Kodi kampani boma akumeneko: zizindikiro ubwino. Russia yaikulu boma akumeneko makampani: List, Mavoti

Chuma cha dziko zachokera chitukuko cha malonda osiyanasiyana kudzera malipiro awo msonkho kwa chuma cha dziko anapanga chifukwa cha bwino positive. Kupezeka kwa ndalama mphamvu, nayenso - chinsinsi moyo wopambana, chitsimikizo cha chitetezo, kukhulupirika kwa dziko, chitukuko khola. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za ndalama nthawi zonse m'mayiko anayamba ankatengedwa makampani boma akumeneko, mndandanda wa zomwe tinakambirana mwatsatanetsatane nanu m'nkhani ino. Izi makampani mbali yofunika kwambiri mu chuma cha dziko, ndipo ngakhale zatenga malo kutsogolera mu kagawo kakang'ono ake.

Kuona boma la kampaniyo

Izi mabungwe ndalama akhoza kukhala mosiyana maluso awo, koma wamba, kufanana ena. Motero, boma akumeneko kampani - bungwe kumene kungakhale pa gulu malamulo mtundu uliwonse. Komanso, katundu wake atathana wokwatibwa ndi boma, kaya mwachindunji kapena boma. Zosintha amaikidwa pamalo awo (ntchito pa mgwirizano) anthu akuluakulu. Dziwani mfundo zotsatirazi: boma kampani nthawi motsogozedwa osati mwa kufunafuna magwero kwambiri ndalama, komanso amayesetsa kukwaniritsa zofuna za anthu, monga momwe adalowa dzina lokha limafotokoza gulu limanena kuti boma n'chofunika kwambiri kuti akachite ntchito ya mlengi ndi ogula.

The chakudya chachikulu

boma akumeneko aliyense kampani:

• Iwo ayenera nacho chisindikizo imene zinasonyeza State chizindikiro cha la Russia. Komanso, kusindikiza ayenera zolembedwa dzina la utumiki wa bungwe.
• Iwo ali nkhani yotsegula ndi Zachuma Federal ndi bwino kutsegula akaunti ziliri pa gombe kapena mabungwe ena ngongole kwa zosiyanasiyana ankayendetsa zachuma.
• Zilibe malamulo alionse pa nthawi ya ntchito yomwe inakhazikitsidwa.
• Unkayenera kufalitsa amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za zochita zawo pansi pa lamulo.
• Iwo ali ndi ufulu ntchito ndi cholinga mumapezera ndalama kuchokera ntchito chomwe analengedwera. Pambuyo kupereka chindapusa onse ndi misonkho malamulo applicable, kampani amagwiritsa ntchito nkhani otsala zikutanthauza kuti tikwaniritse zolinga mwachindunji ndi lamulo Federal.
• Iwo sanafunike kukumana maudindo chojambulidwa la Russia. Nawonso Russia si udindo ngongole ya kampani.

ufulu

Boma akumeneko kampani pansi malamulo mulole:

• Tsegulani maudindo awo zina ndi kulenga nthambi zosiyanasiyana.
• Kukhala membala wa Kugwirizana ndi mayanjano ena.
• Lowani mapangano alamulo.
• Amajambulapo chawo (pennants, mbendera, zizindikiro, ndi zizindikiro zina) ndi zonse ndondomeko ya kaikidwe ndi ntchito zipangizo zawo ndi magalimoto.

Ubwino waukulu wogwira ntchito

Nthawi zambiri boma akumeneko kampani, amene ubwino zili m'munsimu, sangathe kupereka malipiro apamwamba zake wagawo ogwira (kupatulapo likhoza kupanga Ngopambana akuluakulu). Pa yomweyo ntchito zimenezo bungwe adzakhala mwapadera chotkom malinga ndi Labor Code. Ndiyeno zimenezi zinatanthauza kuti munthu wamba, kuti:

• Iwo amayenda kupeza kulowa kwanu mu lolembamo lapansi. Komanso ndi mgwirizano pa ntchito adzakhala anasaina ndithu.
• Ndi malipiro adzakhala nthawi zonse anakhalabe misonkho onse chofunika zopereka kuvomerezedwa kuti boma bajeti, kutanthauza kuti sipadzakhala madandaulo kuchokela ku ofesi yokhomera msonkho.
• Iye adzakhala kulandira kuvomerezedwa tchuthi analipira pachaka, umayi tchuthi, chodwala.
• Silidzachotsedwa zipolopolo popanda kutsatira zonse malamulo mosavomerezeka ndi zofunika (tcheru oyambirira, malipiro severance, ndi zina zotero).
• Ntchito tsiku adzakhala dekhetsa, izo atipatse malipiro yowonjezera ndi mlungu ntchito mogwirizana ndi lamulo.

