Nyenyezi yowala mu mlengalenga. Sirius Star - Alpha Canis

Modern zakuthambo anagawa dera lakumwamba m'madera ena, kuitana magulu awo. Chigawo chilichonse lili makumi ndi zina mazana a nyenyezi. Mu masiku akale iwo wosalira pouza aliyense kuwundana kanjedza zosiyanasiyana. Wye mizere, zojambula wakale analandira, zingaoneke amatikumbutsa zolengedwa lapansi. Kotero apo Nkhanu kuwundana, Crane, Dorado ndi ena. Pa nthawi imeneyi kumpoto Chigawo 47 magulu a nyenyezi, ndi South - 41. amakhulupirira kuti nyenyezi yowala mu mlengalenga kumpoto mu kuwundana Canis Major (Canis Major ku Latin).

wamkulu Dog

Mwa kaphatikizidwe onse a mizere mu kuwundana kwa nyenyezi, tiyenera kupeza chithunzi, chinachake chokhala ngati galu. Okwana lili nyenyezi 148. Tingaone 80 okha a iwo, ndi lotchuka kwambiri awa ndi Sirius. nyenyezi yowala limatulutsa ndi chowala bluish kumwamba, choncho ndi zovuta muzindikire. Tikumbukenso kuti amaona mtsogoleri wa Sirius mu kuwala, osati kuwundana, komanso yaikulu usiku thambo lonse lapansi. kwa zaka zikwi zambiri, anthu kupereka ulemu wapadera kwa izo.

Iwo Tingaone mu kumpoto ndi kum'mwera hemispheres dzikoli. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ndi kwambiri dongosolo lathu dzuwa. Only pafupi Sirius Alpha Centauri, Wolf 359, nyenyezi ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono wofiira Bernard Lalande.

Pakati pa dzuwa ndi Sirius mtunda wa zaka 8,64 kuwala. Poyerekeza ndi malo a nyenyezi zina mu Milky Way, mtunda izi ankaona kuti n'zosatheka. Ngati mulibe kuganizira dziko waukulu mu dongosolo lathu, nyenyezi yowala bwino kuonekera mu mlengalenga.

Sirius

Mpaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi kuti ankakhulupirira kuti Sirius yekha kumwamba lonse, pamene mu 1844 wakhala osati kuika patsogolo chiphunzitso kuti pafupi ndi gulu lalikulu, maso a anthu. Zimenezi adafotokoza ya zakuthambo Fridrih Vilgelm Bessel ku Germany. amanena anamanga mfundo ya zakuthambo thupi poyenda ndi njira yodutsamo kuchoka wake.

Mu maganizo ake, ndi thupi losaoneka, pamodzi ndi Sirius imazungulira yofanana, ndipo masamu kuti kasinthasintha wina ali usinkhu wa zaka fifite. Koma chiphunzitso chakuti wakanidwa mwa zakuthambo ena wolemekezeka zochokera kusowa umboni wazotsatira. Pofuna kutsimikizira mfundo zawo, Friedrich sanathe mpaka imfa yake, ndipo pambuyo sikisitini zaka America zakutali wopanga Alivani Grehem Klark thupi lina m'mwamba pafupi ndi nyenyezi yowala kwambiri mu mlengalenga. Chifukwa izi kwa Sirius amayamba kuonera, ndipo posakhalitsa German chiphunzitso zakuthambo udatsimikiziridwa.

The nyenyezi yaing'ono woyera

Pambuyo pang'ono ndithu nthawi asayansi anazindikira chifukwa Sirius ikuyenda pamodzi njira yodutsamo izi. nkhani zonse nyenyezi, ndilo lotsatira - asayansi anawapatsa dzina Sirius B. Zake udindo - ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono woyera, amene si nyukiliya zosiyanasiyana. Ndipotu ina chidwi ndi kuti unyinji wa thupi lakumwamba ndi wofanana ndi unyinji wa Dzuwa, pamene kukula n'chochepa kwambiri. N'chifukwa chake Sirius B anakopeka nyenyezi zina, kuwachititsa atembenuza pa njira yodutsamo ena. Chitsanzo chake kumakhudzanso nyenyezi yowala mu mlengalenga - Sirius A.

Sirius B anali woyamba woyera nyenyezi yaing'ono wokhala ndi mulu waukulu. Asayansi anatsimikiza kuti nyenyezi izi pafupifupi zaka mamilioni. Pali chiphunzitso chimene pamene Sirius anali mu ukhanda wake, wopangidwa zinthu awiri, mmodzi amene ali wamkulu kuposa unyinji wa nyenyezi wathu wa kasanu, ndi zina - mu awiri. Kuwala poyamba zopsereza ndi inasanduka kuonekera ife Sirius B ndi awiri kuchepetsedwa ndi misa lalikulu. Sirius A anapitiriza katundu, kotero anthu adzasangalale ndi kuwala kwake si Zakachikwi choyamba.

