Ntchito koyefishienti yolusa (seriality chiŵerengero): tanthauzo chilinganizo. mitundu ya ulimi

Mu zachuma, pali zingapo njira imene regularities zikugwirizananso ndi gulu la ulimi pa mabizinezi a specialization zosiyanasiyana ndi sikelo, kugwiritsa ntchito luso zimatiyika pa Kuvuta ndi kameredwe ka antchito. Kugawira lingaliro limene dongosolo izi atsimikiziridwa zochokera koyefishienti mfundo za akukonzekera ntchito pa fakitale ina. Kwenikweni ake ndi chiyani? Mmene limafanana ndi chitsanzo yeniyeni ya gulu kupanga?

SUMMARY chilinganizo ndi ntchito kukonza koyefishienti

Kodi koyefishienti wa kuphatikiza ntchito ndi chiyani izo? Mawu amenewa ntchito chiphunzitso zachuma pa nkhani ya kudziŵa zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya ulimi. Pa anthu ambiri amadziwira zizindikiro zina, malinga ndi zomwe amasulidwe katundu amapeza pa gulu ndi sayansi makhalidwe m'miyeso osiyana: ndi ogwira ntchito ngati amodzi lonse kapena Mwachitsanzo, kuntchito payekha.

Mitundu ya mafakitale zochokera zambiri anatsimikiza ku:

• osiyanasiyana katundu chopangidwa;
• Chiwerengero cha mankhwala chopangidwa;
• ndi zonse za mndandanda wa katundu opangidwa;
• mlingo wa katundu pa ntchito;
• udindo specialization mu makampani boma.

Factor mu funso zikugwirizanirana ndi zizindikiro kiyi Sewerolo akhoza zimaonetsa mtundu winawake wa ulimi.

chilinganizo ake zikusonyezedwa dongosolo lophweka.

The koyefishienti wa kuphatikiza ntchito ndi kuchita masamu kuti chiŵerengero cha chiwerengero cha mavuto zamakono (zimene kuthetsedwa kapena tiyenera kuziganizira) ndi chiwerengero cha ntchito monga gawo nyengo malipoti - mwachitsanzo, 1 mwezi.

Pamodzi ndi chizindikiro ankaona chiphunzitso zachuma komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu wamba:

• specialization kwapakati pa ntchito;
• seriality;
• misa.

Zidzakhala zothandiza kuti apitirize kupeza chomwe iwo ali.

The koefishienti wa specialization, siriyo ndi misa: kodi cholinga chawo?

Koyefishienti wa specialization ndodo malo kampani zikusonyeza chiŵerengero cha kuchuluka kwa processing mfundo kapena mfundo ya yopanga zipangizo mwa njira yeniyeni kuti chiwerengero cha ntchito (kapena akanema zida) mu kampani kapena gulu la kampaniyo.

seriality chinthu amaimira chiŵerengero cha linanena bungwe choperekedwa mawu mankhwala - mwachitsanzo, mu zidutswa pa mphindi, - nthawi pafupifupi kuchita ntchito lolingana mu chimango cha ndondomeko.

koyefishienti misa kuchita masamu ndi chilinganizo m'malo ovuta amene amaganizira zinthu monga:

• chidutswa nthawi ngati mbali imodzi kapena ntchito ina opanga;
• mlingo wa kumasulidwa katundu;
• pafupifupi mphamvu ya mankhwala;
• Fund nthawi ntchito zida, m'kukoma mawu osiyana.

Malinga ndi mfundo zenizeni zomwe tikhale koyefishienti yolusa ntchito ndi kupanga mtumiki zimagawidwa monga thupi limodzi mitundu zotsatirazi:

• limodzi;
• siriyo;
• ang'ono-ang'ono;
• misa.

Taganizirani mfundo awo enieni.

kupanga SUMMARY wagawo

Kodi kupanga dongosolo? chitsanzo ichi amakhala ndi kupanga kutulutsidwa kwa katundu chidutswa, nthawi zambiri - mankhwala apadera. Assortment mankhwala zogwirizana angathe kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo osiyanasiyana mokwanira lonse. Wogwila amakampani kapena masitolo ndi kupanga umodzi, monga ulamuliro, alibe specialization. ntchito yeniyeni, monga ulamuliro, si lokhazikika kalekale kwa ntchito zina.

Mwina kudziŵika kuti Mwachitsanzo, ambiri specialization koyefishienti amene amadziwika kupanga adzadziwire - dongosolo la ntchito 40 pa udindo.

