Oletsedwa khalidwe - izo ... Pa maziko chimatanthauza khalidwe n'kosaloleka

makhalidwe oletsedwa - izi ndi zochita anthu, chifukwa cha zomwe upandu anachita. Payenera kukhala zinthu zina zimapezeka. Ndicho, munthu si akudziwa zochita zawo, komanso amatha kudziletsa iwo.

makhalidwe oletsedwa - sikungokhudza kanthu oletsedwa, koma chosalanga. Ndi kusapezeka kwa gulu lililonse kuti ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa.

Mu khalidwe malamulo a boma tanthauzo oletsedwa - ndi mlandu. chakuti onse mfundo izi (wosamangidwa khalidwe ndi upandu) kutanthauza zochitika analogous moyo chikhalidwe.

mbali

Anthu aliwonse, kukhumudwa ndi chilango chikhalidwe oopsa chodabwitsa. Pambuyo ntchito zonse oletsedwa amawononga zinthu osati boma komanso nzika. Kodi tingadziwe zotuluka pa izi kapena mchitidwe munthu? Pakuti pali zizindikiro za makhalidwe oletsedwa. Pakati pawo:

1. mozembera zochita. Izi kumaphatikizapo kuchita zimene otsutsana ndi malire ananena khalidwe yachibadwa.
2. mozembera chosalanga. passivity Izi ndi kulephera kuchita boma ntchito (kugona pa ntchito alonda, kuzemba misonkho , ndi zina zotero. D.).
3. kuphwanya lamulo munali malamulo oletsa malamulo ndi udindo.
4. Kupezeka kwa mavuto onse. khalidwe imeneyi yafotokozedwera kuchotsedwa zotsatira anthu chowawa zimene zinafuna makhalidwe oletsedwa. chionongeko cha mfundo ndi ubwino, komanso kusokonezeka kwa maubale. Vuto ndi chinthu chofunikira cha khalidwe lililonse oletsedwa. Komanso, kuwonongeka angakhale abwino kapena zinthu zina, bungwe, kapena thupi. Komanso, kuwonongeka zimagawidwa ngati mwana kapena aakulu, mpaka kalekale kapena reparable, komanso zoyezeka kapena anayeza. Nthawi zina zimene umamumvera zochita oletsedwa, sichiri kuti machimo. Izi zonse zimene zachitidwa chifukwa kukakamiza majeure, kudziteteza , ndi zina zotero. D.
5. Kupezeka kwa vuto monga zotengera malingaliridwe mphindi kuchita. Ndi cholinga kapena chosasamala, kusonyeza mtima maganizo a munthu ndi makhalidwe ake oletsedwa.
6. pamaso pa causal ubwenzi. chizindikiro ichi chikuti kuwonongeka inkachitika anali Zimatheka pambuyo upandu.

Gulu la makhalidwe oletsedwa

Malingana ndi kumene mu dera anthu itachita zinthu wrongful, kusiyanitsa milandu:
- mu chuma;
- anira ntchito;
- m'dera banja ndi banja.

Komanso, makhalidwe oletsedwa zingakhale:
- umalimbana kukwaniritsa cholinga chinachake;
- musati ntchito ntchito iliyonse.

Kuphwanya lamulo mwina amakhala osiyana ngozi chikhalidwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo amazindikira chopunthwitsa kapena misdemeanor. Ntchito ya mchitidwe wa mtundu winawake wa upandu zimadalira m'mene zoipa kwambiri anabweretsa makhalidwe oletsedwa.

Zinthu mchitidwe chigawenga

khalidwe n'kosaloleka akhoza kupita ku chifooke boma ndi chikhalidwe dongosolo, dongosolo alipo la kasamalidwe, zosiyanasiyana za umwini. Chinthu khalidwe la chosemphana ndi angakhale ufulu nzika, kuphatikizapo chuma, munthu, ntchito, ndale, ndi ena.

akuchita upandu

Mu amakhala khalidwe la oletsedwa, makamaka wosasamala ngozi yake chikhalidwe. Choncho milandu wachinsinsi monga ndi yaing'ono kapena zolimbitsa, aakulu kapena kukula.

