Reserve Karadag mu Crimea. Flora ndi zinyama za malo Karadag

Reserve Karadag (kuchokera Turkic - "Black Mountain") - ngodya wokongola kwambiri wa Crimea, amene ali otchuka ambiri a alendo a pachilumbachi. Kuyikidwa mu mbali kum'mwera kum'mawa, pakati pa mizinda ya Spa, Koktebel ndi Shebetovka (pafupi Feodosia), iye ndi mmodzi yekha mu Europe Geological chinthu, omwe m'nyumba yakale zinatha kuphulika.

Karadag malo: Volcano

kuphulika ake kuti chinachitika pa 120 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo adamtsata zachilengedwe zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha kuipidwa wapadera kwabasi, otchuka ndi wapadera. Black Sea gombe la Karadag zikuwoneka chodabwitsa: buluu buluu madzi wothwanima, ngati frosting zosasonyeza mtundu wake weniweni ndi zonse amasintha mtundu ku miyala ya nofeki ndi wachifundo zobiriwira cornflower, kupikisana ndi buluu wakumwamba.

Sveta Góra Karadag: mozizwitsa

Massif Karadaga popangidwa ndi mfundo zingapo akalumikidzidwa whimsical chokhala makoma angaloŵe ndi turrets ndi battlements. Pambuyo pawo paima ozungulira Woyera Mountain - chimbuzi wa Karadag kutalika mamita 577. Zochitikazo ndi matabwa, izo wapangidwa pafupi kwathunthu kwa njirayo - thanthwe popangidwa ndi phulusa la chiphala chamoto ndi kukhala mtundu Kamaoneka. Kale zinali pamwamba pa phiri anali malo opatulika a mulungu wamkazi Kali. Mu I m'ma AD. e. Mountain Woyera unali malo kulambira mulungu-mchiritsi Asclepius.

M'zaka za m'ma XIX nthano anali kufalitsa pakati pa anthu Chitata, ndilo Mountain Woyera unali unmarked manda a oyera, kuchiritsa odwala. Chikhulupiriro chimene anali wochita zozizwitsa, sizinkadziwika chake ankaopedwa ndi Asilamu, ndiponso Akhristu. Pafupi ndi madzulo khamu la anthu anayamba mu malo panopa Karadag ndipo anabweretsa kumalo amenewa mu ngolo odwala amene dzuwa lisanalowe odulidwa mwawo tsitsi ndi zidutswa za zovala, amanga nthambi za mitengo ndi zitsamba ndi maganizo kusunga matenda pa malo awa. Wodwala anaikidwa pa tombstone okulira ndi zikopa za nkhosa, ndipo anachoka usiku. Mundoto unali Mzimu Woyera, anamasulira chifukwa cha matenda, chizindikiro akadandaule kuchipatala ake kapena kutumizidwa kuchira. Khalani chozizwitsa mankhwala lilipo kwa zaka zambiri, pafupifupi chiyambi cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World.

Ku maganizo a sayansi kuchiritsa maluso Phiri Woyera anafotokoza ndi zotsatira anapeza izi malo amphamvu mphamvu geomagnetic kwambiri umakhudza nyengo nyama ndi zomera. A sepulchral slab (mwala - megalith) ndi accumulator mphamvu, anali litaphulitsidwa, gululi ndi kubedwa, malo anadetsa panthawi Soviet. Panopa akapereka loukitsa zotsalira otaika.

Karadag thanthwe

Karadag Nature Reserve, mbiri ya zomwe ndi zofanana wosangalatsa nthano, wapadera thanthwe formations, anapanga mchikakamizo cha zinthu zachilengedwe ndipo amafanana nyama chodabwitsa: A kavalo-gingerbread, ndi masinfikisi, Ivan wopanda khalidwe, chala Mdyerekezi. Lonse thematic zikuchokera waima Ridge Kagarach amene mfundo amatchedwa mfumu, Mfumukazi, Mpandowachifumu, zokoma. M'madera ena mapiri kuphwera pang'ono, zinasonyeza kuti ofika ang'ono ndi magombe yopapatiza-rimmed, alinso ndi dzina zachilendo: Chule, carnelian, mkango, Border, wakuba, Barakhta.

