Ob mtsinje chimene chimachokera? Kodi mtsinje imaphwera mu ob?

Ob Mtsinje limachokera ku confluence pa phiri mitsinje Biya ndi Katun, pafupi m'madera kum'mwera malire a Russia, pafupi ndi mudzi wa Fominskoe - mumzinda Biysk Altai Gawo. Ndi mtsempha wamagazi ya Western Siberia ndi kumenya madzi a dziko monga Russia.

ob mtsinje

Mu gawo kumpoto kum'mawa kwa Africa Asian, mu Altai Gawo, kufupi ndi utsogoleri ndi Republic of Altai, pali awiri phiri mitsinje, kukongola - Katun ndi Biya. Iwo kungadzutse mtsinje waukulu ndi kuchulukitsa sikunathetse mpaka tsopano limatchedwa ob. Monga mmodzi wa zonena mayina malo dzina lawolawo kuti amagwirizana ndi mawu akuti "zonse".

Ob mtsinje chimene chimachokera? Malowa ikusonyezedwa pa mapu kumpoto kumpoto ndi madigiri 52,5 kum'mawa longitude 85 madigiri. Ob umayenda kudutsa zigawo zisanu kufika West Siberia Plain mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa kumpoto. Estuary mukukhulupirira ob Bay 8 thous Km -. Ndi Gulf wa Nyanja Kara. kumene mtsinje imaphwera mu ob, ili kupitirira Arctic Circle. Iwo taonera ndondomeko digiri 66,5 kumpoto kumpoto ndi madigiri 69 longitude kum'mawa.

Ndi malo pakamwa palibe kusagwirizana. Onse bwino limene mtsinje umayenda. Obi ndiye deta zosiyanasiyana m'litali. Asayansi ena mwachidule kutalika enieni a mumtsinjewo ndi kutalika kwa tributary lake lamanzere wa Irtysh. Likukhalira ndithu mtunda chidwi - 5140 Km. Ena kupereka yaitali Obi ankaganiza ku chiyambi chake monga yaitali kwambiri Katun mtsinje (688 km) kuposa Biya (301 km), ndi kupeza phindu osiyana. Koma sitingathe musawachitire kufunika madzi palokha ndipo wapadera wa dziko - ndi Irtysh ndi Katun. Komanso, Irtysh kwambiri gawo limabweretsa Kazakhstan. Kutalika olondola a watercourse ndi tidzakambirana wofanana 3650 Km - kuchokera confluence wa Biya ndi Katun ndi ku Gulf of ob, pamalo amene mtsinje imaphwera mu ob. The State madzi m'kaundula apatsidwa deta chomwecho. Pali ananenanso ikulongosola za malo kumene mtsinje imaphwera mu ob: ob Bay kwa Nyanja Kara, kulowa Arctic Ocean beseni.

hydrological boma

Choncho watercourse kutalika - 3.650 Km. Pa chizindikiro ichi mwa mitsinje Russian ob chachiwiri, yokha Lena.

Area ob okulira - pafupifupi 3 miliyoni mamita lalikulu. Km. Ndi m'dera chidwi, amene ali woyamba ndi mtengo mwa mitsinje Russian, anapanga yaikulu ya runoff pamwamba madzi. Pakuti Gulf wa ob, amene amalowa ob, ufikira 357 kiyubiki mamita. Km madzi mtsinje.

Wapachaka pafupifupi mowa atathana kuzipenya yaitali pa malo gauging: 1470 - mu mzinda wa Barnaul (kumtunda), 12 300 - mu Salekhard, lili Gulf wa ob, pamalo amene mtsinje imaphwera mu ob (Water buku mu kiyubiki m / s.). Zolemba malire otaya kuchuluka madzi (pa madzi osefukira), mayina malo gauging pafupifupi: (. Kiyubiki mamita / gawo) Barnaul - - 9690, Salekhard 42.800.

