Osungirako zachilengedwe ndi nkhokwe chikhalidwe cha Baikal. nkhokwe Baikal

Padziko lathuli, pali malo amene akhoza zapamwamba zolengedwa kwambiri zachilengedwe. Pakati pawo malo apadera wotanganidwa ndi otchuka Nyanja Baikal a m'deralo ngakhale kutchedwa nyanja. Mu madera ozungulira ndi wokongola kwambiri: zambiri zomera chidwi kukula pano. Ndipo nyama zina kuti moyo pafupi, kulikonse mu dziko salinso anapeza. N'zoona kuti ena a iwo, mwatsoka, ali pafupi kutha.

Nature nkhokwe ndi National Parks Baikal bungwe ambiri a m'gawo la pafupi ndi nyanja, kuthandiza kuteteza ndi kuteteza malo pristine onse ndi zinyama kawirikawiri ndi zomera.

Nyanja wotchuka Russia

Mu Russia on Lake Baikal sakudziwa, mwina chabe aulesi. Komabe, kuzungulira dziko, malo zachilengedwezi wotchuka kwambiri.

Iwo lili mbali ya kum'mwera ya kum'mawa Siberia, pafupi ndi malire a dera Irkutsk ndi Republic of Buryatia. Nkhokwe Baikal, chithunzi chimene pang'ono okha kusonyeza kukongola kwa malo awa pano.

Malo onse a posungira anati ukufika pafupifupi 32 zikwi makilomita lalikulu. Kudera limeneli mofanana ndi mayiko monga Netherlands kapena Belgium! Kodi mungamve bwanji ikuluikulu Baikal? Kutalika kwa nyanja anafalikira makilomita 620, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuchokera mlenga lenga, iwo pafupifupi amaoneka ngati kachigawo mwezi.

Asayansi amati zaka nyanjayi ndi zaka zoposa 20 miliyoni. Childs, nyanja anapanga pa Ice Age, pali kokha pafupi 15 zaka chikwi, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono kutheratu padziko lathuli. Koma kuponyedwa mu malo nyanja akadali sakusonyeza zizindikiro za ukalamba. Komanso, asayansi amanena kuti nyanja akhoza akutulukira nyanja.

Kodi wotchuka Nyanja Baikal

Komabe, osati chifukwa cha kukula kwake chidwi ndi zapadera zaka wakale wotchuka Baikal. Mu dziko amadziwika monga kwambiri m'nyanja zakuya. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa mtunda pazipita izo kuchokera pamwamba madzi pansi mamita 1642! Yerekezerani m'nyanja zakuya pa ena, amatchedwa "Tanganyika" monyadira akuya mamita 1.470 yekha.

Baikal akadali woyera kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale anaona yosungirako ukonde wa madzi abwino pa Dziko Lapansi.

Amazing chikhalidwe malo mwa nyanja ya Baikal

chikhalidwe Wodabwitsa, limene lili pakati pa nyanja zazikulu. Pafupi ndi pansi wochindikala chamgwiro limakhalapo pafupifupi 600 mitundu ya zomera. Animal Baikal dziko wodzaza zosiyanasiyana: Ndipotu pali zoposa 2000 mitundu. Pankhaniyi, ambiri a nyama ndi zomera zitha kupezeka pano.

Mwachitsanzo, nyama chodabwitsa cha Baikal chisindikizo, kapena chisindikizo Baikal. Iye ndi woimira okha nyama ya m'madzi pano, ndi achibale ake apamtima zimapezeka ya Caspian ndipo Nyanja North, komanso mu Nyanja Ladoga.

oimira chabwino cha Baikal zinyama ndi sable, akatumbu, chimbalangondo, weasel, gologolo, weasel ndi wolverine. Pano mukhoza kupeza nambala yaikulu mbalame, makamaka waterfowl. Ndipotu Mwachitsanzo, ambiri swans, abakha, gulls, atsekwe ndi ngakhale herons imvi okondwa kufika chotero thambo lalikulu la madzi.

malo otetezedwa nyanja ya Baikal

Pofuna kuteteza nyama ndi zomera zazikulu mbali yapadera kutetezedwa akhazikitsidwa.

