Nyumba yamaberi ku Red Square ku Moscow. Zochitika ku Moscow

Red Square ku Moscow ndi mtundu wa "kilomita zero", malo ofunikira kwambiri ku Russia. Kuti ufike pa izo, uyenera kupewa kuuka kwa Gates, komwe kumapangitsa anthu mamiliyoni angapo tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma si onse omwe akudziwa kuti pafupi kwambiri ndi malo ena olemekezeka kwambiri a Orthodox a Moscow. Iyi ndi Iberian chapel pa Red Square. A Muscovite ambiri amaganizira zazing'ono izi, akuyang'ana ku Voskresensky Gate, chinthu chatsopano. Koma izi siziri choncho. Iwo unangobwezeretsedwa ku malo ake oyamba mmalo mwa akale, owonongedwa ndi Mabolshevik. Chithunzi cha Iberia cha Amayi a Mulungu chidaonedwa kuti ndi chozizwitsa ku Russia. Kwa kachisi wotero, "chimango" choyenera chinali chofunikira. Icho chinakhala chapemphelo. Nchifukwa chiyani sichipezeka mkati mwa tchalitchi kapena tchalitchi? Nkhani yathu idzafotokoza za izo. Mbiri yake, komanso chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu, idzaululidwanso. Tidzakupatsani adiresi yeniyeni ya nyumbayi, maola oyambirira a tchalitchi chaching'ono ndi misonkhano yomwe ilipo kumeneko.

Iberian Chapel pa Red Square: momwe mungapezere

Pezani chiwonetsero ichi cha Moscow ndi kachisi wa anthu a Orthodox ndi osavuta kwambiri. Ndipotu, ili pamtunda wa "kilomita". Pafupi - Red Square ndi Kremlin ndi Mausoleum. Mutha kufika kumeneko kuchokera kulikonse ku Moscow ndi metro. Nthambi zambiri za sitima yapansi panthaka ya Moscow zikupita apa. Kuchokera kumatsatila kumalo osungira "Okhotny Ryad", "Teatralnaya" kapena "Revolution Square". Njira yabwino ndi yoyamba. Kuchokera pa siteshoni "Okhotny Ryad" pali zizindikiro za anthu oyendayenda - "Tulukani ku Red Square". Mukawatsatira, mudzafika ku chipata cha tsamba lawiri. Iwo ali ndi nsanja ziwiri. Pansi pawo pali dongosolo laling'ono pansi pa dome. Iyi ndi Iberian chapel pa Red Square. Adilesi pa nyumbayi ndi iyi: Zipata za Voskresenskie, nyumba 1a.

Chiwonetsero cha Amayi a Mulungu a Iveron

Marina Tsvetaeva adatcha chithunzi chogwira ntchito mozizwitsa "mitima ya Moscow". Ndipo iye anawonekera mumzinda wawukulu kale isanafike nyumba yomanga. Chithunzi cha Iberia cha Amayi a Mulungu ku Moscow sichinali nthawi yonse, chinachokera ku Greece, kuchokera ku Phiri Loyera la Athos. Izi sizinali zoyambirira. Chizindikiro chenichenicho cha amayi a Mulungu chinakhalabe m'nyumba ya amonke ku phiri la Athos. Koma kwa Russia makalata enieni anapangidwa - "mndandanda". Anatengedwera ku Belokamennaya mu October 1648. Poyamba chithunzicho chinapezeka mu nyumba za amonke za St. Nicholas, koma zaka zingapo pambuyo pake zidaperekedwa ku nyumba ya amonke ya Valdai Iberia. Anapatsa dzina ku chithunzichi. Pa malamulo a Tsar Alexis Mikhailovich, ojambula zithunziwo anauzidwa kuti apangeko lenileni lenileni la "mndandanda" uwu. Iye anayikidwa mu chigonjetso cha G Neglien Gates. Kudzera mwa iwo mafumu a ku Russia ananyamuka kupita ku Red Square. Pambuyo pake, mu 1669, zipata izi zinatchedwanso kuuka kwa akufa.

