakhale wopanda pake. Ndipo ndani mlandu? Monga mwa nthawi zonse, Chekhov - zonse mwakamodzi. udindo iri ndi khalidwe lililonse.

Pomaliza

Kulonga n'cigwagwa, ine ndikufuna kufotokoza mbali zonse za masewero Chekhov zimatchula ndi mfundo:

1. Pafupifupi ntchito zonse wolemba zimamangidwa pa kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za njira ya moyo, imene owerenga ndi amaonetsa kumva makamaka m'nkhaniyi akumvera, lokhala wosasangalala otchuka.
2. Mu nkhani ya masewero Chekhov ali palibe yowala zochitika zodabwitsa, ndiwo mkangano - maganizo mumtima mwawo.
3. Zimphona pa ntchito za Chekhov osokoneza, aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe abwino ndi oipa.
4. Dialogues ntchito wolemba imakhala ya mpukutu mawu watanthauzo kuti zimafalitsa zisudzo thanzi kwambiri.
5. Ndemanga, phokoso mfundo ophiphiritsa ndi zofunika kwambiri mu masewero a Chekhov.
6. Wolemba wina Anton Pavlovich mtundu wanyimbo osiyana apachiyambi. zinachitika pa ntchitoyi imachitika limodzi ndi zochitika azithunzithunzi imene imapangitsa chochitika chithunzichi kamwana ndi lodalirika.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zonse za maonekedwe a modabwitsa luso AP Chekhov. ntchito yake kumanja ndi ku thumba golide za upamwamba dziko.