The chowala ofiira a Sirius

Kale, anthu anzeru osiyanasiyana komanso anaonerera Sirius, koma amakumana, pali chitsanzo zachilendo: iwo onse anaona kuti nyenyezi yowala kumwamba kum'mwera limatulutsa ndi chowala wofiira. Bright wofiira nyenyezi anautcha kuti nzeru zapamwamba Roma ndi wolemekezeka nzika ya Lutsiy Anney Seneka. The chowala chomwecho amayang'ana ndi Klavdiy Ptolemey mu m'zaka za zana lachinayi BC. Mmodzi kuti amaganiza kuti mtundu wa nyenyezi anali molakwika chifukwa Chigawo, kumene openyerera. Koma mbiri ya zakuthambo Chinese, pali zolembedwa za nyenyezi ofiira, anati ndi wasayansi Syma Tsyan. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse kalelo wosasiya umboni wa totere chidwi zachilendo. Asayansi asayansi ankaganiza kuti posachedwapa (miyezo Kumwamba), nyenyezi yowala mu mlengalenga usiku anali wofiira.

Baibulo boma cha wofiira chowala

Koma pano pali sayansi boma sanagwirizane ndi mawu amenewa. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti ngati umenewu nthawi yochepa palibe kusintha kwakukulu ndi Sirius sakanakhoza zidzachitika. Malinga ndi akatswiri a masiku ano, anthu a nthawi imeneyo ndimangofuna kuti gloss pa zimene anaona, kuwonjezera mafotokozedwe achipongwe yowala. Komanso, ngati inu mutayang'ana iye madzulo ndipo panali m'mawa, tikuona kuti Sirius twinkles - amene n'kuti asokoneza kuwala kwake choona.

kulambira Sirius

Kuti timvetse tanthauzo la miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro zomwe ndi zochokera kulambira nyenyezi, m'pofunika musangoganizira kuti Tingaone kulikonse Dziko Lapansi kwa zaka zambiri, koma imakhudzanso kuwundana aliyense wa nyenyezi Sirius. Mwachitsanzo, Sumerians anamutcha ndi muvi mu chipembedzo chawo ankaona kuti Boom izi watitumizira mulungu Ninurta. Koma Aigupto ankakhulupirira kuti nyenyezi ili mukuimira wamkazi Soptet.

Egypt

Penyani nyenyezi anayamba zakuthambo ina ya ku Iguputo. Mwa njira, zikhoza kukuthandizani kudziwiratu ngati ndi Nile. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti ndi chifukwa misozi ya mulungu wamkazi Isisi maliro mwamuna wake, Osirisi, mulungu wa zaulimi. Komanso ku Iguputo anayesedwa chaka si Sun, ndi pa Sirius.

Greece

Koma Agiriki, mawu akuti "Sirius" amamasulira mwachindunji - "wowala". The Agiriki anakhulupirira kuti nyenyezi yowala kumwamba mu January - ndi Orion Canis Major. Komanso Ahelene lidakhulupirira kuti galu pa njira ya Pleiades, amene amapha kwa Osirisi, ndi kuthamangitsa kalulu.

Mu Latin, nyenyezi otchedwa tchuthi, kutanthauza "galu pang'ono." mphindi pamene Sirius unali kuonekera kwambiri mu zonse, ankatengedwa masiku a nyenyezi. Masiku ano sangakhale chochita, ndipo kuchita zimenezi kunali kovuta chifukwa chakuti yotentha ya chaka.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, anthu zakwawoko la New Zealand, tawalemekeza nyenyezi Sirius monga thupi la Rehua mulungu wamoyo thambo apamwamba.

Dogon

Kwambiri kulambira chachinsinsi Sirius panopa ankaona utumiki wa nyenyezi fuko Dogon. Ngakhale kuti sayansi yamakono apeza Sirius B, anthu a fuko limeneli wakhala kudziwika kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndipo kufunsa kuti banja chipangizo chamagetsi ndi mlingo wa chidziwitso cha Dogon akadali pa mlingo achikale. Komanso Dziwani ndi chakuti kalendala ya fuko anamanga mu makumi asanu nthawi choikidwa mpaka nthawi kasinthasintha wa nyenyezi yaing'ono woyera kuzungulira yowala nyenyezi Sirius A. Santhulani nyenyezi N'zosatheka zida, pamene Dogon ngakhale zida wosazindikira chidwi kumwamba uko.

Pomaliza

Nyenyezi yowala mu mlengalenga - Sirius. Iwo Tingaone onse cha Kumwera kwa dziko lapansi ndi ku North. Timaonera nyenyezi kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo potsirizira pake ndinaphunzira kutsatira zimene kuwundana nyenyezi Sirius - umatchedwa kuwundana Canis Major. Akukhulupirira kuti nyenyezi ndiko kofunika pambuyo Sun dziko lapansi. Kufikira tsopano, zinthu zambiri ndi nthano kugwirizana ndi Sirius, ankaona chinsinsi kwa sayansi yamakono. N'chifukwa chake anthu ambiri amadabwa kuti ndi nyenyezi, limene lili pafupi nafe.