Anatengera mu dziko lathu, malamulo zofunika za m'chilamulo cha zimenezi oletsedwa monga kugwiritsa ntchito miyeso aakulu a boma kukakamiza. Mndandanda lonse la zilango ali Code Wachifwamba la Russia. Pankhaniyi, mndandanda chatsekedwa. kusintha kulikonse pa mndandanda wa zinthu zoterozo zitha kukhala mu kuyengedwa ndi kuwonjezapo kwa Code Wachifwamba.

Dziwani munthu wolakwa ndi mlandu ali ndi ufulu mayesero. thupi ili Amasankhidwa ndi yoyenera chilango makhalidwe oletsedwa. woweruza umamangidwa ndi Code Wachifwamba, muli mndandanda wa zolakwa zonse. List kukhala zochuluka ndipo kosamugonjera kutanthauzira kulikonse kwambiri.

zolakwa utsogoleri

ntchito onse amene ali oletsedwa, koma si m'nkhani Code Wachifwamba ndi zolakwa zazing'ono. Iwo anazindikira kuti chikhalidwe oopsa, ngakhale ena kuwonongeka konkire.

Mmodzi mwa anthu amenewo choyimira cha zolakwa ndi boma. Iwo m'zochita zawo kapena wongokhala wa munthu malamulo kapena zachilengedwe. Pankhaniyi, kuti kulakwa malamulo amapereka kwa udindo wa utsogoleri.
Zochita kuwononga boma ndi anthu, chuma, chilengedwe, ufulu wa chibadidwe ndi kumasulika, komanso malamulo anakhazikitsa ndi malamulo a boma. Zitsanzo za akonzedwa oletsedwa khalidwe. Izi khalidwe mosalongosoka, kulakwila mode zoyendera ndi kugonjera mochedwa mafomu a msonkho, ndi zina zotero. D.

Chokhumudwitsa utsogoleri anakhazikitsa zochita malamulo ndi Code Federal "Pa Administrative Kulakwira." Nthawi zina, zimenezi amaonedwa ndi makhoti kapena chigamulo kapena ulamuliro onse. Komabe, makamaka zonena utsogoleri umene matupi mwapadera ovomerezeka kapena owayimilira, lomwe ndi ulamuliro moto, miyambo ndi ena ambiri.

choncho chilango

Za makhalidwe oletsedwa akhoza kulankhula kukachitika kuti wogwira ntchito zosayenera amachita ofesi yake, ntchito kapena ntchito ya usilikali, operekedwa ndi bwana ndi zikalata mkati ntchito.

Chilango mulandu monga khalidwe n'kosaloleka - ndi kujombajomba kapena chochedwa ntchito, kuphwanya chitetezo ntchito, etc. Mosiyana ndi mtundu wa upandu amachita si ndandanda ... Komanso, palibe malamulo si tanthawuzo la "zosayenela aakulu".
Monga chilango cha kukhala mochedwa kapena chofunika ntchito yoyang'anira ntchito za bizinesi akhoza kukakamiza ndodo yake imodzi zilango zomwe amapereka Labor Code kapena zochita m'dera la bungwe.

chokhumudwitsa Civil

Izi ndi mtundu wapadera zochita n'kosaloleka. Poganizira ake Civil Code. Maudindo ali mgwirizano ndi kuphedwa kwa mmodzi wa zipani signatory kuganizira tort. Ichi ndi chokhumudwitsa boma. Mndandanda wa zimenezi m'gulu chisankho oletsedwa pa mapeto a ndikupeleka, kuphwanya ufulu wa mwini, ndi zambiri. Ndandanda ya zolakwa zokhudza anthu onse zachilengedwe ndi malamulo amene si kumatanthauza mwa lamulo.

Kodi ziletso chagwiritsidwa chifukwa cha zolakwa ofanana? Izi chipukutamisozi zakuthupi ndi makhalidwe abwino zawonongeka, ayambe ufulu chosemphana ndi udindo operekedwa ndi kuphedwa mgwirizano, anakakamizika mndandanda wa mangawa ndi zina zotero. D.