M'pofunikanso chakuti boma akumeneko kampani kwa ofuna ntchito amaika zofunika zochepa kuyeza msinkhu, kuposa gulu pachokha. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa anthu zaka makumi anayi, omwe ndi mfundo ano pangozi mawu a ntchito.

mumaganiza Western

Mu ambiri m'mayiko capitalist wa dera la kumadzulo kwa dziko kwa nthawi yaitali pali bokosi khalidwe la khola, ndilo motere: achinyamata poyamba kumanga ntchito yawo ndiponso kuwonetsetsa nokha wabwino zakuthupi m'munsi m'tsogolo mu Makampani payekha ndi mabizinezi. Pambuyo pake, kuzungulira zaka 40-45, kusintha ntchito ndi kusuntha makampani boma akumeneko, mbali imene Zikatero, angamuthandize kumasuka penapake, chifukwa mu mabungwe amenewa zochepa ntchito mphamvu ndi penshioni wabwino ndi chikhalidwe chitetezo, amene akutsutsana amakhudza khalidwe ndi nthawi ya moyo. Komanso makampani boma akumeneko kawirikawiri kuika malonda pa ntchito yawo mu dziko lalikulu la Intaneti, ndipo nthawi zambiri mwapafupi kwambiri kugwirizana ndi kuphana zosiyanasiyana ntchito ndi ntchito oyang'anira tauni.

malamulo chilengedwe

Kujambula kampani boma akumeneko ndi malamulo ena a boma. Pankhaniyi, onetsetsani kuti kupanga gulu la otsogolera (supervisory gulu) la kampani (onse - thupi wapamwamba wa gulu).

Thupi yosamalira za bungwe akhoza kuthetsa nkhani zotsatirazi:

• Amavomereza dongosolo la ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. chikalata ichi pazikhalanso kukhazikitsa ulimi, chuma, ntchito ndalama, ngati anakhazikitsa lamulo feduro.
• Kunena mfundo antchito malipiro, amene ayenera operekedwa ndi kudalira pa mlingo malipiro olephera zizindikiro kiyi ntchito.
• Kudziwa ntchito phindu kampani.
• Sankhani kulanda katundu chuma cha gulu chuma cha boma la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Monga thupi wapamwamba adzakhala ndi mphamvu kupanga m'makomiti apadera ndi komishoni kuthana ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Njira opaleshoni ya nyumba anakhazikitsa ndi zikuchokera wawo kachulukidwe anatsimikiza ndi kusankha osiyana Board ndi Supervisory.

makampani boma akumeneko mu chuma

Russian makampani boma akumeneko maudindo kutsogolera m'madera ambiri a Boma zachuma Federation. Komabe, pali Boma kumene pamaso pa boma ndi otsika (mwachitsanzo, migodi ya malasha, kuwala ndi mafakitale chakudya).

% 9 Only limabweretsa nyumba boma kupanga mankhwala mowa. Izi zinali Zimatheka chifukwa cha "Tatspirtprom" ndi "Bashspirt".

Chomwecho mokwanira otsika chithunzi - 9% - lililonse makampani boma ndi kumanga.

Malowedwe boma zotsatira mu zamkati ndi pepala makampani ndi za 12%. Ndalama ndi mmodzi kampani boma akumeneko donates kwa Zachuma - Federal State Unitary ogwira "Gosznak". The chuma chachikulu cha yemweyo m'dera limeneli kwa zaka zambiri wokwatibwa ndi makampani ndi Makampani.

The gawo kutumiza mauthenga zimakhudza boma 14 okha%. Boma gulu yeniyeni apa ndi "Rostelecom". April 1, 2011 ndi Ufumuyo anali eyiti makampani dera "Svyazinvest" ndipo ambiri mwa makampani boma boma unitary.