Zoposa 161 zikwi mitsinje, waung'ono, sing'anga ndi m'mitsinje ikuluikulu madzi awo ob. The utali wonse wa makhwawa a -. 740 thous Km. Ambiri a iwo (94%) - mitsinje yaing'ono (kutalika osapitirira 10 km). Large inflows wa yaitali kuposa 1000 Km: Irtysh, Vasyugan ndi Big Yugan - zimayendetsa kuchokera kumanzere; Ket ndi Chulym - banki bwino.

Kuya kwa ob - kuchokera mamita 2-6 pachiyambi, mu Biysk, mpaka mamita 25 ku Novosibirsk (pafupi HPP), yafupika 8 mamita pafupi m'kamwa mwa Tom ndi ukuwonjezeka kachiwiri 15 mamita mu malire chapamwamba za Gulf of ob, limene mtsinje umayenda . m'madera ob yodziwika ndi zolakwika yaing'ono kuchokera masentimita 4.5 poyamba pa 1.5 cm (pa 1 kukafika kutalika) mu otaya pambuyo pake. M'lifupi zimasiyanasiyana chigumula. Ndi 5 Km kutali pa chiyambi ndi 50 kukafika mu dera la Gulf wa ob, limene mtsinje umayenda. Obi chibadidwe mbali ya m'chipululu cha mtsinje litulukira madzi osefukira kasupe ndi autumn madzi osefukira.

kufunika zachuma

Mu nkhani ya kupeza zovuta chifukwa madambo wa West Siberia Plain, ob kuyambira 1844 ntchito zolinga zoyendera. Navigation amatenga masiku 190 pa chaka. Mu Novosibirsk mu 1961 anaika yatulukira ntchito hydropower - ndi katundu akuluakulu a mphamvu kwa anthu ndi mabungwe ang'onoang'ono wa ku Siberia Federal District. A ankakonda tchuthi malo a Novosibirsk - magombe mosungiramo anapanga pa erection madamu opangira magetsi. Kuchokera chifukwa amapangidwa madzi m'zigawo kwa kumwa, banja ndi zomera mafakitale Novosibirsk agglomeration. Mtsinjewu yophera nsomba - izo moyo mitengo yofunika kwambiri ya Nsombazi, whitefish ndi nsomba wamba. Mu ob resets zopanda ndi oyera mafakitale madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomera oyang'anira tauni. Mu Altai dera madzi yothiriridwa minda, kumvera iwo ndi dongosolo Kulunda ulimi wothirira.

City pa ob

Kuyambira kalekale anthu atakhazikika m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Musati mukhale pambali ndi amayi ob - pafupi m'madera ake ambiri. Timanena yaikulu mu mawu alionse. Kumayambiriro kwa mtsinje waima Biysk, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1709, ndi 200 zikwi. Man anthu. Kenako - Barnaul, Altai Gawo Center, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1730, anthu - anthu oposa 600 zikwi .. Novosibirsk - mudzi waukulu wa SFO, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1893, ndi anthu anthu oposa 1.5. Tomsk dera - doko Kolpashevo (1938, anthu 23 zikwi ..). m'tawuni mafuta a dera Khanty-Mansiysk, ndi anthu oposa 300 zikwi. Anthu. lililonse - Nizhnevartovsk (1908) ndi Surgut (1594). Center wa Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - Salekhard (.. 1595, anthu zikwi 50) ili m'mphepete lamanja la ob Mtsinje. Kusirira iye pa gombe chatsalira Labytnangi (1900, 26 chikwi. Pers.).

Polongosola mwachidule

Mwa mitsinje Russian mtsinje waukulu ob mu makhalidwe awo zofunika zimatengera:

• 1 - catchment beseni m'dera -. 2 miliyoni 990 zikwi sq M. Km.
• 2 - ndi kutalika kwa waukulu njira - 3650 Km.
• Yachitatu - pa pachaka okwana buku la runoff - 357 kiyubiki mamita. Km.