Pisa Cathedral: Mbiri ya kalembedwe wapadera. Tsankhu Tower wa Pisa ndi mobatizira

Pisa Cathedral lili yaing'ono m'tauni ku Italy Pisa. Cathedral ndi wotchuka atatsamira Tower ndi mobatizira ndi chizindikiro cha mzinda, kukopa masauzande alendo pachaka. mzinda anakhazikitsidwa zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri zapitazo, lero ndi kunyumba kwa zosakwana 90 chikwi. Man. Ndinabadwira ndi kuphunzira pa yunivesite m'dera wotchuka Galileo Galilei, ndi botanical mumzinda moyenerera kukhala wopambana mu dziko. Kachisi anamaliza zazikulu akale tione mzinda chodabwitsa, wokhala afuna kuuzanso ndi kusonyeza chachikulu cha Pisa.

Mbiri ya kumanga kachisi

Pisa Cathedral ndi chachikulu cha mzinda ndi limodzi mwa mabuku akale ku Italy. Idamangidwa mu 1063, m'nyengo ya kutukuka Pisa, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa malo lalikulu kugula ku Italy. Yomanga inatenga awiri zaka zambiri, pa nthawi imene tchalitchi anapeza yake yapadera ndi inimitable tione.

Linamangidwa ndi wamanga Busketo Di Dzhovanni Giudice, amene m'masiku amenewo anali wodziwika maganizo nzeru ndi kumanga sikelo. Pamaso pake inali yovuta - kunali koyenera kumanga nyumba akanati waposa ndi kukongola kwa dongosolo ndi Cathedral wa St. Mark ku Venice, yomwe inamangidwa pa nthawi yomweyo. Pisa ndi Venice ankalimbana ndi mnzake mu zinthu zonse, ndipo atatsamira akuluakulu sakanakhoza kuitaya mfundo imeneyi.

Busketo pakati ndithu lalikulu tchalitchi - mu nyumba imodzi anafuna kutchula mumaganiza angapo mapulani. Choncho Pisa Cathedral, amene kalembedwe anali chosiyana nthawi, muli mfundo za Byzantine, Lombard ndi Muslim. Busketo anakwanitsa osati kumanga kukongola zosaneneka za mpingo, iye walenga malangizo wachibadidwe watsopano pa zomangamanga - Pisan Romanesque kalembedwe.

maonekedwe

Kulengedwa kwa wapakamwa waukulu wa Cathedral wotanganidwa ndi mmisiri wina, Rainaldo. Iye wodzilemekeza maganizo ake Busketo kukwezedwa ochepa ofanana kapangidwe zinthu. The wapakamwa yaikulu maonekedwe atsopano - tsopano iye chokongoletsedwa ndi arcades semicircular, wopangidwa mwa njila yosavuta. Anayenera wakuda, woyera ndi buluu nsangalabwi mu chitsanzo checkerboard. Izi njira yosavuta amayang'ana chidwi kwambiri, kusiyanitsa dzuwa ndipo amachititsa akutama kuyang'anitsitsa.

Cathedral Chipilala ndi mizati zinali za nthawi imene ambuye bwino kuti m'zimene amve processing mbali. Pisa Cathedral ali mawonekedwe a mtanda pamene kuonera pamwamba - ichi ndi njira mwambo aang'ono Katolika. chikuoneka kukwapula alendo ukulu arches lubwe, ziboliboli ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mbali ting'onoting'ono anapanga mwandondomeko ndi jeweler a.

Chokongoletsera mkati

Lero mulibe zinasungidwa primeval mkati mawonekedwe amene ali Cathedral wa Pisa. Italy kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVI anakumana ndi moto wamphamvu, apa pali anali mmodzi wa iwo, chimene chinawononga dongosolo matabwa. Zimenezi zitachitika, makoma onse chokongoletsedwa ndi thandizo la utoto nsangalabwi, denga panayikidwa gilt ndi mikono ya Medici.

Pambuyo moto 1302 anapulumuka zithunzi, lomwe limasonyeza Khristu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anakhazikitsa Dipatimenti amene wakhala lero chionetsero wapadera chosema akale. mbali chapamwamba limasonyeza zithunzi yaikulu ya New Testament kuti akhala chosema kuchokera nsangalabwi.

Atatsamira nsanja ya Pisa

Nsanja anakhazikitsidwa atangochoka anamaliza kumanga zikuluzikulu za tchalitchichi. Miyala yoyamba nyumba maziko anaikidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XII, ntchito yomanga mpanda wake unatha pafupifupi zaka mazana motsogozedwa ndi mapulani osiyanasiyana ndipo kangapo linasokonekera chifukwa kuweramira chifukwa.

M'zaka za m'ma XIII, anaganiza kukonza otsetsereka mwa zipinda mwapadera anamanga zamwano, koma uyu sanali zimam'pindulira, otsetsereka akadali anapitiriza. Iwo inatha mu 1350, anthu okwana 8 apansi ndi kutalika okwana mamita 56 inamangidwa.

Ndingaliro ya nsanja chifukwa nthaka yofewayo pa maziko ake. Zolakwa kamangidwe, wapanga mzinda wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo dzina la nsanja - dzina banja. Lililonse alendo odzacheza Italy, cholinga kuti zithunzi kukopa izi. Mu 2008, asayansi analengeza kuti ndondomeko ya kugwa ndi pafupi kutha.

mobatizira

Pisa Cathedral zikutanthauza gulu loyimba ake ndi nyumba ina imagwira wapadera zake kalembedwe - mobatizira. Ndi yaikulu mu Italy, kutalika kwa circumference ali wamkulu kuposa mamita 100. Ngati nsanja, izo Chili masitaelo awiri, Romanesque ndi Gothic, monga inamangidwa pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana ndi mapulani osiyanasiyana.

nyumbayi ndi opangidwa ndi nsangalabwi. The gawo loyamba chokongoletsedwa ndi zitsime zosambiramo, kuphatikizaponso anamanga mu kalembedwe Byzantine, kupitiriza kufunga Gothic - ang'onoang'ono Chipilala-mano, kapangidwe wapawiri. Mkati mwa tchalitchi amakhala ndi chipsinjo. nyumbayi ali chokongoletsedwa ndi ng'ombe ndi mzikiti wozungulira kuti amalenga mwa iye zowulutsira wapadera.

Kodi wina kuona Pisa

Kumene, alendo zimatumizidwa Pisa kuona ndekha katswiri kamangidwe ka Zapakati ndipo amasangalala kuona lapadera nsanja kugwa Pisa. Koma atafika ku Pisa, muyenera kulabadira mumzindawo.

Near zovuta ndi manda Campo Santo. Linapangidwa kalembedwe mofanana Cathedral wa Pisa, zithunzi ndi arches Gothic ndi arches Romanesque mu akalozera ulendowu ndi pa ndime ndi nsanja. Atatsamira khitchini isiyana ndi miyambo Italy zokometsera amakambirana ndi sharpness kuphedwa: odyera ambiri omwera asonyezedwa kwa mbale tingachipeze powerenga za alendo amene anayesa izo apobe Galileo Galilei pano.