State nawo yopanga magalimoto, nyumba ndi theka-nyumba ndi 17%, ndipo polenga zida ndiponso makina - 15%.

ofooka kwambiri udindo wa boma chikoka mu m'zigawo za ores zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi zitsulo. Apa, makampani boma akumeneko ndi 3 yekha% omwe sanali akakhala zitsulo. Pa nthawi yomweyo makampani zitsulo ndi anali kwathunthu ndi anthu ena pankhaniyo.

Mafuta. Dziko eneyo, asaaonerera pa 23% ya makampani. State kupewa chifukwa chuma cha "Rosneft" ndi "Gazprom Neft".

magetsi limabweretsa nyumba boma ndi 35%. The gawo lalikulu m'dera Moscow ( "Mosenergo" MOESK) ndi dongosolo feduro.

Popeza kuti boma mwini oposa theka la "Gazprom" magawo, ulamuliro wa makampani mpweya dziko ndi 48%.

57% - kuti ndi zingati limabweretsa makampani boma akumeneko kupanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, malo ndi ndege. malo a boma ndi wamphamvu kwambiri mu Ufa Engine Association Industrial, Kazan ndege Bzalani, ndi fakitale ndege mu Ulan-Ude, United Shipbuilding Company.

Chikoka champhamvu makampani akuluakulu boma akumeneko ndi makampani mayendedwe - 73%. Apa panabwera patsogolo njanji, mafuta ndi gasi mapaipi. Njanji zoyendera imayendetsedwa ndi JSC "Russian njanji" imene kwathunthu wokwatibwa ndi boma. Mapaipi ali mu "Transneft" ulamuliro, ndi gasi mapaipi -. "Gazprom"

msewu okhawo

State Company "misewu Russian" analengedwa ndi umagwira ntchito yokhayo yotumikira cholinga pogwira ntchito ya makasitomala m'kati kamangidwe, zomangamanga, kukhazikitsanso, kukonzanso ndi yokonza misewu. kampaniyo komanso chinkhoswe mu gulu la magalimoto (kuphatikizapo otaya ulamuliro zoyendera), kuonetsetsa mlingo kofunika utumiki (liwiro, chitonthozo, chitetezo), amalipiritsa ntchito misewu msonkho, imayang'anira makonzedwe a pamsewu, amayankha makhalidwe galimoto opaleshoni misewu . Komanso, boma bungwe amapereka kufunsira, zomangamanga ndi zina mu dera lawo anasankha ntchito. Mwa ntchito zake ndi monga kusindikiza ndi umalimbana kulengedwa kwa Atlas wa Russian Federation misewu. kampani komanso amalenga, zipangizo ndiponso zikugwira ntchito njira nzeru zonse otaya magalimoto, amasunga mbiri ya mitengo ngozi pa msewu. Pa nthawi yomweyo gulu ali ndi ufulu kugonjera boma mphoto antchito ake, ntchito mu gawo msewu.

Pangani kampani boma akumeneko, anaganiza July 17, 2009. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yolembedwa ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Medvedev, Chilamulo Federal.

Mu 2014, kampani boma "Russian Misewu" wafika mgwirizano ndi Russian Direct Investment Fund pa olowa kukopa ndalama ntchito zosiyanasiyana dera la zomangamanga zoyendera. mgwirizano umenewu kumaonjezera kuchuluka kwa kumanga misewu yatsopano mu dziko pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma. Mgwirizanowo analola kuphunzira kuchokera ku ŵa ndalama zakunja osachepera 25% ya ndalama ntchito.

June 24, 2016 mu Beijing unachitikira zokambirana za ntchito Intergovernmental Chirasha Chinese pa mgwirizano ndalama, omwe anali nawo tcheyamani "Avtodor" Sergei Kelbakh. The chifukwa cha msonkhanowo unali kuvomereza mndandanda wa patsogolo ntchito zomangamanga msewu. Makamaka mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa yomanga njira "Europe - Western China". ntchito ndi mbali ya maziko a misewu mkulu-liwiro. Mu ichi yomanga Russian kampani lonse boma ndi executor, amene adzayenera kumanga za 2.3 zikwi makilomita misewu. ntchito kumaphatikizapo magawo awiri. Woyamba wa makilomita 567 pa msewu mkulu-liwiro M-11 (Moscow - Saint-Petersburg). Gawo lachiwiri - kuchokera ku Central mphete Road ndi malire a dziko la Kazakhstan.