Specialization ntchito inayake zingakhale chifukwa makamaka mfundo zamakono kupanga mankhwala ena, kukula zawo. Zida mkati unit kupanga, monga ulamuliro, lingagwiritsidwe konsekonse ndipo nthawi zambiri mosinthana.

Pakuti apawokha kupanga amakhala ndi: pamaso pa malo a chosakwanira amasulidwe katundu, zonse changeover zida, mkulu ntchito mwamphamvu ntchito, komanso ngati yaitali kutulutsidwa kwa katundu mkombero.

Monga ulamuliro pa mtengo mwa chitsanzo zogwirizana kupanga si mkulu. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa, kuphatikizapo nkhani ya ulimi wa katundu kwa ogwira ntchito kwambiri aluso amene ayenera kulipira malipilo apamwamba.

Ngati mankhwala osiyanasiyana chopangidwa fakitale mokwanira zosiyanasiyana lolingana mtundu wa ulimi akhoza yodziwika ndi digiri yapamwamba ya sayenda ndiponso kusinthasintha kwa kusintha mu kufunika kwa katundu chopangidwa. Makampani ambiri mu njira yopanga omangawo kukundika mphamvu kwa kupanga katundu panobe zosiyana. The ogwira ntchito ayenera Choncho, zomangamanga zofunika, ndalama, anthu ogwira ntchito ndi cholinga chokwaniritsa muyezo izi.

Ngati kampani akulephera kupereka osiyanasiyana katundu chopangidwa, patsogolo akhoza adzaikidwa wokhudza mankhwala sayansi chipangizo, kawirikawiri chifukwa msika, koma pa kufunika yomweyo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati olimba umabala microprocessors kwa zida za nkhondo, ngakhale popanda iwo sati kutulutsa katundu wina aliyense wa malonda, mosakayikira ndi kufunika azilandira kwa mankhwala ake. Mukupanga adzakula pang'ono, ndi makasitomala - onse pa mlingo wa kuti chitetezo dziko, ndi pa dziko msika, - wokwanira.

Komabe, ndi kufunika zokwanira, kampani zikuoneka kuti mukulitse kupanga, umene nthawi mosakayikira adzakhala siriyo. Taganizirani mfundo yake yeniyeni.

SUMMARY siriyo yopanga

Siriyo kupanga chitsanzo limafanana ndi kumasulidwa kwa katundu magulu osiyana. Mtundu wa bungwe amakhala ndi machitidwe a fakitale, monga ulamuliro, mokwanira zochepa osiyanasiyana mankhwala aperekedwe ku msika. Ndiwo ndalama kwa kuŵeta - yobereka yake kwa KATUNDU kasitomala katundu pa intervals mwasankha.

Mu ang'onoang'ono kupanga idzachitike malinga ndi buku la otumiza munthu wa medium- ndi zikuluzikulu. Mu chimango cha chitsanzo cha gulu la kutuluka kwa katundu ikuchitika mu specialization mokwanira yopapatiza ntchito - choncho kuti antchito a kampani anali ndi mwayi kuchita ntchito yeniyeni kupanga pa mlingo wokweretsa cha khalidwe. Izi kupanga Mbali nthawi zambiri Mzimuyo kuchepetsa ndalama yopanga - mwachitsanzo, kudzera mphamvu yosankha akatswiri ndi chondichitikira chaching'ono osati mbali yovuta kwambiri za kumasulidwa kwa katundu. Magawo ambiri sayansi chipangizo kupanga, nayenso akhoza akuyang'anira ndodo woyenerera wa kampani.

Komanso, kupanga m'ziwawa nthawi zambiri amafuna njira kasamalidwe ogwira ntchito kuti konza kugwiritsa ntchito zina - zipangizo, malo kupanga zipangizo, zipangizo. Nthawi zambiri, mu chitsanzo ichi bungwe za kumasulidwa kwa zinthu pa msika kubwera zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku - Zipangizo zoyendera magetsi, mitundu wamba zida ndondomeko.

