Ostap Vishnya: yonena, zilandiridwenso, moyo ndi mndandanda wa mabuku

Amakhulupirira kuti munthu wofunika kwambiri, mosiyana ndi nyama - nthabwala ndi luso kuseka. Kaya zimenezi n'zoona tidzatha kunena kupatula zachibadwa, ndiyeno zaka zana, mazana awiri, pamene potsiriza zosankhidwa ndi DNA anthu. Chinthu chokha munthu otsimikiza chimodzimodzi tsopano - luso zothetsera mavuto onse nthabwala zimapangitsa moyo osati zokongola, koma zosangalatsa komanso kwambiri.

Ostap Vishnya, amene yonena ndi chidwi ambiri mafani wake - munthu otsutsana ndi tsoka. Iye anagwa kupulumuka ziwiri zapadziko lonse, kusintha ndi kusintha kwa ankhanza angapo ndale. Komanso, kangapo anali pafupi imfa, ndipo anatumikira mu msasa zaka zambiri pa milandu yabodza. Komabe, ngakhale zinthu zonsezi, iye anatha kukhala woonamtima ndi zaukhondo munthu, ndipo sindinataye nthabwala, kumupanga iye kuseka mamiliyoni owerenga.

Wambiri Ostap Cherry (Paulo Hubenko): wolemba ubwana

Malo comedian mu alimi banja wamba m'dera Poltava pakati pa November 1989 (tsopano ndi Grun. Sumy dera). Kuwonjezera iye, makolo anali ndi ana khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Ngakhale zovuta ndi umphawi makolo ndakalamba ndipo anathandiza kuimirira ana ake onse. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mmodzi wa abale Ostap yamatcheri nayenso anakhala analemba humorist pansi pa pseudonym Vasil Chechvyansky. The zingamuthandize ndi mmodzi wa alongo Paulo - Catherine. Koma pasanapite nthawi mwadala anasiya ntchito zolembalemba, kukangana zochita zake kuti banja ndi zina zambiri awo olemba.

Monga Paulo ankakula, iye azikaphunzira mu pulayimale Zenkovsky. Atamaliza maphunziro ake aluso munthu anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa Asilikali sukulu ya zachipatala ya mzinda wa Kiev. Pambuyo iyeyo wa zaka Hubenko khumi, ndipo iye anali wokhoza ntchito monga yawo.

Poyamba ntchito asilikali, koma kenako anacititsa kumasulira opaleshoni Kiev Hospital South Western njanji. Ngakhale kuti Paulo anatha kulankhula momasuka bwino mankhwala, iye ankafuna kuti alembe. Ndicho chifukwa chake Yoswa tinkasangalalira kudzimvera maphunziro. khama lake sanali chabe, iye mayeso kunja mu zaka twente eyiti kusukulu, amene zinamupatsa kulowa University of Kiev. Mwatsoka, Paulo sanali kuimaliza, chifukwa ulimi itayamba, ndipo pambuyo Civil nkhondo.

Moyo ndi ntchito Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

Malinga ndi mbiri ya panyumba ya Ostap Cherry, mu 1918 wa dziko mu gawo zachipatala wa Chiyukireniya Army anthu (zina asilikali mapangidwe otchedwa "Petlura"). Today n'kovuta kunena mmene zomwe amakhulupirira, koma monga dokotala, iye anali kuthandiza ovulala. Ndipo Paulo anakwanitsa ichi, monga kwa chaka anatha kuuka kwa udindo monga mkulu wa kasamalidwe sitima thanzi la UNR.

Mu zaka makumi atatu Pavel Gubenko anagwidwa ndi Chikomyunizimu. Apa, ankaona wapatali kwambiri "kupeza" ndipo anatumizidwa ku Kharkov, kumene ankafuna kuti kuwombera. Komabe, pa kufika kwa wolemba posakhalitsa anapatsidwa chipinda mu nyumba limodzi, ngakhale ndi kuyang'aniridwa kumanzere. Choncho Ostap Vishnya (yonena za wolemba alibe mfundo zolondola, chifukwa izo zinachitika, izo mphekesera kuti mmodzi mwa nduna za, amene adakonda zilandiridwenso wa wolemba wamng'ono, anapempha chikhululukiro ndi nyumba wotetezedwa) kwa nthawi yoyamba anathawa kuphedwa.