Golden Gate - khadi malonda a Karadag

Rock formations Golden Chipata kumadziŵikitsa Karadag. masiku ochepa chaka (pafupi ndi tsiku yozizira), imene mukhoza amasirira dzuwa. Amadziwika kuti ndi sewero chipata Karadag ophatikizidwa pamanja a "Eugene Onegin" AS Pushkin, amene anayenda mu Tauris. Golden Chipata adakali ndi dzina chachiwiri - Shaitan-kapu (ayi - Mdyerekezi Gate). Iye akhapidziwa kuti mu malo awa pali njira yopita ku gehena. Kunja, ndi Golden Gate ndi Chipilala, kuya madzi pansi pake pakuyenda mamita 15, kutalika pamwamba panyanja - mamita 8, m'lifupi - mamita 6. Pali chikhulupiriro chakuti, inkayenda pansi Chipilala ichi, kuponya ndalama mu thanthwe (kotero iye Belo) ndipo nthawi yomweyo kupanga chikwaniritsidwe udzabwera ndithu.

Wapadera wa Karadag

Karadag malo (chithunzi anapereka m'nkhani) ndi wapadera osati miyala ndi mapiri kwapadera mawonekedwe, komanso nyama ndi zomera. Ndi malo ambiri pangozi, kawirikawiri ndi kuderako (imapezeka kuno) mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera. Karadag malo - wapadera Biocomplex Crimea dera lomwe, molumikizana ndi malo kwabasi, ndi zachilendo zinthu zachilengedwe, miyala ya mchere yosowa wapadera Geological dongosolo, zochitika m'mbiri chidwi kwambiri asayansi padziko lonse komanso okonda zachilengedwe, alendo a chilumba ndi alendo.

Education Karadag Reserve

Ndi chifukwa misa kuyendera Crimea ngale unakhazikitsidwa mu 1979 Karadag Nature Reserve, m'dera yokutidwa mahekitala pafupifupi 2.9 Nchito zikwi, amene mahekitala 809 - pa Black Sea madzi m'deralo. muyeso izi zinali zofunikira ndi chabe anali kutsogolera kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha udindo wotchuka za gawolo. Osati wa bungwe, zakutchire, zokopa alendo wakhala kuopseza mineralogical chuma cha Karadag, ndi zingawonongeka ndithu kuti zomera - moto - ndi zomera - kuvutitsidwa.

Choncho, mapangidwe wa malo - muyeso kofunika, ngakhale kuti penapake belated: mitundu ya chiopysezo kwambiri mu mbalame zikuluzikulu zodya nyama, mileme ndi nyama zina kale mbisoweka.

Nature Karadag malo wolemera mitundu ndi umaimiridwa ndi mabacteria zitatu:

• kuyambira pa nyanja ndi mamita 250 - zoni steppe, kuchepetsedwa woodland ndi zitsamba;
• kuchokera mamita 250 450 - nkhalango ya pubescent thundu;
• pamwamba mamita 450 - hornbeam ndi sessile-thundu nkhalango.

Mu Crimea, pali 2,400 mitundu ya zomera maluwa. Ndipo pafupifupi theka la iwo akupezeka Karadag. The zomera lonse la malo kumaphatikizapo 2.782 mitundu, ambiri amene ali m'gulu la Red Data Books osiyanasiyana. Pali zomera kuti moyo kokha kuno ndi kwina kulikonse.

Mu dziko maphunziro kwa nthawi yaitali pali mkangano, palibe malo Karadag phiri Crimea ndi zikuchepa osiyana steppe mbali ya pachilumbachi, otsiriza chikumbutso kwa Black Sea Atlantis - Pontida, kamodzi yolumikiza chilumba ndi Turkey Black Sea gombe. Izi njira zina amasonyeza madera ndi nyengo ya malo Karadag. Pontida akhoza zogwirizana ndi kupukuta dziko ndi Caucasus ndi Balkans: akanakhoza uwoneka pano ndi kukhazikika pansi, zomera achilendo yekha zigawo izi.