Ang'ono-ang'ono amasulidwe katundu

kupanga ang'ono-ang'ono, monga subspecies wa malipoti mtundu za kumasulidwa kwa katundu pafupi wagawo ndi. Zimatengera kumasulidwa kwa katundu magulu ang'onoang'ono, kawirikawiri - mkati osiyanasiyana lalikulu. Phindu la zipani yeniyeni, kawirikawiri amakhala aang'ono, ndi Komanso akhoza zonse kusintha. kampaniyo zambiri amasintha mitundu ya katundu aziwapatsa pansi ulimi ang'ono-ang'ono, kusinthasintha mwayi kufunika panopa, kapena zinthu za msika. Mwina kudziŵika kuti amasulidwe mtundu katundu zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ndi pafupifupi cholinga chomwecho, amene zikugwira unit kupanga. Kwa ntchito yodziwika ndi pogwira ntchito ntchito, kulola kukonza kupanga mankhwala zosiyana.

Sing'anga mndandanda amasulidwe katundu

Sing'anga mndandanda adzapulumutsa kumsika ndi magulu akuluakulu a katundu, amene anapereka mu nomenclature ochepa mokwanira. Choncho mokhazikika kotunga amakhala ndi digiri yapamwamba ya bata. Mlingo wa specialization ntchito - ndi mokwanira mkulu. Zida ntchito popanga, zimakhala mosalekeza ndi apadera. Pakuti mafakitale ndi zimene malipoti limayendetsa mtundu wa ulimi amakhala ndi mayikidwe a zomangamanga, komanso kuonetsetsa yogawa za kumasulidwa kwa zinthu monga malo enieni sayansi.

Zikuluzikulu amasulidwe katundu

kupanga zikuluzikulu kumafuna amasulidwe katundu anaika pa msika lalikulu zedi mokwanira yopapatiza nomenclature. Mitundu ina yotchuka kwambiri ya mankhwala akhoza kupangidwa mosalekeza.

Kwa ntchito kupanga ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi specialization mkulu. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za zida wotanganidwa ndi zinthu pa magazini kumalo a ntchito.

Ife tsopano kuphunzira kulunjika kwa kuŵeta.

ndi mbali ya kuŵeta chiyani?

Mtundu wa gulu la kutuluka kwa katundu pa chomera kumafuna kuika pa msika wa malonda lalikulu zedi ndipo, monga ulamuliro, moyandikira yochepa.

Kupanga amafuna chakudya khola lolunjika pa ankafuna yaitali. Specialization ntchito mu bungwe za kumasulidwa kwa zinthu zoyenera njira - yopapatiza. Pa aliyense wa iwo athamanga makamaka njira sitepe kapena gulu la homogeneous. The mankhwala wadutsa kapena kuti sitepe msonkhano, wadutsa mu gawo lina lotsatira processing - ndi zina mpaka mankhwala wokonzeka. Choncho gawo la ntchito yamanja zambiri otsika ku ano kuŵeta. Mbali imeneyi ya gulu la kupanga katundu nthawi zambiri kwambiri amachepetsa mtengo wa kupanga unit mankhwala.

Chiwerengero cha ntchito yokonzekera zikuluzikulu kotunga mankhwala akhoza kukhala yofunika kwambiri ndi ochepa: izo zidalira pa mlingo wa zomangamanga sayansi. Pa mtengo robotic ndi yodzichitira kupanga boma angakhale poyerekeza ndi mafakitale ndi mbali yaikulu ya ntchito yamanja.

kuŵeta wa bungwe ayenera zoyembekezeka kufunika khola. Ngati muyezo izi sakukhutitsidwa, ndi gulu ali ndi vuto ya mavuto chifukwa chosowa ndalama, mwa mawu a mtengo akuthamanga. Kwenikweni, tilinazo mkulu wa kufunika kwa ogwira ntchito amene bungwe la kuŵeta anakhalabe pa iliyonse siteji ya chitukuko ntchito. Kotero, gulu zofunika pamaso pakuika mphamvu zina, amene amalola kuti atsogolere amasulidwe katundu mu mphamvu yoyenera, phunziro mwatsatanetsatane pa kufunika kwa mankhwala.

Mitundu ya ulimi ndi posungira Chinthu

Kodi ife ikukhudzana bwanji ndi mitundu ankaona ntchito yopanga akukonzekera koyefishienti? Mu zachuma komanso chiwerengero cha mfundo boma zakhazikitsa ubale pakati pa zizindikiro ndi chitsanzo yokonza kupanga katundu.

Choncho, kupanga umodzi amaona chiŵerengero kuposa mayunitsi 40. Mu kumasulidwa ang'ono-ang'ono - ndi mu osiyanasiyana 20-40, ndi sing'anga mndandanda - a dongosolo la 10-20 pa mwaunyinji - zambiri 1-10. Kupanga ali kukonza chiŵerengero zambiri osati choposa 1.

mfundo Economic kusankha zitsanzo yopanga

Kotero, ife kuyang'ana pa icho, kodi chito chachikulu cha ulimi, komanso mfundo lolingana wa koyefishienti wa kuphatikiza ntchito, kutanthauza zizindikiro chifungulo cha kugwira ntchito chitsanzo cha gulu la kupanga katundu mu kumalo a ntchito.

