Population ndi dera m'chigawo Novosibirsk. Mzinda wa Novosibirsk Region

Kumwera kwa Western Siberia ili Novosibirsk dera, amene kumalire Altai dera Omsk, Tomsk ndi Kemerovo zigawo, ndipo ndi imodzi mwa zigawo malire, limodzi ndi Kazakhstan.

Mbiri ya Region Novosibirsk

dera Novosibirsk anakhazikitsidwa mu 1937, koma chitukuko cha deralo zinachitika kale mapangidwe ake. Pa zofukulidwa zosiyanasiyana zotsalira, asayansi ankaganiza kuti maonekedwe choyamba cha mwamuna anali kumbuyo m'nyengo Paleolithic, umene uli ku M'badwo Stone apezeka.

Pang'onopang'ono katswiri gawo ndi anthu a m'dera Novosibirsk mu Ages Middle anali anthu Turkic, lotsogoledwa ndi khans. Mu zaka 13-15 m'derali anali kunja kwa mzinda kum'mawa kwa Golden gulu, ndipo kenaka - ndi Siberia Khanate.

Basi pakati pa zaka za m'ma 17, malinga ndi asayansi ambiri, m'dera zinafika asezare Russian, ndipo penapake mu 1644 anapanga m'mudzi Maslyanino. Pang'ono ndi dera Novosibirsk anayamba kukuza malo mwa kumanga midzi, nyumba, forts ndi Ataliatali, pamene kuopsa wongosamukasamuka utachepa.

Isanafike 1921, monga m'dera kulibe, chifukwa anali mbali ya chigawo Tomsk, zina anali gawo Novonikolayevsk chigawo, Siberia dera, West Siberia dera. Only mu 1937 mphepete mbali ziwiri: Novosibirsk Region ndi Altai Gawo.

m'dera

Lero, ndi umodzi wa lalikulu kwambiri la Russia. Dera m'chigawo Novosibirsk ndi 177 zikwi sq. Km, izo akuchita udindo 18 mwa madera onse Russian ndi malo 6 mwa a Siberia Federal District pambuyo Krasnoyarsk Gawo, dera Irkutsk, ndi ena. Iwo umachokera ku kumpoto kwa kum'mwera 444 Km, kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo - 642 Km.

anthu

Chiwerengero cha dera Novosibirsk pa mawerengedwe a 2013 anali anthu miliyoni 2,7. Ambiri - nzika m'tawuni, koma 77%, kotero anthu kachulukidwe ndi anthu 15,2. pa sq. Km. 90% ya anthu - Russian, woimiridwa ndi mitundu imeneyi, Germany, Ukrainians, ndi ena. Tikumbukenso kuti malowa ali urbanized, kutanthauza kuti pafupifupi 60% amakhala Novosibirsk, 17% - mizinda ina, ndipo% 23 zokha - m'midzi, midzi ndi midzi m'tawuni.

Mizinda ndi midzi

mzinda wa dera Novosibirsk - ndi nkhani 15 okha. Novosibirsk imatengedwa waukulu, ndi anthu a anthu oposa 1.5 miliyoni, komanso Berdsk ndi anthu pafupifupi 100 zikwi. Man, Iskitim, Kuibyshev, ndi ena, pamene chithunzi si upambana 30 chikwi. Man.

Mizinda yakale kwambiri ndi Kargath ndi Berdsk, amene anaonekera mu zaka za m'ma 18, ndipo wamng'ono - ndi ob, kupangidwa mu 1934. N'zochititsa chidwi mzinda chikutchedwa dera lalikulu la mtsinje, koma waterway ndi 15 Km kutali.

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri a moyo m'mizinda m'chigawo alinso 30 m'maboma a kayendetsedwe ndi 17 m'tauni-mtundu midzi. Mudzi wa dera Novosibirsk lili ndi mbiri yake, ndipo ena mwa iwo ndi zaka zingapo. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri imatengedwa Kolyvan, kumene pafupifupi 12 chikwi. Anthu ali ndi mbiri wolemera (mbiri izo unayamba chaka 1797). Pali mkazi Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa, imodzi awiri m'dera lonse. Mudzi kapena kukhuta, kumene pafupifupi 7 zikwi. Anthu. Akukhulupirira kuti anakhazikitsidwa mu 1703, ngakhale tsiku ndi kufunsidwa. Near mudzi pali chipatala chaching'ono, amene ali m'munsi mwa mankhwalawa ndi kupewa thirakiti m'mimba (inamangidwa mu 1965).

dera Novosibirsk: Kuibyshev

Mmodzi wa mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri, kuwonjezera Novosibirsk, kupeza Kuibyshev, kumene pafupifupi 45 chikwi. Anthu. mzinda anakhazikitsidwa mu 1722 pamene mpanda asilikali ndi kuukira wongosamukasamuka ndipo anaitana Kainsk izo zikutanthauza yomasulira ku chinenero cha Baraba Chitata "birch". Kale mu 1743, pamene mpingo inamangidwa, anaganiza ntchito malowa ngati Pamudzi, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kukodzedwa. Mu 1935 mzindawu anadzatchedwa Kuibyshev. Novosibirsk dera, kusintha kachiwiri mu 1937, analandira mwa umembala wake mzindawu, umene ndi angapo zaka anasintha dzina yake Kuibyshev ndi Kuibyshev, koma kenako anabwerera Baibulo koyamba.

