Novodevichy manda, St. Petersburg: manda a otchuka (zithunzi)

Okonda kuyendayenda kudzera pogosti akale pofufuza ziboliboli chidwi, zolemba kapena kupuma, amatikumbutsa impermanence zinthu zonse padziko lapansi, zidzakhala zosangalatsa kudziwa kumene Novodevichy manda ku St. Petersburg. Idamangidwa cha m'ma 19. M'chaka choyamba linakhalapo kuti anaikidwa m'manda anthu atatu okha. Koma patapita anakhala wotchuka ndikusankha malo okhalamo. Malinga ndi mwambo wa Chikhristu, iwo ili pafupi churchyard ya Tchalitchi cha Orthodox cha kuuka kwa akufa. Ngakhale masisitere inamangidwa pafupi, sali analemekeza dzina lake mwalamulo, ndipo zambiri mwa izo anatenga bungwe maphunziro maphunziro a atsikana a m'banja lachifumu, tidziwa ngati Institute Smolny , ozungulira gawo kumanda a akufa umatchedwanso manda a Novodevichy Akatolika ku St. Petersburg.

Churchyard kwa njonda

Onse manda, mitanda, steles, zipilala anasunga pano, akhoza kusangalatsa alendo malo awa. Ndipotu, manda ichi chinali choti m'manda a anthu a kalasi chapamwamba. Komanso ulemu m'manda pano anapatsidwa a luso osankhika, mayiko, asayansi, atsogoleri a asilikali. Choncho, mabwenzi ndi achibale awo sanali otsika pa ndalama, ndi chiwonetsero cha m'maganizo mwa mawu a chisoni, kukhazikitsa achikumbutso pa manda a okondedwa awo. Novodevichy manda (Saint Petersburg) Nthawi zonse zili mu dongosolo. Anatisamalira osati kwa manda, komanso dera pafupi. M'mabande owazidwa mchenga, anabzala yokongola minda maluwa ndipo, ndithudi, anaona kuti palibe akusowa pa ziwembu wokwatibwa ndi anthu olemera. Ndipo nthawi zambiri anachoka mu malo a mpumulo achibale awo zithunzi mtengo ndi zapamwamba zina timatha, maganizo awo, kukhalabe udindo wa munthu wakufayo pa mlingo mkulu.

anataya ukulu

Novodevichy manda (Saint Petersburg) chatsekedwa kwa maliro kuyambira 1934. Ndipo zisanachitike, iye anali kupulumuka ulimi wa 1917, imene anali ankaiphwasula mpingo, kuyima pa izo, anagonjetsa kapena anawononga tsogolo manda, zipilala anawonongedwa. Kwa anthu amene si kuwawa, panalibe munthu amene afunika kuwasamalila. Achibale a wakufayo, m'manda mu iwo, kapena apita kudziko lina kapena okha kuvutika zisinthe, chifukwa Novodevichy manda (Saint Petersburg) ntchito monga malo mpumulo okha anthu a wapamwamba, umene panthawi imeneyo akuzunzidwa m'dziko lathu. Pa manda izi anapeza malo ogona otsiriza ndi alongo kunyumba. manda awo anapulumuka. Kufikira tsopano, anthu amabwera kwa mmodzi wa iwo - wodala Darya. Izi manda - chifukwa china chimene anthu amaganizira Novodevichy manda (Saint Petersburg), momwe uko, kupereka ulemu kwa manda a wochinzikiwa? Mkazi uyu moyo wake modzichepetsa ndi kupembedza. Anthu ankamukonda chifukwa cha kukoma mtima kwake kwa munthu. Iye anamwalira ali ndi zaka kucha lakale, koma anasiya "chifuniro". Iye walonjeza kuthandiza onse amene anabwera kulemekeza kukumbukira. Koma kale kuti m'pofunika kuwoloka zala zanu ndi kuwerenga katatu "Tikuoneni Maria Tikuoneni!" Mu 1930, boma mwadala kusunga zotsalira za anthu otchuka. Ndipo, ngakhale kuti anali theka anawonongedwa ndipo anasiya Novodevichy manda St. Petersburg, manda a anthu otchuka monga wojambula A. A. Ivanova, mlongo A. S. Pushkina O. S. Pavlischevoy Wolemba Rimsky-Korsakov anasamukira ku Alexander Nevsky obisika.