Karadag malo: Nyama

Karadag zinyama ndi chifukwa chidwi kwambiri. Izi kabawi, nyalugwe wothamanga analowa mu mayiko Red Book. Nyama awa akuimira mileme yosiyanasiyana awo onse. Mwa tizilombo osowa tingaone pansi kachilomboka Crimea, owlfly, lalikulu flightless chiwala (steppe Dybok), mitundu yambiri ya mantis. Kuli mwala marten, Crimea ndi thanthwe abuluzi, agologolo, hedgehogs, mphalapala, nguluwe. Mbalame oposa 200 mitundu, ngakhale onse chisa pano.

Anthu a madzi Karadag

Nyanja amakopeka madzi ungwiro ndi ochokera pansi (chipolopolo thanthwe, miyala, mchenga), zomwe zimachititsa kuchuluka kwa invertebrates benthic, makamaka nkhanu, annelids ndi bivalves. Akuti anthu a madzi Karadag zimapanga 50-70% ya zinyama zonse Black Sea. Komanso Karadag Beach zambiri kotheka kukumana ndi Black Sea anamgumiwa. Usodzi mtengo ndi mamazelo. Mwatsoka, mbisoweka wina nsomba Black Sea nkhono - nkhono. Ichi ndi chifukwa kufala kwa Black Sea brine - ndi zolusa nkhono Far East. Kuyambira tizilomboto izi aukali Kuwonjezera oysters zowawa wina Black Sea bivalves: a modiolyus lalikulu, sikalopu, polititapes. Komabe, tsopano iye rapana massively kufalitsa gombe la Karadag, anakhala mitundu chandamale, ndi zipolopolo zake wokongola bwinobwino kumawombera alendo.

Karadag chilombo alipo?

Madzi Karadag, malinga ndi nthano zakale, wokhala ndi chinjoka. Tsika pa nkhani ya Aroma, Agiriki ndi Byzantines, izo zikuwoneka ngati chachikulu mdima-imvi njoka yoteroyo chachikulu clawed, wowopsa pakamwa, lili ndi mizere ochepa mano lalikulu lakuthwa, akhoza kukhala pa gulu liwilo, mosavuta zikuwachitikira ngalawa. Mu zaka XVI-XVIII Turkey oyendetsa mobwerezabwereza imatiuza za Sultan zosimba ndi Black Sea njoka. Ife anamuona, ndi akapitawo panyanja wa asilikali Fedora Ushakova kukanena nkhaniyi Mfumu Nicholas I. mfumu anatumiza kukaona kugwira chilombo, koma iye zinalephereka. dzira yaikulu anapezeka ndi drakonoobraznym Ndisanaumbidwe vesivshee makilogalamu 12.

Nthano zimenezi akhala anatsimikizira mu 1990, pamene asodzi 3 miles ku Karadag malo Intaneti anakokera thupi ziwalo za dolphin a. Kuweruza ndi kuluma m'lifupi m'kamwa mwa chinjoka chinali za mita, ndipo mano - 4-5 masentimita. Anawona okwaniritsa anaponya asodzi mantha. Mu 1991, chitsanzo chaka chatha anabwereza lokha maukonde pa malo omwewo anagwira dolphin wina ndi kuvulala ofanana.

Karadag alendo Peninsula

Karadag Nature Reserve lagawidwa m'zigawo: lotseguka - alendo, komanso otetezeka - mosamalitsa kutetezedwa. Alendo kubwera kuno ndi zosangalatsa, chikhalidwe owonetsera zakale anatsegula Dolphinarium ndi Aquarium, anachititsa maulendo bwato, maulendo kuti njira zachilengedwe ndi njira inali kuphimba mbali chidwi kwambiri a m'dera limeneli; Komabe, ndiotetezedwa ku kuwukira mwachindunji.

Karadag Tizilombo Station ndi Reserve zonse inventoried nyama ndiponso zomera, kuchititsa mokwanira kafukufuku, kuphunzira zinyama benthic ndi zomera zam'madzi. Pamaziko a malo zikupita ophunzira mchitidwe Geological ndi kwachilengedwenso luso mabungwe ambiri maphunziro.