Mbiri ya chaputala choyamba

Nthaŵi zina kuchokera mvula ndi chisanu, mphepo ndi dzuwa, "mndandanda" unatetezedwa ndi kanyumba kakang'ono kokha. M'chaka cha mazana asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi atatu, adasankhidwa kumanga kampanda kakang'ono ka matabwa. Iyo inali nthawi yomwe chithunzicho chinali ndi ulemerero wothandiza ndi matenda. Kotero, nkhopeyo nthawi zambiri imabweretsedwa kunyumba kwa mayi yemwe adadwala kapena kubadwa kwakukulu. Anaperekedwera kuchokera kwa ansembe ndi alonda, ndipo panthawi yomwe analibe, chithunzichi chinalowetsedwa ndi "mndandanda" watsopano mu chaputala. Patapita nthawi, ndi nyumba yomwe zozizwitsa zinasungidwa, idapembedzedwa ndi anthu opembedza. Amalonda asanafike pamapeto pake, ophunzira asanayambe kukambirana, apaulendo anabwera kwa iye kuti "adalitse". Koma mawonekedwe awa sanafike masiku athu. M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu mphambu khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, chaputala cha Iberia pa Red Square chinakonzedwanso kawiri. Pakatikati pa zaka mazana asanu ndi chimodzi, adakhalanso matabwa ndipo mu 1791 - miyala.

Lingaliro lamakono la Iberian Chapel

Kotero, mapeto a zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu analipo nthawi yatsopano. Chizindikiro cha Mayi wa Mulungu wa Iberia chinakumana ndi aliyense akudutsa pa Chipata cha Kuukitsidwa. Amuna ankayenera kuchotsa zipewa zawo, Akhristu - kuvala chithunzicho. Gulu la Iberia pa Red Square silinatsekedwe usiku. Pa nthawi iliyonse anthu adakhamukira kumeneko. Koma mkonzi wa ku Russian Matthew Kazakov anaganiza kuti asapangitse chapelowo kukhala wochuluka. Ngakhale lero izo zingagwire anthu makumi asanu. Mkonziyu anamanga nyumba yosavuta yokhala ndi nyumba imodzi, yokhala ndi dome. Panthawi ya nkhondo ya Napoleonic, chapulo idagwidwa. Pofuna kubwezeretsa, Prince Nikolai Yusupov anaitana mtsikana wa ku Italiya Pietro Gonzago. Anakongoletsa nyumbayi kuchokera kunja, adatsitsa chithunzicho ndi zitsulo zakuthambo, anayika chojambulajambula cha mngelo wokhala ndi mtanda pamwamba pake, chokongoletsera mkati. Ndipo mwinamwake zinachitika kuti chapenteyo inakhala chizindikiro cha anthu a ku Russia pa nkhondo ndi Napoleon.

Kuwonongedwa ndi kuukitsidwa

Pambuyo pa chigonjetso cha Revolution ya Oktoba, Chaputala cha Iberia chinagwirizana ndi chidani cha boma latsopanoli kuti likhale chipembedzo. Kale m'chaka cha khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu nyumbayo inagwidwa. Kenaka nyumba ya amishonale ya Nikolo-Perervinsky inatsekedwa, kumene chapempherocho chinatchulidwa. M'chaka cha makumi awiri ndi chiwiri, zotsalira zotsalirazo "zidayetsedwa kwa osowa." Ndipo zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mpando unatha. M'masiku otsiriza a Julayi 1929, pansi pa chivundikiro cha usiku, nyumba yaing'ono inagwetsedwa. "Mndandanda" umene unali mmenemo unatayika kwamuyaya. Patadutsa zaka ziwiri ma Gates a Voskresensky sanathe. Iwo amati amadodometsa njira yopita ku zida zankhondo pamapiri a Red Square. Chipinda chonse (chipata ndi chapel) chinabwezeretsedwa mu chaka cha makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu. Ndipo ojambula zithunzi za Orthodox a Athos mndandanda watsopano unapangidwa. Tsopano, kuchokera ku "kilomita ya zero", kuchokera ku chaputala cha Iberia, maulendo ambiri pafupi ndi Moscow pa kuyamba kwa basi. Ndipo nyumba yaing'ono pa Resurrection Gates ndiyo chiwonetsero choyamba pa mndandanda.

Shrine ndi kachisi

Anabwezeretsedwa mu 1994-1995. Tchalitchicho chinapatulidwa ndi Mkulu wa Mabishopu Alexius II mwiniwake. Tsopano ndi kachisi, ngakhale kuti ndi wochepa kwambiri. Cholinga chatsopano cha Mayi wa Mulungu, Wothandizira Golide, wopangidwa ndi ojambula a amonke a ku Mount Athos ku Greece, amachititsa kukhala kachisi wa anthu a ku Russia. Kulimbanirana ndi fanolo, ndipo panthawi imodzimodzi ndikuyang'ana mkati mwazitali za kachisi kungakhale tsiku lililonse. Maola oyambirira a chapemphero la Iberia pa Red Square amachokera pa eyiti m'mawa mpaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu, popanda masiku. Atsogoleri onse a ku Moscow akutumikira kumeneko monga pemphero. Pa nthawi yomweyi, akathist wa Namwali Maria akuwerengedwa polemekeza chizindikiro chake "Mayi wa Mulungu wa Iverskaya." Pali tchuthi tating'ono komanso tchalitchi. Amakondwerera ndichisangalalo chachikulu pa 21, pa Lachiwiri, Lachiwiri la Sabata Lopatulika ndi pa 26 Oktoba. Kachisi tsopano akudziwika ndi Mzere wa Mabishopu, umene umangowonjezera malo ake. Chapulo ili ndi woyang'anira. Tsopano ntchito zake zimachitidwa ndi Gennady Nefedov wolemekezeka.