Mpingo ndi Sikuti

Komabe, nthawi ya Wamkulu October kuukira boma , osati zowawa m'manda. Anali anawachotsa ndipo mipingo atatu, malo amene anali Novodevichy manda (Saint Petersburg). The oyamba - Mpingo wa amayi a Mulungu, Joy wa Onse Amene Chisoni - inamangidwa 1856, kulengedwa ndi E. I. Zhibera. Kachisi anamangidwira likuvutika A. K. Karamzinoy, yemwe mwamuna wake anamwalira pa Crimea nkhondo. Iye anaphedwa pa nkhondo pafupi Klafatom. Kumizidwa AN Karamzin anali pomwepo pa Novodevichy kumanda, ndipo Patapita zaka zingapo pambali pake anagona wamasiye wake. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1883 anatsindika mpingo waung'ono wa Eliya Mneneri, anakhala m'manda kwa olemera matabwa wamalonda Petersburg Ili Gromova. Kungowerenga Khoma nyumba njerwa udaikidwa ndi L. N. Benua. Iye anazunzidwa za boma ndi matabwa Kazan mpingo, kuyima mu manda.

chiyeso china

Udindo anthu pa moyo pambuyo pa imfa sanathe kuthandiza anthu amene komaliza malo okhalamo anali Novodevichy manda (Saint Petersburg). Manda a anthu otchuka, zithunzi zimene zili m'nkhani ino zikhoza kuwonongedwa chimodzimodzi monga anthu amene inathetsedwa mu 60s mochedwa. Iwo sanali vandals komanso m'tauni malinga ndi chigamulo cha Leningrad Committee Executive pa 16.09.1968, iwo anachotsa manda anasiya ndi zipilala zimene sizidalembedwa umaimiridwa ndi phindu luso ndi mbiri yakale. Choncho tinaganiza ennoble ndi Novodevichy manda (Saint Petersburg). List manda amene anawonongedwa pa kanthu, naperekanso mu namulondola, analemba ndi A. V. Kobakom ndi YM Priyutko. Only mu 1964 ife anamuchotsa gravestones 400. Mu nthawi, tinapeza kuti mtengo wa ena manda akhala understated, ndipo, chotero, watayika wa History wa St. Petersburg.

Sungani masiku akale

Masiku ano kumvetsa kufunika kuchengeta kukumbukira wa makolo awo. The Novodevichy kumanda ali m'manda akale amasamalidwa ndi achibale ake, ndipo pali anthu amene amasamalira za kutenga bungwe, ena amathandiza kudzera zopereka. Mwachitsanzo, asilikali Medical Academy, ndipo anakweza ndalama kubwezeretsa chipilala MD Alexei Troyanova. Institute of kumadera osiyanasiyana akamaliza maphunziro Medical amalipira ulemu kwa wotsogolera woyamba wa bungwe E. Eyskhvaldu chaka kusamalira manda ake. Ophunzira Institute of Railway Akatswiri mongodzipereka anapezanso 23 tombstones a ophunzirawo wakale wa bungwe la mwa iwo anali anthu ambiri olemekezeka amene ankachita nawo wotchuka nyumba malo dziko lathu lalikulu. St. Petersburg anthu akuyesera kusunga necropolis mbiri. City zazikulu ndi ndalama, mwachitsanzo, chakuti ennoble gawo. Chifukwa chimaposa ngati mpanda m'malo, anakongoletsa ofesi nyumbayi. malo amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri chifukwa mosavuta kubwera ndi kukaona munthu wotchuka komanso kuti musakhudze mbiri ya dziko lathu. Choncho, zingakhale zofunika kuti manda ngati anayang'ana woyenera ndiponso zogwirizana ndi ukulu wakale awo "anyantchoche".

