Ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira - ndani izi? Ndi angati alendo ogwira ntchito mu Russia?

ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira - mlendo ntchito ntchito zosakhalitsa. mawu linachokera ku German kwenikweni anamasuliridwa kuti "alendo ntchito". Mu Russia, ndi jargon ndipo nthawi zambiri amaona anthu ali ndi tanthauzo loipa negative. Mu dziko lathu lingaliro la "antchito alendo" wakhala ambiri kuyambira 1990s mochedwa, choyamba TV, ndiyeno naye.

History akuti

Mu German, mawu anayamba m'malo "fremdarbaytery" zachikunja, amene mu nthawi Nazi ankatchedwa anthu adadza kwa Germany ntchito yaukapolo. The watsopano akuti anali wopanda wokhala zoipa chibadidwe wakale, ndipo anali ndi tanthauzo losiyana pang'ono. Kamvedwe ka ogwira German alendo - ndi antchito anadzipereka pa kuyitana kwa boma German kukaona dziko kuti ntchito.

Mu Russian, Mau ntchito choyamba, ndi ka pa syllable chachiwiri (German kalembedwe), koma kenako kutsimikizira ankatembenukira kwa syllable limodzi kuyandikira kumapeto. Mu CIS sizinali otaya osamukawo, monga Germany, wotchedwa oitanira boma, kotero akuti amaona Eti. Nthawi zambiri, pa TV pakompyuta Tingaone akuseka kuyendera ogwira ntchito mavidiyo ndi zithunzi. ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira mu CIS imatengedwa achipongwe ntchito kwa iwo maganizo amenewa.

Wosamalira antchito anapita kukagwira

Mu mau ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira - anthu ochokera m'mayiko amene ali osawuka kwambiri mawu a zachuma. Iwo wotsika mtengo koma pa nthawi yomweyo ambiri chizolowezi ogwira ntchito. Kale ku Ulaya, ogulitsa antchito yachilendo anali Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Russia, Italy, Poland, kale linali Yugoslavia (kupatula Slovenia), Spain, Portugal, Ireland.

Panopa gawo lalikulu kwambiri chiwerengero cha osamukira m'mayiko CIS ndi Chitajiki, Chiyukireniya, Chinese, Chiuzibeki ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira, komanso ochokera Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Moldova, India. Ku Ulaya, mtsogoleri CIS mu chiwerengero mtheradi wa osamukawo, ndi padziko lapansi chizindikiro ichi chimangooneka United States, ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira ali makamaka ku Mexico ndi ena oimira Latin American. Pomaliza chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito yachilendo ndi Germany, kumene Turkey kupita paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi, ngakhale posachedwapa ku udindo uwu zingatenge pa Spain, komwe ambili anchito anapita kukagwira ndi Aluya ndi Latin America.

ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira ku Russia

Back mu 1970-1980-ntchentche mu USSR anakhala massively mtsikana nzika Vietnamese ntchito mu Moscow fakitale ZIL ndi AZLK. Nawo Mapangano anayi ndi shestigodichnye kuti sangathe anathetsa wogwira ntchito. The Vietnamese ntchito mu chikhulupiriro chabwino, nkomwe kumwa mowa ndi mwachangu anagula katundu Soviet ogula, opanda kufunika kwa anthu akuderalo. Pamene Soviet Union anakomoka ndi mafakitale zinatha, anthu ambiri asiya kuti CIS ndi anayamba kugwira ntchito mozemba. Koma palibe amene anawaitana ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira. Mawu amenewa anafika kwambiri kenako, pamene, pambuyo 2003-2004. Russia wakhala zenizeni mu chodabwitsa cha kusamuka ntchito uyenda kuchokela ku Central Asia.

Russian alendo ogwira ntchito kwenikweni ufulu mogwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo atsopano mu 2007, kwambiri kusintha ndondomeko kulembetsa osakhalitsa m'dziko la alendo amene anabwera kwa cholinga ntchito. Izi zaluso makamaka anakhudzidwa anthu ochokera m'mayiko amene Russia ali ndi chitupa cha visa chikapezeka wopanda ulamuliro. Chifukwa cha zinthu zimenezi chiwerengero cha alendo mwalamulo ntchito mu Russia, FMS chawonjezeka kawiri atatu.