Ngakhale nkhondo ndi ntchito yambiri m'chipatala, Paulo Hubenko mwakhama kulemba. Mlembi lofalitsidwa woyamba wa satirical wake chidutswa lotchedwa "Demokratichnі kusintha Denіkіna" atatsala pang'ono ukapolo. Ntchito imeneyi mwachilungamo msanga zinatchuka monga wolemba bwinobwino scathingly kunyoza zolakwa za boma UNR ndi ndondomeko yake. Komabe, iye anakhalabe kumbali ya anthu wamba ngati makolo ake. Komanso, mogwirizana ndi takumbukira achibale ndi mabwenzi ake, m'ntchito zake zonse Hubenko anasonyeza chikondi kwa anthu ake ndi dziko, ngakhale zofooka zonse ndi zolephera. Ntchito imeneyi, iye anasaina pseudonym Pavel Grunsky.

Zilandiridwenso pa kufika mphamvu Soviet

Pambuyo bwino buku loyamba satires zonse pansi pa pseudonym yemweyo kukhala nthawi zambiri kuwonekera atolankhani. M'chaka cha 1921 inasindikizidwa ntchito wotchuka "The Kooks їy Mulungu!" Amene anali woyamba anasaina dzina labodza Ostap Vishnya.

Wambiri ya wolemba nthawi yomweyo wodzazidwa ndi zambiri ngozi. Choncho, pambuyo kufika chomaliza cha mphamvu Soviet m'dera la Ukraine Ostap yamatcheri anali mlanduwo mlanduwo, ndipo anayamba kutenga nawo mbali mu chikhalidwe ndi kufalitsa moyo wa dziko lawo. Wolemba amakhala chipani mabungwe ambiri zolembalemba monga "Hart" (Community proletarian Chiyukireniya olemba) ndi "khasu" (wamba gulu la olemba Ukraine) ndi ena. Komanso ntchito mu kope la satirical magazini "Red Pepper" (anadzatchedwa "tsabola"). Icho chinali choyamba Mabaibulo awiri manambala anabwera mawu ake. Ndiyeno m'bale wake, satirist Vasil Chechvyansky, anali mkonzi wa magaziniyo. Komanso, amadziwika ntchito yogwira wolemba mu komiti bungwe la Union of Writers.

Ngakhale mavuto kupanga boma latsopano, kupondereza anthu, kusowa kwa zakudya ndi zofunikira zonse, wolemba sasiya chidaliro wake ndipo akupitiriza kulemba. Monga chiwalo cha "chikhasu" unatha, zopanda yaikulu - kulemba mu Ukraine. Zikomo kuti munthu uyu adzakhala anaonekera mu mtundu wanyimbo latsopano mabuku - "usmіshka" ( "Kumwetulira"). Mtundu uwu wa feuilleton hybrid ndi zidutswa zoseketsa kalembedwe wowerengeka.

Mu ntchito zake ichi ndi nthawi wotsatira Ostap Vishnya, amene yonena nthawi zambiri poyerekeza ndi yonena za Gogol, anapitiriza mwambo satirical wa yamasika, komanso Saltykov-Shchedrin, Chekhov, ndi Chiyukireniya olemba - Shevchenko, Franco ndi ena.

Mmangeni ndi zaka m'ndende

Ngakhale kuti Ostap Cherry akhululukidwa chifukwa cha ntchito yake pa UPR mu 1930 mmodzi wa magazini zolembalemba anafalitsa nkhani yovuta ndi Alekseya Poltoratskogo pa ntchito wolembayo. Atamangidwa Paulo Patapita zaka zingapo iye kachiwiri tinalisindikizanso wina wa mabuku.