umunthu wotchuka

Zimene muyenera kudziwa amene ndidzakuchezera Novodevichy manda (Saint Petersburg)? Amene anaikidwa kumeneko, kumene. Kuliganizira ndi manda a anthu otchuka. chidwi kwambiri kuona wotani tombstones anaika pa malo a manda awo. Mwachitsanzo, chipilala M. A. Vrubelyu ndi losavuta pedestal wa stepwise zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo pa chilichonse midadada zina wakuda lubwe. Kodi oyenerera wojambula wotchuka, utoto "The Chiwanda", "Pan," "tsekwe" si dongosolo bwino kwathunthu? Motsimikizika kuti zimachitika ndili zokhumudwitsa kwa alendo a manda. chipilala Izi anamangidwanso pambuyo chiwonongeko. Koma chipilala, anaika pa manda N. A. Nekrasova anasunga lero chimodzimodzi monga analenga ziboliboli. MA Chizhov mu 1881. Anthu ambiri odziwika anali pothawirapo komaliza Novodevichy manda (Saint Petersburg). Manda a anthu otchuka, zithunzi zimene zili m'nkhani ino, kukopa alendo, komanso m'manda ndi mbiri wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, Mpulumutsi wa chipilala pa manda wa mkazi wa General A. A. Vershinina ntchito PI Kyufferle unakhazikitsidwa mu 1915, malinga ndi nthano, amapereka zofuna. Ndicho chifukwa anthu anabwera kwa iye ndi kubweretsa zolemba ndi zopempha zawo.

maina ambiri bwino

List onse amene anaikidwa m'manda ku Novodevichy manda, m'nkhani limodzi ndi zosatheka. Tiyeni tikambirane zina mwa mayina chidwi. December 12, 1889, adafa wotchuka dokotala S. P. Botkin. Iye anali munthu wodziwika kwambiri mu zachipatala ndi zaka 29, analimbikitsidwa ndi pulofesa. Munthawi ya moyo wake kuchipatala Alexander inamangidwa, lero dzina lake. The chipilala ndi kugwira wa iye ataima pa yopapatiza mkulu lubwe pedestal.

Mu 1873 mu Tsarskoye Selo, iye anafa wotchuka ndakatulo F. I. Tyutchev. A malo moyo wake unali Novodevichy manda (Saint Petersburg), ndi chithunzi chimene inu mukhoza kuwona m'nkhani ino. Monga m'manda pafupi achibale ake, mmanda ndi tombstone wa yakuda ya mabo, ndi mutu mtanda anapereka ku nkhani yofanana loyera yekha chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli. Ndi malo banja anabwezeretsedwa ku bicentenary a ndakatulo iyi.

Iye anaikidwa kuno ndi amene anayambitsa sayansi Russian pa bowa MS Voronin. Iye anasiya mbiri wachuma wa asayansi masiku ano, kuphatikizapo mafotokozedwe ndi zojambula majeremusi m'munsi, kunyongedwa mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri. zinthuzi amanenedwa lero, ngakhale wasayansi anamwalira 1871. Pa manda ake yosavuta mtanda ubwenzi pa pedestal ya lubwe, chosema mu mawonekedwe a mwala wamba.

A rectangle yosavuta msangalabwi yoyera ndi florist zakuthupi chomwecho wokwera pa manda zolembalemba Gozenpud Abram Akimovich. Iye anakhala ndi moyo wautali, ndi kuti nthawi imene naye ali padziko lapansi lino, anali kulemba zambiri mapepala kafukufuku, nkhani ndi mabuku. Ambiri a iwo anapereka kwa mutu wake ndiwotani - zisudzo nyimbo. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake, ife tikutseka muphunzire ntchito ya ojambula ndi oimba moyo Chaliapin, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Ershov ndi ena. Iye anaphunzira sewero, anamasulira iye analemba libretto Shabalin, "ankaweta wa Shrew." Iye anafa pa zaka 96.