Kodi antchito ambiri mlendo Russia

Monga wa December 2014 pa gawo la dziko lathu, malinga ndi zomwe amapeza kwa Federal Ataliatali Service, panali miliyoni 11.07 nzika yachilendo. Chaka chilichonse mu Russia akubwera apo 1.3 miliyoni ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira ntchito mwalamulo, koma penapake okwana 2.5 miliyoni anthu akugwira ntchito mozemba. A zogona chilolezo kapena kanthawi zogona chilolezo chaka amalandira 450 zikwi. Alendo. Tsopano inu mukhoza kulingalira antchito angati mlendo Russia! The ogulitsa chachikulu cha ntchito mu dziko lathu - ndi Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Moldova.

kudzinenera pulayimale

ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira mu Russia amakuonani ngati Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira ndi mtundu wa ntchito anachita. Choncho, pa siteji m'munsi ndi osamukawo chinkhoswe mu chizolowezi yakalavulagaga thupi: kukumba ngalande, kukumba maenje, zipangizo akuchitira. Osema miyala, amisiri, plasterers, tilers amaonedwa antchito aluso. A bwino-analipira anapita kukagwira antchito - owotcherera ndi zamagetsi izo.

Ambiri, ntchito ya ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira bwino analipira, zauve ndi zovuta. Nthawi zambiri alendo amene anabwera kudzagwira ntchito mu mabanja awo ndi breadwinners yekha, ndi malipiro awo ndi kunyumba kangapo poyerekeza Russia. Jobs kuti kutenga ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira, anthu wamba musati chifukwa chidwi chifukwa cha ndalama zochepa ndi zinthu yaikulu. Mu Moscow yekha, monga mwa Federal Ataliatali Service kwa chaka 2013, pali 800 zikwi. Antchito Osamukira M'mayiko Ena Amayendera, ngakhale akatswiri palokha kuti chithunzi ichi saganizira kwambiri ndipo anthu anapita kukagwira likulu, pafupi 2 miliyoni anthu.

Maganizo a anthu

Ogwira ntchito zakunja Russia akufalitsa angapo maganizo osiyana. Maganizo ofala kuti ogwira anapita kukagwira - anthu alandidwa ndi zolakwika kuti zochitika m'moyo amakakamizidwa ndalama zauve, katundu, si zapamwamba ntchito. Iwo amakhala ngati amwendamnjira, zinthu oipa mtima, akuvutika samalandira malo awo ankhanza chikhalidwe, kuvutika chitonzo ndi mtima wankhanza. Russia amakhulupirira kuti ogwira anapita kukagwira ndi anthu a msinkhu otsika ozindikira ndipo chikhalidwe, choncho tikhoza kupirira mavuto a moyo ndi ntchito. Russia amakankhira chosadziwa antchito Russian yachilendo, amene complicates ndondomeko kulankhulana, slovenliness kunja ndi lotseguka chiwonetsero cha kupanda chikhalidwe. Komabe, ena ku Russia amakondwerera maluso abwino kulankhulana antchito anapita kukagwira. Pankhani kupeza Russian nzika ndi osamukawo, muli ndi maganizo osiyana kwambiri.

pomaliza

Mlendo ogwira ntchito mu Russia wotchedwa "Dzhamshuta", "chocks", "Chitajiki". Iwo ankasakidwa ndi ometa mpala, mabwana awo kunyengeza, iwo sadya ndi kugona pang'ono, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, pa khobiri kuchita dirtiest ndi zovuta ntchito. Ku midzi yakutali mu Uzbekistan lalikulu, Kazakhstan ndi Tajikistan, alibe mwayi kupeza, ndi mabanja awo chakudya, iwo kupita wathu "asatambira" Russia ndi ntchito zabwino wathu. Russia ambiri amavutika kuyankha funso la chimene antchito anapita kukagwira ku wamkulu: zabwino kapena zoipa. Iyi ndi zofunika kukambirana funso, koma Mulimonsemo tisalole kumayiko ena ndi kulankhula za antchito amene anapita kukagwira achipongwe kapena otukwana.