Pali lamulo zofunika, chimene udindo chifukwa cha zolakwa malamulo a mayikowo ndi anthu amene si kukwaniritsa kapena zosayenera anachita mapangano kale atsopano. Koma aliyense ulamuliro ali kuchotserapo ake operekedwa ndi lamulo. Tikanena za zolakwa malamulo a mayikowo. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka chipukuta misozi ndi mwiniwake wa gwero la ngozi, kaya vuto analipo a causer kuwonongeka. Akhoza kwathunthu anamasulidwa udindo ngati ndikhoza kutsimikizira kuti khalidwe lake linali chifukwa cha mphamvu majeure ndipo analibe cholinga.

chokhumudwitsa chogwirika

Kuti zolakwa zazing'ono ndi zinthu monga nthawi imene wogwila ntchito kapena ogwira anabweretsanso mavuto kwa bungwe lanu, kampani kapena bungwe. Imeneyi, iwo ziletso pravovosstanovitelnogo mtundu ntchito. Izi posungira mbali ya malipiro, reimbursement wa mtengo kwa zinthu zowonongeka ndi zina zotero. N.

kuyan'anila Procedural

kulakwa zimenezo zimaphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, kulephera kuonekera mu mayesero, ndipo wapolisiyo mafunso, kulephera kwa nkhani zaufulu umboni thupi, ndi zina zotero. D. Pamene ntchito ziletso amakakamizidwa actuator lolingana chiwalo makamaka kapena boma.

N'chifukwa chiyani anthu kuswa malamulo?

Company watenga miyeso zosiyanasiyana kuonetsetsa kuti nzika anachita malire amaika kutsatira mfundo ndi malamulo. Komabe, ngakhale, anthu ambiri kuchita zinthu oletsedwa. N'chifukwa chiyani iwo pitirani?

Mu mapangidwe a wrongful khalidwe kwambiri ntchito za njira zothandiza anthu. Zikuphatikizapo malamulo sangakwanitse kufooka boma, muyezo wochepa wa amoyo ndi mikangano chikhalidwe.

The chilimbikitso kwa anthu ena amapeleka akamakonda kupambana ndi kupeza ndalama kwambiri mu ntchito zokhudza n'kosaloleka. Komanso, ngati munthu alibe mwayi ntchito momasuka katundu anthu, anabwera mwalamulo kuti cholinga zimenezi n'zosatheka.

Imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe chikhalidwe cha khalidwe oletsedwa akhoza anatengera ndi propensity anthu olemba. Nthawi zina, anthu mobwerezabwereza wachita mlandu mogwirizana ndi ntchito mfundo za bwalo mwankhanza. Koyamba wrongful kuchita anachita ndi iwo mwa ngozi. chilango Komanso namtsata.

Ndiyeno mwamunayo ali m'ndende uchi agaric ubale zachiwawa. Atatuluka, iye anavutika anatengera chikhalidwe. Per munthu anapachikidwa chizindikiro chigawenga, amene molumikizana ndi mavuto akutulukira mu moyo, akukankha kuti mchitidwe lalikulu kwambiri oletsedwa.
Mapangidwe zinthu amalimbikitsira khalidwe odana ndi chikhalidwe, amene analengedwa m'mabanja osokonekera.

maphunziro ndi thandizo malamulo

Pa Channel Choyamba TV Russian mu 1974 kunja kwa dongosolo umoyo ndale "Man and Law". Kuyambira mu 1996, mtsogoleri ake okhazikika - mtolankhani Aleksey Pimanov. pulogalamu anakweza mutu wa kulimbana umbanda ndi chivundi, nkhani upandu amauzidwa. Situdiyo anaitanidwa andale ndi atolankhani, oimira yazamalamulo ndi mabungwe chitetezo.

Pamaziko a TV ntchito otchuka analengedwa ndi bwinobwino ukugwira ntchito malo malamulo a dzina lomweli. HRC "Man and Law" ali ndi thandizo malamulo kwambiri oyenerera komanso kuteteza ufulu wa makasitomala ake. Pa nthawi mukhoza kupeza yake molondola thandizo bwino zimapanga zolembedwa malamulo. Center akatswiri kuthandiza makasitomala awo kupewa zambiri zotsatira zoipa ndi kupewa zambiri mavuto ndi kusagwirizana. Za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe Center "Man and Law" akulankhula wina amene ankafuna ntchito za malamulo wapamwamba kwambiri, maloya odziwa milandu boma ndi zigawenga. akatswiri woyenerera kuthetsa mavuto makasitomala 'mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka ndi dzuwa pazipita.