Russia polimbana ndi uchigawenga. Komiti National Anti-zigawenga

Uchigawenga lero wakhala ndale komanso vuto nambala wani, chifukwa mamba ake amakhala padziko lonse tanthauzo. Russia polimbana ndi uchigawenga akha- kupewa mavuto oopsa ndipo sizimadziwika, amene kale akukumana anthu.

popanda malire

Uchigawenga - zimasokoneza chitetezo padziko lonse, mayiko onse ndi anthu onse okhala iwo, ndi imfa ya chuma ndi ndale, ndi yaikulu maganizo kukakamiza anthu. Yendetsani chala banditry masiku ano kotero lonse kuti palibe malire oikidwa ndi anthu kwa iye.

mungathe boma munthu ndi uchigawenga chiyani? chikhalidwe mayiko kuzichita Poyankha, kumanga dziko lonse kutsutsa. Icho ndi chomwe kutenga Russia polimbana ndi uchigawenga. Isanayambike zinamuchitikira akukhalamo padziko lonse ndi ku Russia, kotero panali funso nawo asilikali ake ngakhale kunja madera a dziko.

Kulimbana magulu a mantha

Magulu akuluakulu ndi maboma a m'mayikowo imachitika ntchito paola maso kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha anthu. Njira kulimbana uchigawenga mkati Russia, zotsatirazi.

1. Kupewa: popewa uchigawenga Apeze ndi kuchotsa zimayambitsa ndi zinthu zimene zimachititsa uchigaŵenga.
2. Russia polimbana ndi uchigawenga akhale unyolo wa kudziwika, kupewa, yimitsira, kudziwika ndi kufufuza za chochitika chotero.
3. Zotsatira za kuchita chilichonse mantha amachepa inathetsedwa.

lamulo feduro

Pa Kulimbana mwalamulo ananena March 6, 2006. M'malamulo Federal, Russia polimbana ndi uchigawenga ayenera kutsatira onyamula Zikuchititsa. Chinanena zinthu zotsatirazi ntchito Asilikali onyamula zida.

1. Kuthetsa ndege la ndege iliyonse chalanda ndi zigawenga kapena ntchito uchigawenga.
2. Yimitsira pa kuchitako zigawenga mu dera lawo nyanja ya ku Russia komanso madzi kumtunda, pa chinthu chilichonse cha ntchito m'nyanja, zomwe zili pa alumali m'dzikoli, zomwe zili mu Russia, kuonetsetsa ntchito abwino kutumiza.
3. Russia polimbana ndi uchigawenga zikugwira ntchito uchigawenga, malingana ndi Chilamulo pano Federal.
4. polimbana ndi uchigawenga padziko lonse kupitirira malire a dera Russian Federation.

Yimitsira la uchigawenga mu mlengalenga

Zachitetezo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nkhondo ndi zida malinga ndi zochita normative malamulo a Federation ndi Russian kuthetsa Chiopsezo kapena yimitsira chochita zinthu ndi zigawenga. Ngati ndegeyo sakulabadira mfundo pansi ofotokoza polojekiti ndiponso zizindikiro analeredwa ndi ndege Russian kukakumana kapena samvera, popanda chifukwa chilichonse, Russian onyamula Mphamvu kubisa ndege chotengera ntchito zida za nkhondo ndi zida, kukakamiza pamtunda. Pankhani ya sanali kugwilizana ndi za kuopsa zachilengedwe ngoziyo kapena imfa ndege chotengera ndi kuponderezedwa ndi chiwonongeko.

Yimitsira la uchigawenga pa madzi

madzi Internal, madera nyanja ndiponso alumali chokhala ndi dziko makampani apanyanja (kuphatikizapo kusambira) a nkhondo a zigawenga komanso kuteteza pogwiritsa ntchito njira pamwamba pa kulimbana uchigawenga. Ngati nyanja kapena mtsinje kusambira maofesi salabadira malamulo ndiponso zizindikiro kusiya chophwanya malamulo ntchito danga madzi a ku Russia komanso chilengedwe m'madzi kapena kukhala kukana kumvera, zida za Zombo Zankhondo ndi ndege zachitetezo ntchito kukakamiza kusiya maofesi kusambira kuchotsa kuopseza lina zigawenga, ngakhale mwa chiwonongeko. Kupewa imfa ya moyo kapena ngozi zachilengedwe ayenera kutsatira miyezo aliyense kulimbana ndi uchigawenga.

Counterinsurgency mkati ndi kunja

Normative zochita malamulo a Federation ndi Russian kudziwa chisankho cha mutsogoleli wa dziko Russian kubweretsa mayunitsi asilikali a nkhondo a zigawenga nawo ntchito odana ndi zigawenga. mayunitsi asilikali, zopatutsana ndi kulumikiza onyamula Mphamvu ntchito zida za nkhondo, njira yapadera ndi zida. polimbana ndi uchigawenga padziko lonse ndi yokhudza akuphatikizapo la Chitaganya cha Russia onyamula tidzakwatulidwa nchito malinga ndi mapangano mayiko wa Russian Federation, izi Chilamulo Federal kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida kwa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia ndi zapansi zigawenga kapena kunja kwa Russian Federation anthu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu onyamula kunja kwa dzikoli. Zonse zochita ameneŵa patokha ndi mutsogoleli wadziko, tsopano Putin.

polimbana ndi uchigawenga - Ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya ano, ndi udindo waukulu kwambiri. Choncho, chiwerengero cha mapangidwe Asilikali onyamula zida, malo amene izo ntchito, mavuto zinalimbana, kutalika kwa anakhala kunja kwa Russian Federation ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi atali-uchigawenga kupitirira malire a Chitaganya cha Russia, komanso amasankha kukhala Pulezidenti. Chilamulo Federal pa Kuthetsa Terrorism ikuti riziki kuti payokha. mayunitsi asilikali, amene akupitirira malire a Russia, zigwirizana servicemen mgwirizano amene akhala akukonza chisanadze analamula maphunziro apadera, ndipo anapanga mwangwiro pa maziko kwawo.

chitetezo cha dziko

Uchigawenga akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati mabungwe ndi magulu, ndi anthu. Russian National Security Njira mpaka 2020 zikuphatikizapo mawonetseredwe onse a zochita za zigawenga. Lathu kungakhale dongosolo lililonse - kuchokera kusintha moumiriza a dongosolo oyendetsera dziko la Chitaganya cha Russia ndi disorganization a kugwira ntchito ya boma. mphamvu za kuwonongedwa kwa mafakitale ndi asilikali malo, komanso mabungwe mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, yomwe umoyo wa anthu, ndi kuopseza anthu a ntchito zida za mankhwala akupha kapena nyukiliya.

polimbana ndi uchigawenga imakhala chakuti palibe kuphatikiza zonse nyumba boma ndi boma khama olowa kulimbana zodabwitsazi oopsa. Sikudzakhala angathe kuthandiza malo aliwonse mwapadera analenga uchigawenga, ngakhale mabungwe nzeru ndi mabungwe yazamalamulo. Tikusowa ntchito anzake a nyumba zonse, nthambi za boma, atolankhani.

Magwero a uchigawenga

mawonetseredwe iliyonse ya uchigawenga ayenera kukhala bwino traceable gwero ndi moona dzina lake zimayambitsa awo. Katswiri kafukufuku mwa antchito mayunitsi odana ndi zigawenga za FSB, waulula kuti determinants (zinthu za) uchigawenga zambiri zotsatirazi: sakuyendetsa lakuthwa miyezo ya moyo ndi mlingo chikhalidwe. chitetezo, kulimbana ndale ndi nihilism malamulo, separatism ndi dziko kukula, kuchepa malamulo otsika yonena za maulamuliro, njira zawo kudwala-ankaona.

Kulimbikitsa uchigawenga kukula, makamaka zikutsutsana anthu, kusagwirizana chikhalidwe, yomwe kwambiri m'dzina la ndale. polimbana monyanyira ndi uchigawenga kumafuna kulolerana wa pulogalamu mwatsatanetsatane zimene adzakula osati ndale komanso chuma, chikhalidwe, maganizo, malamulo ndi zinthu zina zambiri. Lamulo odana ndi zigawenga la Chitaganya cha Russia akuyesera kuthetsa chachikulu, koma chokhacho investigative ntchito - kuteteza Kupititsa wokhulupirika ndi ulamuliro. Ndipo m'pofunika kuyamba ndi zifukwa.

Maziko a polimbana uchigawenga

Mbali yaikulu ya mfundo pagulu - polimbana uchigawenga mu Russian Federation, cholinga lake, monga tanena kale, chitetezo, madera wokhulupirika ndi ulamuliro wa dziko. The chakudya chachikulu cha njira imeneyi ndi izi:

• zimayambitsa ndi zinthu abwino zikamera wa uchigawenga ndi kufalitsa ayenera kuzindikira kuletsedwa;
• anthu ndi mabungwe chinkhoswe pa kukonzekera zochita zigawenga, ayenera kuzindikira zochita zawo kupewedwa ndi kuletsedwa;
• mabungwe nawo ntchito zigawenga, ayenera mlandu malinga ndi malamulo a Russia;
• mphamvu ndi njira anafuna kulepheretsa, kudziwa, kupewa zinthu zigawenga, kuchepetsa ndi kuthetsa mavuto uchigawenga asungike okonzeka nthawi zonse ntchito zawo;
• malo pachilumbachi yovuta thandizo moyo ndi zomangamanga ayenera kupatsidwa chitetezo odana ndi zigawenga;
• mfundo zigawenga sayenera kufalikira, ndipo ntchito ya ntchito yolimbikitsa anthu ayenera adamulowetsa.

kukhwimitsa chitetezo

Zinthu zimene zikhoza akulimbana ntchito zigawenga M'zaka zaposachedwapa akhala bwino okonzeka ndi zomangamanga ndi njira luso la chitetezo, monga ndodo makampani chitetezo kuti kwambiri kuchuluka msinkhu wawo maphunziro. Komabe, chitetezo odana ndi zigawenga malo misa kukhala anthu bwino osakwanira, ngati panalibe amafuna yunifolomu potipatsa pa malo.

Mu 2013, 22 October, lamulo Federal chitetezo odana ndi zigawenga maofesi analowa mphamvu. Boma la Russia tsopano monga chikalata ichi amalandira ufulu kukhazikitsa kuvomerezedwa pokwaniritsa anthu onse zachilengedwe ndi malamulo a amafuna chitetezo odana ndi zigawenga za zinthu komanso madera. zofunika zokhudza gulu lawo, ziyeneretso za polojekiti, kupanga pepala deta chitetezo. Amachotsedwa zinthu izi zokha kunyamula zomangamanga, magalimoto ndi mafuta ndi mphamvu maofesi kumene chitetezo odana ndi zigawenga wamangidwa kwambiri mwankhanza.

Global kuopseza

zigawenga kugwira ntchito mu Russia zambiri ndi kutengapo mbali ndi motsogozedwa ndi ochokera m'mayiko akunja amene aphunzirapo akunja chuma mothandizidwa ndi magwero yogwirizana ndi uchigawenga padziko lonse. Malinga ndi FSB, mu 2000 panali zikwi zitatu omenyana zakunja Chechnya. Russian asilikali mu ankhondo a 1999-2001 kuphedwa alendo zoposa zikwi ochokera m'mayiko Arab: Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, ndi United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Tunisia, Kuwait, Tajikistan, Turkey, Syria, Algeria.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa uchigawenga padziko lonse chawonjezeka mpaka kuopseza lonse. Mu Russia, ndi zogwirizana chilengedwe cha Komiti National Anti-zigawenga (NAC). Thupi collegiate kuti imayang'anira ntchito ya akuluakulu wamkulu onse boma ndi RF nkhani, m'dera wodzilamulira komanso kukonzekeretsa maganizo zogwirizana ndi mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia. NAC unakhazikitsidwa mogwirizana ndi Watsimikiza pa Kuthana Uchigawenga wa 2006. Wapampando wa komiti ndi mkulu wa FSB wa ku Russia General wa Army AV Bortnikov. Motsogozedwa wake ntchito pafupifupi onse atsogoleri a mabungwe yazamalamulo, m'madipatimenti boma ndi zipinda za nyumba yamalamulo Russian.

Zolinga zazikulu za NAC

1. Kukonzekera kwa maganizo kwa mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia okhudza mapangidwe boma. mfundo ndi kusintha m'munda wa malamulo potsimikizira-uchigawenga.
2. Mgwirizanowu zonse ntchito potsimikizira-uchigawenga wa akuluakulu wamkulu boma, mabungwe m'madera a Russia, mogwirizana kwa nyumba izi ndi boma, mabungwe a boma ndi mayanjano.
3. Kudziwa njira kuthetsa zimayambitsa ndi zinthu abwino uchigawenga, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha maofesi kwa adani angathe.
4. Kutengapo mbali polimbana ndi uchigawenga, yokonza mapangano lonse la Chitaganya cha Russia m'munda umenewu.
5. Kuonetsetsa zodzitetezera pa umoyo anthu kale kapena nawo polimbana ndi uchigawenga, la konzanso chikhalidwe cha anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi uchigawenga.
6. Muzigwirizana ndi ntchito zina zotchulidwa malamulo Russian.