Kodi kasamalidwe olimba a zochita za chiyanjo zofunika za njira chitukuko ntchito mawu a gulu la ulimi mu mitundu ina?

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu ku dzuwa chuma kampani - ndi kufunika khola. Ngati iye sanapezeke, ngakhale kukachitika kuti kampani adzakhala qualitatively ntchito yonse ntchito popanga, adzakhala anayambitsa njira nzeru ndi zida zabwino, anapeza sangakhale okwanira kubisa ndalama. Choncho musanayambe aganyali kuwonjezeka mu mphamvu kupanga ndi kulanda kampaniyo, mwachitsanzo, ang'ono-ang'ono ndi sing'anga mndandanda chitsanzo, kasamalidwe tiyenera kufufuza ziyembekezo za kugulitsa katundu mokulirapo, kuona ngati ankafuna chokwanira pa mtundu zogwirizana mankhwala.

Ndi chofunika kuti, chimene zomangamanga ntchito za bizinesi zikupezeka mfundo: zimachitika kuti eni yoyambirira ya kampani padera potipatsa ntchito yapadera kwambiri, ndi kukonzanso zida za anthu amene yodziwika ndi specialization chachikulu, kungakhale mabvuto, ndi mosemphanitsa. ndondomeko Labor - ndi gawo la chitsanzo malonda, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kwambiri kuti kusintha, zotani kupanga bungwe ndi kampaniyo. Munthu ophunzitsidwa Mwachitsanzo, katswiri pa mapulogalamu a zigawo zikuluzikulu zamakono, ayenera sangathe kuchita mawu kugwira ntchito, ndi kulankhula, kuchititsa kusanthula mankhwala ntchito zachilengedwe za thupi chimateteza pa katundu chopangidwa - ichi adzakhala ndi kuphunzitsidwa specializations ena.

Ngakhale dzuwa la kusintha kwa ndodo kukumana ntchito yatsopano ntchito ukafunidwe, mwa mawu a ulimi wamakono. Pankhaniyi, monga ulamuliro, ndi za kukopa akatswiri watsopano, ndipo akhoza kudziwa maonekedwe a ndalama latsopano kampani. ndondomeko Labor - kumakhalanso ndondomeko umene kampani kasamalidwe afunika kulabadira zokwanira ogwira ntchito pofufuza ndi akatswiri a kuyankhulana nawo, kuyezetsa, kapangidwe ntchito, zomwe anatengera awo mwachangu limatchula za ndondomeko kupanga mu kampani.

Ndithudi, kusankha chitsanzo kupanga ayenera kuganizira panopa zomangamanga zoyendera ngati mphamvu ya misewu alipo m'chigawo si mkulu, yobereka mankhwala opangidwa mu chimango cha lalikulu zedi, akhoza kuchitika movutikira. Kapena mtengo wa Kumwambamwamba, amene, kachiwiri, kungafune pa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zina yotithandiza malonda. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za mphamvu ya kubala a zipangizo kwa ogulitsa. Ngati si mkulu mokwanira, ndiye atumiza kupanga wamphamvu angakhale mabvuto. Kapena njira ya vutoli adzaona kuwonjezeka mitengo ya zinthu, kungachititse msinkhu osakwanira a mpikisano.

chidule

Kotero, ife anayang'ana pa kodi chiŵerengero cha kuphatikiza ntchito ndi mfundo pansiyi wa specialization, serialization, komanso misa. zolozerazi zimaonetsa mmene kampaniyo bungwe amasulidwe katundu: mu chimango umodzi, mtanda kapena kuŵeta.

Kusankha chitsanzo kumatengera zifukwa zambiri. Choyamba, ndi mlingo wa kufunika pa msika kapena zingakhale zotheka. Kachiwiri, ndi kuthekera kwa m'munsi alipo kupanga komanso chiyembekezo kukopa ndodo oyenerera yeniyeni polingalira ndalama anachita, zimene zimafunika kuti alipire. Kachitatu, ndi chuma zomangamanga wa kampani - makamaka mawu a nkhani ya njira zoyendera kwa yobereka katundu kwa makasitomala kapena kugula zipangizo kwa ogulitsa.