Pakati pawo, pali zingapo nkhokwe chikhalidwe ndi m'mapaki awiri dziko. Baikal Reserve zikuphatikizapo zinthu zitatu zosiyana, yomwe ili mu madera osiyana a nyanza. ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi kuteteza zatsala pang'ono kutha komanso yosowa ya nyama ndi zomera, komanso kuwapatsa zinthu zabwino kubalana.

nkhokwe Baikal

Nkhokwe pa dera la Baikal ochuluka monga asanu. Aliyense wa iwo lakonzedwa kukhala kapena kubwezeretsa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi kukhala bwino zachilengedwe chonsecho a m'gawo lake.

The wamkulu wa iwo - Kabansky Reserve, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1967. Iwo lili ankadziwana la mtsinje wotchedwa Selenga, pa gombe kum'mawa la nyanja. cholinga chake ndi kuteteza waterfowl ndi malo amene zimakhala. Mu 1975 Stepnodvoretsky malo analengedwa, komanso inali pa gombe kum'mawa. Ndi cholinga chake kukhala ndi kubala Siberia roe agwape ndi nyama zina.

Verkhneangarsky Reserve anakhazikitsidwa mu 1979 pa kumpoto cha Nyanja ya Baikal, mu kum'mawa kwa ankadziwana wa Upper Angara. ntchito yake - chitetezo cha moyo pa gawo waterfowl ake. M'dera Baikal m'mbali kum'mawa kwa nyanja mu 1981 anaonekera Pribaikalskiy malo, amene ayenera akonzedwe ndi kukhalabe chiwerengero cha nyama zakuthengo.

kumpoto, kum'mawa gombe la nyanja ya Baikal 1988 anakhala gawo Frolihinskogo malo, amene ayeneranso kuthandiza chiwerengero cha nyama zimene zimakhala apa. Kwambiri posachedwapa mu 1995 Enheluksky malo gawo la kumtunda kum'mawa kwa nyanja lisanalengedwe. Ntchito yake inali kubereka, kuteteza ndi kubwezeretsa kwa nyama ndi mbalame ndi wofunika mu chikhalidwe, sayansi ndi chuma dongosolo.

osungirako zachilengedwe pa nyanja

Choyamba pa nyanja zinaonekera Pribaikalskiy National Park. Iwo unapangidwa bungwe mu February 1986, ndipo lero m'gawo lake ndi 418 zikwi. Ha. Mbaliyi lonse kumadzulo gombe la nyanja, ku mfundo kum'mwera kwa Nyanja Small ndi kalulu Mtsinje, amene ndi malire a kum'mwera kwa ena kutetezedwa m'dera pansi pa dzina "Baikal-Lena Reserve". Pa Baikal Iyi ndi wotchuka chilumba Olkhon.

Ambiri a m'dera lonse ali ndi nkhalango. Baikal nyama ndi zomera za paki ali mitundu yoposa 500 osiyana. Nyama zina zopezeka pano m'gulu pangozi, ndi zomera ndi zamoyo chosowa kwambiri zomwe kukuteteza wapadera.

Mu September chaka chomwecho iye anayambitsa paki wina dziko - Trans-Baikal, malo mahekitala 270 zikwi .. Iwo ali kum'mawa gombe la nyanja, kum'mwera izo zimasokoneza mtsinje Barguzin. paki ndi pafupi m'dera lotchedwa "The Barguzin Reserve". Baikal Nyanja pabwalopo zikuphatikizapo Mphuno Woyera chilumba, Chivyrkuisky Gulf zilumba Ushkany chilumba, ndipo ngakhale mbali ya malo nyanja.

Chifukwa chachikulu kwa chilengedwe cha paki uyu wakhala kusamala zachilengedwe Transbaikalia, kuphatikizapo Baikal chisindikizo, amene amakonda kukonza Ushkaniye rookeries pa zilumba, ndi waterfowl zokhala m'nyanja Arangatuy.

Zazikulu Baikal Reserve

Chifukwa chotero ambiri malo otetezedwa kusamalira pafupifupi labwinobwino kusunga palokha ndipo Baikal. Reserve - malo pomwe pali ulamuliro okhwima chitetezo, choncho gawo lililonse amenewa analetsa kusaka, mitengo, kusonkhana zomera, zipatso ndi bowa ndi migodi. Komanso malo weniweni sayansi m'munsi, kumene anaphunzitsidwa nyama ndi amatengedwa ndi zipangizo za sayansi.

madera onsewa kudziteteza mwapadera, chifukwa aliyense wa iwo kuyang'aniridwa pafupi ndi monga zomera munthu ndi nyama, ndi onse lonse la chilengedwe. Kufika malo nyanja, muyenera kupeza chilolezo cha dongosolo, ndi muyeso ndi wolungama.