Nyumba ya Iberia pa Red Square mu zolemba ndi kujambula

Kachisi kakang'ono kameneka kanakhala chizindikiro chenicheni cha Russian Orthodox. Pamene Peter Wamkulu, akuchokera ku nkhondo, sanapite kukapsompsona chizindikiro cha Mayi wa Mulungu wa ku Iberia, a Muscovite sanapulumutse. Zimadziwika kuti Emelyan Pugachev anapemphera pano asanamwalire . Nyumba ya Iberia ku Moscow imatchulidwa kawirikawiri m'nthano, m'malemba ndi ndakatulo. Mu I. Bunin nkhanizi ndi "Lolemba Loyera" ndi "Memoirs", mwa I. Shmelev - "Bogomolie", mu B. Zaitsev - "Blue Star". Anton Chekhov ku Moscow nthawi zonse ankakhala ku hotelo "Bolshaya Moskovskaya", ndipo adapempha chipinda choyang'anitsitsa chaputala cha Iberia kuti awonetse utumiki wa usiku. Mwachidziwitso, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, adafotokozera tchalitchichi pachipata pakati pa malo otetezera a Red Tugstoy ku War and Peace. Pierre Bezukhov, atadutsa chapemphero cha Iberia ndi makandulo ake osawerengeka pansi pa sacristy ya golidi, potsiriza anamva kunyumba. Kachisi amatchulidwa ku Solzhenitsyn, Mandelstam, Tsvetaeva, Khodasevich. Ndipo mujambula iye waperekedwa kwa A. Lentulov pajambula "The Iberia".

Zikalata

Pempheroli, pokhala chizindikiro cha kukonda dziko la Russia (mwachitsanzo, polimbana ndi Napoleon Bonaparte) ndi chipembedzo cha Orthodox, chinali chotchuka kwambiri pakutha kwa ufumuwo. Mizinda yambiri inayamba kumanga nyumba zofanana. Chipinda cha Iberi pa Chipata cha Kuukitsidwa ku Moscow chinakhala chitsanzo kwa tchalitchi chaching'ono ku Tomsk. Kumeneko, bukulo linamangidwa mu 1883. Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Soviet, tchalitchichi chidawonongedwa, ndipo pamalo ake anali olemera. Koma anthu a Tomsk adabwezeretsa chapemphero chawo zaka zikwi ziwiri ndi ziwiri. Iye, monga poyamba pachimake, adakonzedweratu ndi Mkulu wa Mabishopu Alexy II. Pano pali kopi imodzi yokha ya Iberian chapel ku Moscow. Zoona, iye sali ku Russia, koma ku Belgrade. Iyo inamangidwa mu Manda atsopano ndi ndalama za obwera kuchokera ku USSR m'chaka cha makumi atatu ndi chimodzi. Kwa zaka zambiri tchalitchichi chinasiyidwa, koma m'chilimwe cha 2014 chinali chobwezeretsedwa kwathunthu ndi kubwezeretsedwa. Pali mahema a Mayi wa Mulungu wa Iberia, pomwe "mndandanda" umodziwo umasungidwa, koma si mipingo ya mpingo wa Moscow.

Kuwona kwa likulu

Ngakhale mutakhala kuti kulibe Mulungu kapena muli m'chipembedzo china, ngati mukumvetsa kuti chikhomo chatsopano ndi chojambula chakale sichiri chofanana, sichidutsa ndi kachisi wamng'ono uyu. Kupenda izo kuchokera kunja ndi mkati ndi nkhani ya theka la ora. Ulendo wopita ku Moscow ndi basi umatenga chapeleri komanso nthawi yochepa. Koma ndi bwino kuyang'ana zojambula ndi stuko, ndikuyamika mngelo padenga ndikulowa mkati. Kuwonjezera pa chithunzi chachikulu cha Amayi a Mulungu a Iverskaya, chidwi chimakopeka ndi analo kawiri, zonse zojambulidwa.