Kwa zaka zoposa 80 wakhala anamanga sukulu zingapo ndi mabungwe sekondale, lotseguka nyama Distillery, mankhwala konkire zomera ndi fakitale kusoka.

Zokopa chachikulu ndi mpingo wa St John Mbatizi, anamanga mu 1904, yekhayo amene anapulumuka pa zaka mphamvu Soviet. Komanso, National History Museum, omwe chinamasulidwa mu 1988, ndipo zosiyanasiyana mabungwe chikhalidwe oyang'anira tauni.

Nature nyengo

Dera m'chigawo Novosibirsk ndi okwanira. Inkakhala ku Siberia, koma ndi nyengo mwachilungamo kotentha kumene m'chilimwe ndi otentha ndipo nyengo ozizira. Palibe nthenda nyengo yozizira, monga ambiri Western ndi kum'mawa Siberia, koma tsiku lina chinalembedwa -51 °.

Mbali ya m'dera yokutidwa boreal nkhalango (kani, 1/5), lomwe kukula mitundu mtengo monga paini, Oil, paini, birch, alinso meadows ndi mapiri. The dera wolemera chuma mchere, kuphatikizapo mafuta, malasha, ores akuda, nsangalabwi ndi golide.

Malo yaikulu ya chigawo Novosibirsk - mtsinje ob ndi Om ndi Novosibirsk mosungiramo, kapena monga kutchedwa, ob Sea.

Dera amakopa alendo ndi chikhalidwe zake ndi kukhalapo kwa akasupe matenthedwe ndi madipoziti matope, kuti anatsegula kwambiri a zolemba zatsiku ndi nyumba yogonamo, kumene anthu amabwera kumasuka ndi kuchiritsa.

chuma

Dera m'chigawo Novosibirsk, poyerekeza ndi nzika za Western ndi kum'mawa Siberia, olemekezeka, koma ndi zazikulu kuposa Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands ndi Switzerland zimagwira ndipo izi zimathandiza kuti kukhala chuma chake mu malo osiyanasiyana kuyambira makampani kutsiriza ndi ecotourism.

Kodi chidwi - ndalama yaikulu kumabweretsa gawo utumiki, mlandu 60% ya GDP, 24% ya malonda komanso ulimi wa 6-7%, kutanthauza kuti kukula kwa ndalama zakunja zikuchulukirachulukira, kusonyeza kuti chikoka m'maderawa.

gawo wolemera mchere, ndipo ndi lotseguka 523 gawo, pafupifupi 80 amene panopa ntchito. Bwino anayamba mafakitale monga nyumba makina, mankhwala ndi nkhuni makampani, akakhala ndi nonferrous zitsulo, kupanga zipangizo yomanga.

Mu ulimi, makamaka zikugwira kuswana ng'ombe, nkhuku ndi nkhosa, komanso kukula fulakesi.

cholowa mu dera chitukuko ndi anayambitsanso mafuta ndi mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a mafuta ndi malasha makampani.

mzinda onse akuluakulu a dera Novosibirsk amathandiza kuti chitukuko cha deralo. Sikuti Novosibirsk - likulu la cuma lonse, komanso Kuibyshev, ndi Berdsk ndi Iskitim.

Zomangamanga ndi Administration

Novosibirsk Region Administration ali malamulo ndi wamkulu yake mphamvu, ndipo akuima pa mutu wa kazembe. Pakuti nthawi zonse anali 5. Iwo anasankhidwa mwa anthu ndi mutsogoleli wadziko zaka pambuyo mapangidwe abwanamkubwa Russian.

dera lonse lagawidwa mayunitsi utsogoleri, monga mizinda 15, kuphatikizapo 8 a iwo a subordination dera, 30 m'maboma utsogoleri, midzi 17, ndipo 428 maboma a kumidzi.

Novosibirsk dera - mmodzi wa nzika zapamwamba kwambiri ku Western Siberia mu izo ali aang'ono okwana zofunika zoyendera pali 11 ndege (Tolmachevo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana). Nkofunika ndi njanji anatambasula zoposa 1,500 Km.

Aliyense akudziwa kuti kulinso malo a sayansi ndi maphunziro, ndi pamaso pa Akademgorodok, pamene pali ambiri mabungwe kafukufuku amene, ndithudi, limalimbikitsa ntchito yoyang'anira dera Novosibirsk. Chimakopa antchito atsopano, amene amagwira ntchito pa yunivesite ya State, Physics ndi Masamu School, Institute of Physics nyukiliya, pakati pa virology ndi umisiri ndi mabungwe ena a sayansi.