Mu imodzi mwa nthawi ovuta kwambiri kwa Ukraine mu 1933, wolemba Ostap Cherry mlandu wa uchigawenga ndi cholinga mmodzi wa atsogoleri chipani ndipo anatumizidwa ku Gulag kwa zaka khumi. Today n'kovuta kuti zachititsa kuti amangidwe lapansi. Mwina olemba zapitazi, mwina wolimba mtima ntchito. Mu zolemba ake Ostap Vishnya ananena kuti nthawi zina zimakhala zosavuta kulankhula nkhani ina yofunika yoopsa ngati nthabwala, bola kufufuza ndi chiwerengero apamwamba adzazindikira chimene pali mchere, izo ziyenera kusindikizidwa.

Malinga yachokera declassified nthawi amadziwika kuti Ostap Cherry zonse akakhalemo pa. Pa nthawi ina ankafuna kum'tenga, koma anasintha maganizo awo. M'makalata ake ndi zolemba za Pavel Hubenko m'malo zikuchepa anayankha za kuchotsedwa mfundo Ukrainians banja lonse, ndipo ananeneratu njala m'gawo la dziko mu 1928, ndizo zaka zisanu pamaso udzayamba. Mwina anali kachitsotso otsiriza, ndipo zinachititsa kuti amangidwe ndi mabodza.

Akuti, ngakhale mavuto ochepa onse, wolemba mwayi ndithu kupulumuka zonse, kuti abwerere ndi moyo mpaka konzanso. Inde, ambiri a olemba anzake anawomberedwa mu zaka zofanana. m'bale wake anawomberedwa mu 1937.

Kwambiri yomweyo Paulo Hubenko kupewa tsoka zoterozo mu msasa akanakhoza kokha adazizwa. Mu chaka chomwecho, ndi mfuti m'bale wake Vasil, ku ntchito Ukhta-Pechora msasa kumene anali kutumikira zaka zonse chiganizo chake mlembi, anadza dongosolo kuti chipinda cha mtanda watsopano akaidi, yemwe ankayenera kuti afike msanga. M'chinenero sanali boma kuti ankatanthauza kwa kuwombera ena mwa akaidi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo anatumizidwa ku malo oyandikana. Ostap Vishnya unalinso mwa anthu kudikira imfa. Komabe, chifukwa mavuto nyengo kusonyeza akaidi ku malo kuphedwa anachedwa. Panthawi imeneyi, mkulu woyang'anira ndende linamasuka, ndi kuti awombere wolemba abedwa (malinga ndi zina, kasamalidwe chabe sanawononge wolemba).

Ponena za zaka cha mapeto a munthu uyu, osanenapo mkazi wake Barbara Maslyuchenko, omwe chifukwa cha mwamuna wake wokondedwa anaponya ntchito ku likulu ndi ku Siberia. Apa iye ankakhala m'mudzi wapafupi wa kundende zaka khumi Ostap yamatcheri. Mu 1943, nditatha nthawi yawo zonse, wolemba linatulutsidwa.

Ostap Cherry yonena: moyo ndi ntchito atamasulidwa

Popeza anabwerera m'ndende, wolemba anapitiriza ntchito yake. M'zaka za ukapolo, iye sanalembe chilichonse Mulimonsemo palibe zokhudza ntchito Ostap Cherry nthawi m'ndende.

kulenga atamasulidwa linasindikizidwa mu 1944 - "Zenіtka". Kuwerenga izo, inu mukhoza kumva kusintha mwa unsembe wa wolemba kalatayo. Kwenikweni, akupitiriza nthabwala, koma khalidwe losangalatsa wake kwambiri mobisa. Komanso kupewa mavuto akuluakulu ndi kufufuza, Cherry kunadetsa amalowa kumwetulira awo ndi fano la owerenga ndi wapereka ntchito lonse ngati kuti mawu ake, ndi kuunika kwa maganizo a munthu wina. Ngakhale, ntchito ya wolemba anapitiriza kusangalala kutchuka kwambiri pakati owerenga.