Zimphona Russian expanses

Russia yaikulu boma akumeneko makampani, ndithudi, ndi mabungwe amenewo, amene kwakukulukulu kudziwa chuma cha dziko lonse. Iwo Choncho kothandiza kwambiri kuganizira mndandanda wa titans izi. Mwa iwo amaoneka:

• "Matekinoloje Russian".
• "Rosatom".
• "RusHydro".
• Federal gululi Company ya Wonse Energy System.
• "Rosneft".
• "Gazprom".
• "Transneft".
• RAO "Mphamvu Systems wa East".
• "Aeroflot".
• "United ndege Corporation".
• "Russian njanji".
• "Almaz-Antey".
• "United Shipbuilding Corporation".
• Corporation "Tactical mivi".
• "AvtoVAZ".
• Asilikali Industrial Corporation "Scientific-Yopanga Association of luso lopanga."
• Roketi ndi Space Corporation "Energia" chikutchedwa S. P. Koroleva.
• Olowa Stock Company "ALROSA".
• "Vega".
• Concern "Nyanja m'madzi zida - Gidropribor".
• Center wa Shipbuilding ndi kukonza sitima Technology.
• "Roskhimzaschita".
• "Research ndi Yopanga Corporation" Uralvagonzavod "Dzerzhinsky".
• "Okeanpribor" Concern.
• "Information Satellite Systems" Academician M. F. Reshetneva.
• Corporation Industrial United "Oboronprom".
• "Microgen".
• Federal State Unitary ogwira "Russian Satellite Kulumikizana Company".
• FSUE "Mail la Russia".
• Federal State Unitary ogwira "Russian TV ndi Radio kuulutsa Network".
• Irkutsk mphamvu ndi electrification.
• System Wothandizira wa Wonse Energy dongosolo.
• Sheremetyevo International Airport.
• Koltsovo ndege.

akuluakulu Russian makampani onse awa boma akumeneko ali pansi pa ulamuliro wa matupi wamkulu boma ndi Commission pa High Technology ndi luso. Izi zachitika ndi cholinga cha chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsa ma nzeru chitukuko.

Mbali yaikulu ya boma

Makonzedwe oveteredwa makampani boma akumeneko, omwe chifukwa cha gawo yaikulu ya boma, adzakhala motere:

1. Ndege Corporation United (UAC). The kampani boma zili m'gulu la gawo luso lopanga. boma mwini 93,4% ya magawo. Corporation analowa kukhala mu 2006. Poyamba, onse 100% a magawo adali malo a mabungwe a boma, koma mu 2009 magawo a anagulitsidwa kwa anthu ena pankhaniyo.
2. "Alrosa" - sewerolo yaikulu ya diamondi mu dziko. Boma mwini 90,9% ya magawo.
3. "Tattelecom". Mphamvu osati wokwatibwa ndi kampani mwachindunji ndi kudzera atagwira "Svyazinvestneftekhim". Pankhaniyi, utsogoleli boma ndi 87,2% ya magawo a.
4. "Rosneft" ndi pansi pafupi tcheru boma. The State akugwirizira 82% ya magawo.
5. Mphamvu Company "UES" ndi gawo lalikulu udindo wa Federal Agency Katundu (79.55%).
6. "Transneft". 78,11% ya zilipo likulu ovomerezeka - chuma cha boma.
7. Bank "VTB". "Federal Katundu Management Agency" anagula 75,5% ya magawo.
8. "Kubanenergo" The kampani mphamvu anapatsa magetsi kuti malowa Olympic ku Sochi, limabweretsa boma ndi 70%.
9. "RusHydro". Cholowa cha Katundu Federal Management Agency ku kampani chimachititsa 60,5%.
10. "Inter RAO". Dziko mwini pafupifupi 60% pamtengo.
11. "Aeroflot" - membala zonse kunachitika la ndege mgwirizano SkyTeam, 51,17% ya magawo a boma.

Pomaliza: tikuyembekezera kuti nkhaniyi adakali ndi kumvetsa zimene boma la kampani lero, makhalidwe awo zazikulu zabwino ndi kuchuluka kwa nawo chitukuko cha Russia.