Kuwopsa kwa North Caucasus

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, akuluakulu a boma. maulamuliro ayesetsa ndithu kuti matenda a zinthu mu North Caucasus Federal District ndi kukhazikitsa njira kutsutsa uchigawenga. Mu December 2014 mkulu wa Federal Security Service Alexander Bortnikov anati chifukwa cha mgwirizano ntchito kupewa ndi yazamalamulo - zolakwa zigaŵenga anali katatu zochepa kuyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi mu 2013: 218 analakwira 78.

Komabe, vuto yomangika mu dera akadali mkulu - udakali North Caucasus bandit mobisa, ndi uchigawenga padziko lonse, ngakhale nkhani mwachindunji polimbana naye onse mabungwe yazamalamulo, mabungwe yazamalamulo ndi misonkhano yapadera. Tingathe ntchito ndi kuphana, kuzindikira, kuteteza, kupondereza, anafotokoza n'kuona zigawenga. Choncho, mu 2014 misonkhano yapadera ndi mabungwe yazamalamulo analephera kuteteza 59 milandu zigawenga zisanu ndi zitatu kuukira akukonzekera. anthu makumi atatu kugwirizana ndi bandit mobisa, akhoza kukopeka kusiya mantha.

Pamene inu sakwanitsa kukopa

polimbana ndi uchigawenga pali zovuta ntchito nkhondowo, yapadera, nkhondo, ndi zinthu zina, pamene ntchito zida za nkhondo, zida ndi njira yapadera kupewa kuchita la uchigawenga, kungafooketse zigaŵenga ndi kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha anthu, mabungwe mabungwe, ndipo amachepetsa zotsatira za lina zigawenga. Nawa magulu mtsikana ndi FSB wothandizira, pamodzi ndi kulenga gulu, zikuchokera amene angathe kuligonjetsa Russian asilikali ndi a boma oyang'anira chitetezo, chitetezo ndi zochitika mkati, pa Civil silikhali, Justice, Emergency Zochitika Utumiki ndi ena ambiri.

Chifukwa cha mphamvu ntchito odana ndi zigawenga mu North Caucasus mu 2014 anali kuchepetsa ndi achifwamba 233, 38 atsogoleri. Kutsekeledwa mamembala 637 wa mobisa zida. Achoka oletsedwa zolowa 272 zipangizo kuphulika, kwambiri zida zankhondo ndi zida zina. yazamalamulo akuluakulu kufufuza uchigawenga mu 2014, anabweretsedwa chibwenzi 219 waswa malamulo, zomwe zinachititsa zigawenga anavutika chilango chigawenga, kuphatikizapo kuukira anayi Executive zigawenga Volgograd.

Mantha ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko

mitundu mtanda malire a uchigawenga - mawonekedwe yoopsa kwambiri ya upandu. zenizeni Contemporary asiya kukhala chinthu kusokoneza mu mgwirizano wa mayiko. The uchigawenga kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoopsa (zida za nyukiliya) ndi loopsa kwambiri kuli anthu onse. Ndipo anthu m'mayiko chifukwa zokhumba kwambiri za ena mwa mamembala ake simungathe ngakhale kudziwa terminology yolondola zodabwitsazi, ngakhale ambiri, ndipo anapanga mtundu wa luntha nawo mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za zodabwitsazi.

Choyamba, uchigawenga - ziri zosaloledwa mfuti chiwawa, kufuna kuopseza dera lonse mu zigawo wodziika ya anthu ndi wosalakwa. Ngati kachitidwe zigawenga zimakhudza zinthu za dziko kuposa wina, pali Inde, analinso ndi mchitidwe lonse. lathu ndale za mayiko saganizira mbali ya uchigawenga mayiko, ndi zachilendo. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, pamene iye amazipanga wamphamvu padziko lonse, Komiti ya Msonkhano General UN ndi kachiwiri kuyesa kuyamba ntchito pa tanthauzo la zokhudza uchigawenga padziko lonse.

udindo Russia mu dera lonse

Ku Russia ndi zogwirizana kwambiri mu njira ya khama olowa kulimbana uchigawenga. Zakhala pofuna kuchotsa zotchinga - achipembedzo, maganizo, ndale kapena - pakati limati, otsutsana zolakwa zigawenga, chinthu chachikulu - bungwe kukana zothandiza mawonetseredwe onse a uchigawenga.

Monga wolowa wa USSR, ku Russia nawo mu misonkhano alipo konsekonse pa nkhondo. Ndi kwa nthumwi zake kubwera njira yonse yolimbikitsa, kuti akupanga chopereka kwambiri kutukula ongolankhula mabacteria yatsopano, ndi njira zothandiza kuti akonze wamba mayiko odana ndi uchigawenga kutsogolo.