Barguzin malo

Ili pa nyanja malo, yemwe ali mmodzi wa wamkulu mu Russia. Izo analengedwa mu May 1916 kupulumutsa ndi kubwezeretsa anthu sable. m'gawo lake ukutchulidwa 374 zikwi. Ha ndipo lili pafupi otsetsereka kumadzulo ya Barguzin lokwera pa gombe kum'mawa kwa nyanja ya Baikal.

Barguzin Nature Reserve ndi miyeso yolinganizira chenicheni cha chikhalidwe ndi mwachindunji ku chikhalidwe malo ndi biosphere polygon. Ambiri mwa malo m'dera aphimbidwa makamaka mwa nkhalango yowirira ndi wokongola ya m'mapiri meadows. Wambiri chinapangidwira komanso wotanganidwa ndi miyala, pali ngakhale zithaphwi. A ambiri osowa ndipo ngakhale kutchulidwa Red Book zinyama amakhala m'dera. The Barguzin Reserve amatenga kuyambira zoposa 11 mitsinje m'nyanja. Komabe apa ndi wapadera akasupe ikukhudzana imene madzi usavutike madigiri 70 ndipo apamwamba.

Chaka chilichonse kuno amakonda kuti khamu lalikulu la alendo, koma pafupifupi onse m'gawo la malo chatsekedwa kwa iwo. Oimika magalimoto m'madera mwapadera anasankha apa muyenera kasamalidwe wapadera chilolezo. Konzani zingakhale okha pa mmodzi wa cordons lapansi. Iwo zili Bay a Sosnovka pa capes nkhumba ndi Shegnanda ndi kilometre wina wa kumpoto kwa m'kamwa mwa mtsinje panonso.

Ndipo dera la biosphere polygon njanjira ndi pakamwa mitsinje awiri - Cabaña ndi Shegnanda - mukhoza kusiya ndi pafupifupi palibe malamulo.

Mwa njira, m'mudzi wa Dashva zokhudza malo, pali kowonera zakale za chilengedwe. Iwo momasuka pitani alendo kulikonse.

Baikal malo

mwachindunji mwayi kwa Great Lakes wakhala si ili pa gombe lake kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa Baikal Nature Reserve. Baikal wosiyana izo mwa njanji ndipo misewu kuti zinamangidwa pafupi pagombe pafupi ndi malire a kumpoto cha m'dera limeneli. Idamangidwa mu September 1969, ndi madera ake, malo pafupifupi 166 zikwi. Ha.

Baikal Reserve ali m'chigawo chapakati cha lokwera wotchedwa Khamar-Daban. Pali zimachitika pafupifupi 30 mitsinje, kunyumba kwa zimbalangondo, afisi, nkhandwe ndi sables. Komanso apa mungapeze kwambiri nyama zimene zalembedwa monga pangozi: wakuda dokowe, Crested Honey khwangwala, otter, mbedza-nosed mphalapala ndi mbalameyi.

Baikal-Lena Reserve

Dera waukulu chigawo 659 zikwi. Ha, akuchita Baikal-Lena Reserve. Baikal wabisa pa gombe lake kumpoto-kumadzulo, Olkhon ndi Kachugsky District wa Region Irkutsk. Kudera limeneli chitetezo m'chilengedwe wamng'ono, monga unakhazikitsidwa mu December 1986.

Mu malo pali zingapo zikhomo wotchuka Baikal: zimaphala angapo mapiri wakale, Cape otchedwa Ryty ndi magwero a Lena Mtsinje. Komanso, dera limeneli lili ndi zimbalangondo, pali ngakhale gombe bulauni zimbalangondo, m'mapiko pakati headlands awiri: The akufa ndi Elokhin. Izi zosamveka pambuyo kudzuka ku hibernation, mmene kudya. Ngakhale apa mungapeze mimbulu, amphaka komanso nyama, komanso ndithu osowa wakuda chili pamwamba marmot.

Modabwitsa malo okongola ndi zinyama wapadera - izi ndi zifukwa ziwiri zofunika kamodzi pa moyo wawo kubwera kwa Baikal. Russian Reserve, imodzi yofunika kwambiri - mutuwu mukhoza bwinobwino kupereka lonse la anthu a m'dera lanu. Only moyang'aniridwa pafupi, ndipo chifukwa cha chisamaliro cha wina munthu, malo awa akhoza anasunga mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi.