Ferroalloy - ndi chiyani ichi? ferroalloy Bzalani

Makampani zitsulo ndi makampani zina zamakono, zomwe zimafuna osati chuma chokha, komanso apanga mankhwala kapena zina zothandiza ntchito zitsulo. Pakuti yopanga zitsulo ntchito kasakaniza wazitsulo chitsulo ndi zigawo yeniyeni. The mankhwala chifukwa - ichi ndi ferro-kasakaniza wazitsulo.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Ferrosplav - mfundo zofunika makampani zitsulo, ntchito ndi cholinga doping, deoxidation, kuyenga akakhala ndi sanali akakhala zitsulo. Maziko ferroalloy anaika aloyi zachitsulo (Fe, ferrum) ndi zina (manganese, potassium molybdenum, pakachitsulo, etc.). Yopanga chimachitika mayunitsi wapadera.

Pakali pano, chuma ntchito kupanga ndi aloyi zitsulo ndi zinthu zoposa makumi awiri. Kafukufuku watsopano ndi zofuna mafakitale amasonyeza kuchuluka mgwirizano.

Kusankhidwa kwa ferroalloys

Mu chitsulo ndi zitsulo ferroalloys ntchito wogulitsa zozunguza ubongo, kuti amalola kulandira kuposa 2.5 zikwi sukulu zosiyanasiyana zitsulo. steels The bwino ntchito ya migodi, zitsulo, mankhwala, zomangamanga, mafakitale chitetezo ndi mafakitale ena. Ferroalloy - mu zitsulo zowonjezera, amene anayambitsa kukweza katundu wa nkhani yomaliza. makhalidwe kudzudzulidwa zitsulo kusintha katundu makina, kukana monyanyira kutentha kapena aukali chilengedwe mankhwala. The katundu chomaliza cha chuma kudzadalira zikuchokera, yemwe anayambitsa pa yadothi zitsulo.

Ferroalloy kupanga ndi ntchito zawo zimathandiza kupeza zina alloyed zitsulo ndi magwiridwe adasandulika, mwachitsanzo, zakuthupi si maginito kapena chida. Deoxidation wa zitsulo ntchito ferroalloy ndi zoyenera kutsatiridwa ndi O mu mpweya slag okwana kulemera. Apa ntchito mankhwala chitsulo ndi pakachitsulo, titaniyamu, zitsulo zotayidwa ndi zina zotero.

Komanso ferroalloy - ndi modifier chifukwa zitsulo kapena zitsulo adaponya, cholinga kuchepetsa kapangidwe mbewu zakuthupi ndi kusintha bwanji kuwongola katundu makina. Pakuti womanga chitsulo pamodzi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kashiamu + pakachitsulo, chitsulo + manganese + chitsulo + magnesium ndi pakachitsulo Al.

zipangizo

kupanga ferroalloy akuyamba ndi miyala yaiwisi lomwe ladzala ndi gulu lapadera la zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa ferrosilicon ndi ferrochromium ntchito Unakhala miyala, ndi ferrotitanium kapena ferrotungsten ndi chakudya maganizo. The ndondomeko zamakono zikuphatikizapo sitepe kuchepetsa oxides zitsulo, m'gulu pawiri lapansi. Chisoni chothandizira ndi chitsulo kapena oxides ake. Zobwezerezedwanso mchitidwe amalandira zinthu kwa mawonekedwe khola ndiponso kusapezeka kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni iwowo. Iron ndi makampani zitsulo pa siteji pano njira zambiri ntchito ya electrothermal yopanga ferroalloys, ozikidwa pa redox anachita. Kusungunuka zitsulo ndi Kuwonjezera ferroalloy kumachepetsa kutentha m'ng'anjo, potero kuchepetsa mowa mphamvu kupanga.

mitundu ya ferroalloys

Panopa kupanga dziko la ferroalloys ndi matani mamiliyoni 16.5 pa chaka. Chiwerengero cha zinthu alipo zopangidwa kuti kwathunthu ikukwaniritsa zosowa za mitundu yonse yopanga zitsulo (wamba, yapadera, yomanga). gawo Russia ndi kupanga dziko ndi 12,7%, maudindo ŵa ali wotanganidwa ndi China, US, Japan. Ferroalloy - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zotchuka kwambiri, kupanga ake ndi zingamuthandize malangizo a chitukuko cha mafakitale.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya ferroalloys:

• Ferrosilicon.
• Silicocalcium.
• Ferromanganese.
• Ferrochrome (a sing'anga, otsika mpweya, kaboni ufulu).
• Silikohrom.
• Ferrotungsten.
• Ferromolybdenum.
• Ferrovanadium.
• Ferrotitanium.
• Ferroboron.
• Exothermic kasakaniza wazitsulo.

makampani ferroalloy

makampani Ferroalloy mu Russia wakhala umaimiridwa ndi kampani wosakwatiwa, yomwe ili Urals mpaka 1917. magetsi anapeka ng'anjo awiri pa 250 kW. 4 zomera kuyamba mu 30s ntchito: Makhachkala, Chelyabinsk, Zaporozhye (Ukraine), Zestafoni (Georgia).

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1942 mpaka 1945 linamangidwa ndi anapezerapo Kuznetsky, Aktobe, Klyuchevskii ferroalloy zomera. Mu zaka lonse itatha anayikidwa kugwira ntchito mu magawo Serov (1956), Stakhanov ku Ukraine (1962), Nikopol (Ukraine, 1966), Ermak ku Kazakhstan (1968). Chosavuta mphamvu kwathunthu zofuna za msika zoweta ndi amaloledwa kulowa msika zakunja mwayi mpikisano. Onse buku la ulimi wa ferroalloys pa nthawi ya kugwa kwa Soviet Union anakwana matani mamiliyoni 6 pa chaka. Mu Russia zomera khumi ntchito lerolino, okhazikika kupanga ferroalloys. Yaikulu ya izi ndi Chelyabinsk zitsulo Bzalani.

Aksu zomera Kazakhstan

Aksu Ferroalloy Bzalani ili mu dera Pavlodar cha Kazakhstan. Mpaka 1995, anatcha dzina lake Ermak Ferroalloys, kutumidwa tsiku - 1966. Mu 1995 kampani anagulitsidwa kwa Japanese kampani Japan Chrom Corp., m'chaka chomwecho iye anadzakhala m'Bungwe "Kazchrome" bungweli. Total kupanga pachaka miliyoni matani mankhwala. Panopa, kampani ndi mmodzi wa atsogoleri dziko kupanga kasakaniza wazitsulo. Mphamvu mowa mphamvu megawatts 600. Waukulu aakulu m'banja mankhwala - chromium, manganese, pakachitsulo kasakaniza wazitsulo.

mphamvu kupanga:

• Anayi ng'anjo.
• Twente-sikisi ng'anjo magetsi ndi mphamvu kuchokera 16.5 kuti 63 MVA.
• Awiri kukonzekera zokambirana.
• Slag processing chomera.
• Mawotchi zong'ambika.
• Road ndi chomera njanji.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira kampani - anthu 6,000.

Novokuznetsk chomera

Mu 1942 anayamba kutulutsa ferroalloys Novokuznetsk. Mu 1992 kampani anasintha mawonekedwe ake a boma, kukhala olowa katundu kampani. Kusintha woyamba umwini chinachitika mu 2000, kampani kasamalidwe wakhala gulu MDM. Ndipo kuyambira 2010 chomera loyang'aniridwa ndi Ural-Siberia zitsulo Company.

The mankhwala waukulu umene ukunenedwa kwa deoxidizing, alloying wa zitsulo ferrosilicon. Pakuti makampani zomangamanga chikalata modifiers ntchito limatsogolera ya chitsulo. A mtundu watsopano kupanga microsilica ntchito kupangira zitsulo ndi tundishes nawo ndondomeko za kuponyera.

Klyuchevskii chomera

Klyuchevskii Ferroalloy Bzalani anakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a fakitale hromoobogatitelnoy mu 1941. Chibwenzi yekha pambuyo Soviet malo tsopano umabala mitundu zoposa 30 ferroalloys, kasakaniza wazitsulo. Zina mwa kampani "MidUral Gulu".

Osiyanasiyana mankhwala zikuphatikizapo:

• Silicocalcium ndi kuwonjezapo kwa vanadium, zirconium, titaniyamu, zitsulo zotayidwa.
• Silikovanady, ferronioby, silicocalcium, ferrotitanium.
• Modifier ferrosilikotsirkony mankhwala enaake a okhutira.
• Ligature - zochokera niobium ndi faifi tambala ku zitsulo osowa lapansi.
• Slag neri Al.

mankhwala Current ntchito deoxidizing, alloying, degassing zitsulo ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake, komanso modifiers chitsulo.

Nikopol ferroalloy

Gawo loyamba la mbewu unayambitsidwa mu 1966. Popeza 1968, kampani imatengedwa yaikulu mu Europe. Maluwa wamkulu ndi zonse mphamvu magwiritsidwe Nikopol Ferroalloy Bzalani chikwaniritsidwa mu 1985-1990. Kenako kupanga anayamba kuchepa bwinobwino. Pakali pano, mbewu - ndi anazindikira makampani mtsogoleri mu Ukraine. Chifukwa cha mavuto a zachuma ndi pafupi kutseka.

mankhwala:

• Ferrosilikatomarganets.
• Ferromanganese.
• elekitirodi phala.
• Fluxes.
• Slag abrasives, chomenyedwa.
• Kukwera kupanga.

The zomera Bratsk

Bratsk Ferroalloy Bzalani ili mu dera Irkutsk ndi sewerolo waukulu wa ferrosilicon East Siberia dera. fakitale anakhazikitsa maziko a umodzi wa masitolo a za Bratsk zotayidwa mbewu. mabizinesi kunkafunika chifukwa kufunika zoweta kwa semiconductors, maselo dzuwa, zamagetsi. Waukulu mankhwala a ogwira ntchito ndi ferrosilicon ndi okhutira mkulu wa pakachitsulo - mpaka 75%. Nkhaniyi inathetsedwa mu 1998. Pofuna kuti akalandire zipangizo zake BFZ kukhala Uvat quartzite miyala. Zovuta mafakitale amalandira magetsi kuchokera pafupi Bratsk HPP, amene kwambiri kuchepetsa mitengo ya zinthu, oposa theka la zimene anagulitsa kampani kulamulira "Mechel" mwa makampani.

Serov

Serov Ferroalloys zilipo kwa zaka zoposa 50. Zomera ndi sewerolo wachiwiri kukula mu Russia. The mankhwala chachikulu - mpweya ferrochrome (mkulu mpweya, sing'anga-mpweya, otsika mpweya, ferrosilicochrome). Gawo loyamba la mbewu unayambitsidwa mu 1961. Pakali pano, gawo la kampaniyo "CHMEK".

ferroalloy mbewu ili m'chigawo Sverdlovsk (Serov), mphamvu kupanga pachaka 200 zikwi matani mankhwala yotsirizidwa. Amalima ndi sipekitiramu lalikulu ligatures pamaziko a otsika mpweya ferrochromium analandira mwa kusakaniza chimasungunula. Tsatirani zosowa za msika zoweta zitsulo, kampani katswiri yopanga ferrosilicon. mankhwala ndi kwa akunja ndi mabungwe ang'onoang'ono zoweta chimvula ambiri.

Aktobe chomera

Zomera lili Aktobe (Kazakhstan). The tani loyamba ferroalloys zinalengedwa pa chomera mu 1943. The mankhwala chachikulu - ferroaluminum, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon, ferrotsink, zitsulo nonferrous ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo awo, kwa kasakaniza wazitsulo njira othandizira.

Aktobe ferroalloys mbewu chaka umabala matani oposa 300,000 katundu. Komanso, kampani limapanga limafotokoza chifukwa zitsulo (ilmentinovy, zircon, rutile). Zomera ndi mmodzi wa atsogoleri dziko makampani kupanga. Management kampani - TNK "Kazchrome".

Zomera ku Russia ndi ferroalloys CIS

Mabizinezi Russia:

• Alapaevsk zitsulo fakitale mankhwala - ferromanganese.
• Kosogorsky MTZ Tula, mankhwala - nkhumba chitsulo, ferromanganese.
• Serov, mankhwala - mpweya ferrochrome.
• Bratsk zomera, mankhwala chachikulu - ferrosilicon.
• Ryazan Bzalani, waukulu mankhwala - ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium, ferro-tungsten, kasakaniza wazitsulo zitsulo osowa amapangidwa pa mbewu.
• Tikhvin chomera mankhwala - mpweya ferrochrome.
• Kuznetsk Ferroalloy Bzalani (ferrosilicon).
• Klyuchevskii chomera umabala kasakaniza wazitsulo osowa - ferroboron, ferronoby, ferrotitanium, ndi ena.
• Chelyabinsk IEC - mtsogoleri makampani ndi. mankhwala apano - ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrosilicochrome, silicocalcium ndi ena.
• Kingisepp chomera (ferromanganese, silicomanganese).

Mabizinezi Ukraine:

• Zaporizhia ferroalloy mbewu manufactures ferrosilicon manganese zitsulo, ferroalloys, ndi ena.
• Nikopol, mankhwala - ferroalloys, ferromanganese, ndi ena.
• Stakhanov mu dera Lugansk, mitundu ya mankhwala - ferroalloys, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese.
• Donetsk Ferroalloys Bzalani, mankhwala chachikulu - Ferroaljuminy.

Kumayambiriro a 2017 makampani Chiyukireniya pafupi kutha ntchito chifukwa cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni ndi sagwirizana chuma dziko.

Mabizinezi Kazakhstan:

• Aktobe zomera, mankhwala zochokera kasakaniza wazitsulo chromium, manganese, pakachitsulo.
• Aksu chomera umabala ferromanganese, ferrochrome ndi ena.

opanga Chijojiya:

• fakitale Zestafoni mitundu chopangidwa wa ferroalloys - ferromanganese.