ndi amene iwo

Nkofunika kuti ena tombstones, monga kudandaula za momwe ana mukudziwa wogona pansi iwo, ananena mtundu wa ntchito moyo wa womwalirayo, monga chipilala Efremovu P. A. mkazi wanga, atakhala pa mkazi manda, nakhumba kuti musankhe osati masiku a moyo wake ndi imfa, koma kuti iye anali bibliographer wotchuka bibliophile. Ndipo ndithudi iwo ali. Petr Aleksandrovich kuphunzira mbiri ya mabuku Russian, kuwafunafuna lofalitsidwa ntchito woyimba wotchuka Lermontov, Batiushkov Pushkin Ryleeva Zhukovsky ndi ena. Mwatsoka, atamwalira, zosonkhanitsira ochuluka mabuku, zithunzi ndi zojambula anagulitsidwa.

The chipilala zachilendo anamangidwira pa manda a sayansi ya, rector wa Institute Polytechnic. Ndi chachikulu mwala piramidi wokwera pa anayi ang'ono ndi ngodya truncated. Schukin N. L. anachita ntchito wakumanga nthunzi sitima 1-3-0 ndi 0-4-0 mtundu. Mwakwera galimoto 4 kalasi, boxcar, ndi payipi mafuta Baku - mzinda wa Batumi anali Anamanganso motsogozedwa wake.

Komabe m'manda pano, mkulu-General Suslov N. A. Iye anaphunzitsa pa sukulu asilikali Nicholas mwamuna, anali mu nyanja ya Baltic, nawo ntchito hydrographic. Wake dzina lake pambuyo pa phiri Cape Peninsula.

Msewu wopita necropolis ndi

Ife wotchedwa otchuka angapo kupumula kuno, koma kwenikweni iwo mu churchyard mochuluka kwambiri. Atamva izi, ena owerenga adzafuna kukaona Novodevichy manda (Saint Petersburg). Kodi kumeneko? Kubwera ku St. Petersburg, kutenga yapansi ndi kutsika pa "Moskovskie Vorota" kenako kuyenda pa Moscow prospectus. Komanso mukhoza kutenga nambala takisi K36, K 350, K213, trolley basi chiwerengero 15, 17, ndi basi chiwerengero 2MA, 2M kuti asiye "sitima zombo nambala 1". Kwa amene adzapita ndi galimoto kuona Novodevichy manda (Saint Petersburg), adilesi: Moskovsky Chiyembekezo 100.

Neyarok koma noticeable

Kuwonjezera pa manda a anthu otchuka pa manda izi zimapezeka zipilala ndi gravestones chidwi okonda chosema. Iwo pano yosiyanasiyana awo onse. Kusonyeza chisoni chawo, anthu kutchula kukhumbira awo. Ambiri a iwo anazindikira tanthauzo la ena amadziwika ndi anthu pafupi ndi wakufayo. Nangula ndi mfundo unyolo kwa kugwirizana akufa kwa nyanja ndi Ndithudi, panthawi ino, ndi asilikali Avinov A. P. Koma zolengeza pa mtengo lubwe ndi nthambi kukadulidwapo si kuthandiza kumvetsa zimene zili pansi ndakatulo Anisimov VI ambiri ichi kumanda zipilala ndi mmene: mitanda, angelo ndi olira yosavuta amakona anayi slabs. Wina waikidwa pa manda a mkazi yemwe anakhala ndi moyo zaka 100. The churchyard alinso crypts ndi matchalitchi, koma iwo ali kanthu, ndi lowonekera yekha ndi zomangamanga awo akunja.

Ngakhale Novodevichy manda imatengedwa m'manda, kuikidwa pa izo akutsatiridwa lero. Ndipo palibe oletsedwa. Anandilola kuyika urn pambuyo ochimwa a matupi manda a achibale, komanso cholinga cha gawo limodzi mpanda obisika. Novodevichy manda, chifukwa cha khama la ntchito m'tauni, mabungwe malonda, ndipo anthu wamba, salinso kuwoneka ngati mzimu wa. m'gawo lake ndi zonse kutsukidwa, kudula udzu awo, kutenga zinyalala. Malo awa watupatu angakwanitse ndithu chifukwa kuyendera mafani manda mbiri.