Pambuyo Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, zilandiridwenso ndi mbiri (Ostap Vishnya udzabwerera kwa magazini "Pepper" ndi kupatula kwambiri khama ntchito,), mlembi anali kwambiri bata ndi moyenera. Nthawi imeneyi, wolemba amayesetsa asakhudze ndale ndipo amasangalala kulemba za chikhalidwe ndi moyo.

Mu 1955, pa "m'firiji pamtunda" Ostap Vishnya ndi m'bale wake anawomberedwa asintha khalidwe lawo ndi ndilibe mlandu. Wolemba ndi mkazi wake anali wokhoza kubwerera ku Kiev, kumene anakafa chaka chotsatira. Mu 1991, Kiev situdiyo wakhala dramatized mbiri yake. Ostap Vishnya anasonyezedwa mwachidule pamene anali m'ndende. filimu unkatchedwa "Kuchokera Moyo wa Ostap Cherry", ndi udindo wa wolemba mapulaneti zinalengedwa anaphedwa Bohdan Stupka.

Ntchito ndi mabuku a wolemba

An mbiriyakale chidwi: anthu olemba Chiyukireniya Ostap Cherry udindo mankhwala chachiwiri chiwerengero cha mabuku anagulitsa (woyamba, ndithudi, wa lodziwika bwino Bard). Choncho, zaka 33 analemba satires ziwiri zokha, ndipo 35 - monga ambiri 270.!

Mu nthawi pang'ono kuti agwidwe zonse zikubwera mndandanda wa ntchito zake, ambiri ofalitsa USSR chosiyanasiyana analemekeza feuilletonistic pamene iye yolembedwa ndi pseudonym Ostap Vishnya. Wambiri (a mndandanda wa mabuku abwino amapatsidwa m'munsimu) wolemba zachitika mu njira yakuti iye anali kupita ndi nyengo ya purges chachikulu chifukwa cha kutchuka zapadera mwa owerenga.

Ena mwa ntchito wotchuka kwambiri ndi mabuku Ostap yamatcheri:

• Humoresque "avtobіografіya wanga" (1927);
• feuilletons "Mislivskі usmіshki" zino (anamasulidwa pambuyo pa imfa yake mu 1958, amaphatikiza kwambiri ankakonda owerenga nkhani za kusaka);
• zopereka "Vishnevі usmіshki Silski", "Vishnevі usmіshki teatralnі", "Vishnevі usmіshki krimskі", "Vishnevі usmіshki zakordonnі", "Ukraїnіzuymos" ndi ena.

Mu ntchito Russian wolemba n'kuyamba kuyambira 1926. Woyamba anali magulu "nkhani". The wolemera anatembenuzidwa mu 1927, ndipo pambuyo wolemba walandira zochepa tcheru. A uyenderere latsopano kutchuka Ostap Cherry inayamba mu makumi asanu ndi. Nthawi zambiri, awa anali nkhani za kusaka ndi wowerengeka nkhani ya wolemba. Mpaka kugwa kwa USSR msonkhano wa ntchito anasankha Ostap Cherry nthawi lofalitsidwa onse mu Ukraine ndi zinenero Russian ndi ena.

Za moyo wa munthu ameneyu akhoza kunena zambiri. Makamaka za mtundu wa munthu adali ndi mmene anapulumutsa kanthu kuthandiza anzake. Ndi zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri kuti lero ntchito yake si monga otchuka monga momwe analiri poyamba, ndipo ntchito zake anasonkhana, inu mukhoza mwina kugula pa msika wanjala kapena kukopera pa Intaneti. Ndi zopanda kwambiri kuti biographers kutsindika makamaka yekha pa nthawi m'ndende, ndipo komabe moyo wake adakali zambiri, nkhani yowala ndipo mosakayikira chidwi kuti akhoza kukhala ndi chidwi owerenga.