Nkhondo ya Grengham: Nkhondo ya m'nyanja imene inachitika pa July 27, 1720 ku Nyanja ya Baltic

Nkhondo ya Gringham inali imodzi mwa nkhondo zofunikira kwambiri za m'nyanja zoyambirira za m'ma 1800. Nkhondo iyi yapamadzi inagwirizanitsa mbiri ya Ufumu wachinyamata wa Russia monga mphamvu yamadzi. Kufunika kwake kuyenera kuti nkhondo ya ku Grenham inachititsa kuti magulu a ku Russia apambane, zomwe zinapambana pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri. Dziko la Sweden lingapeze thandizo kuchokera ku England, mfumukazi ya m'madzi, ndipo panthawiyi, njira yotuluka ndi zombo za ku Russia kumphepete mwa nyanja ya kumpoto kwa Ulaya zikhoza kuopsezedwa. Zombo zankhondo za British zinkakhala ku nyanja ya Baltic ndipo zinali zokonzeka kuyendetsa pamodzi ndi sitima za Ufumu wa Sweden. Malo abwino, ntchito zabwino ndikubweretsa chigonjetso ku Russia, chigonjetso chimene Petro mwiniyo anali nacho.

Ophunzira a mbiriyakale amafunsidwa mafunso omwe chaka cha nkhondo ya Grengham anali, yemwe anali mdani wa Russia, ndipo ngati chipambano chinapambana pa nkhondoyi. Tidzayesa kuyankha mafunsowa ndi mafunso ena mwatsatanetsatane.

Chiyambi cha nkhondoyi

Chaka cha Nkhondo ya Grengham chinadziwika ndi kupambana mofulumira kwa Ufumu wachinyamata wa Russia pakuyenda m'madzi ndi kumtunda. Anthu a ku Russia anadziŵa mwamsanga njira zonse zapamwamba zankhondo za sitima zapamadzi, ndi luso lochokera ku zida. Zopindulitsa izi sizikanatha koma kusokoneza mphamvu zazikulu zamadzi. Kufunika kwachinthu chilichonse cha konkire chinawonekera pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Gangut, kumene magulu a ku Russia anagonjetsa nkhondo ya ku Sweden. Nkhondo za ku England ndi Sweden zinagwirizana ndi asilikali, ndipo cholinga chake chinali choti zikhale ndi asilikali a ku Russia ndipo zisawononge ulamuliro wa asilikali a ku Russia m'nyanja ya Baltic. Pofuna kusonyeza mgwirizano wake, gulu lankhondo la Anglo-Swedish linalowa m'nyanja ya Baltic ndipo linayandikira Ravel.

Kuwongolera koteroko sikudakakamize tsara ya ku Russia kufunafuna njira zoyanjanirana ndi mdani wamphamvu, ndipo gulu la asilikalilo linaloŵa m'madzi a Sweden. Pamene mfumu ya ku Russia inamva za kuthawa kwake, adalamula kuti sitima zazombo za ku Russia zichoke ku Aland Islands kupita ku Helsingfors. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu inatumizidwa kuzungulira malo osungirako mapepala, omwe cholinga chawo chinali kuyendetsa madzi osalowerera ndale. Pasanapite nthawi, boti lina linathamangira pansi, ndipo gulu lake linagwidwa ndi oyendetsa sitima ku Sweden. Petro adadziwitsidwa za imfa ya ngalawayo, ndipo adalamula kuti ngalawayi ibwerere kumalo okalamba - kumalo a Aland Islands.

Kuzindikira

Pa July 26, 1720, magalimoto 61 a galley ndi 29 a sitima za ku Russia anayamba kufika ku zilumba za Åland. Magalimotowo analamulidwa ndi a General MM Golitsyn, omwe anali otsimikiza za Peter Wamkulu. Pambuyo pa flotilla panali mabwato ang'onoang'ono omwe anapangidwira kuti adziwe. Chifukwa cha kuoneratu kumeneku, Golitsyn anapeza kuti gulu la asilikali a ku Sweden linali kumuyembekezera pakati pa zilumba za Fritsberg ndi Lemland.

Mdani

Sitima zapamadzi za ku Sweden zinalamulidwa ndi mkulu wa asilikali, Admiral K. Schöbland. Ankhondo ake anali ndi frigates anayi, chida chimodzi chokha, zikepe zisanu ndi zinayi zochepa ndi boti komanso antchito oposa chikwi.

Momwe zinthu zinalili ndi mphepo yamkuntho ndi mphepo yamkuntho, nkhondo ya m'nyanja inkayenera kusinthidwa. Msilikali wa ku Russia anakhazikitsa maphunziro a Fr. Grangam kukonzekera malo ake pa nkhondo yomwe ikuyandikira. Motero anayamba nkhondo ya Grengham.

1720 kuti zombo za ku Russia zinkatanthauza akuluakulu odziwa bwino, ngalawa zamphamvu, zovuta zapambana zomwe zakhala zikuchitika pankhondo zam'madzi. Chifukwa chake, pamene sitima yapamwamba ya mdaniyo inkagwirizana, adapatsidwa chilango choyenera.

Mbalame zachimwenye za ku Sweden, K. Schöbland, zinali ndi mfuti 156 m'ngalawamo yake, choncho sanafune kubisala pamatope a Russia. Poyandikira mtunda woyenerera, sitima ya ku Sweden inayamba kuthamanga kwambiri kuti igwetse sitima za ku Russia ku mfuti zonse.

Kukonzekera nkhondo

Ataphunzira deta yolandirira, General Golitsyn anali kukonzekera nkhondo yaikulu yamadzi. Anaganiza zopita ku Grantham (Grangam). Kumalo ano, malingana ndi mapu oyendetsa ndege, zovuta kwambiri ndi nsapato zazikulu zapezeka. Panthawi imene anthu ankadana kwambiri, asilikali a ku Russia ankaopsezedwa ndi asilikali a ku Sweden. Golitsyn anakonzekeretsa zosankha ndi zotsatira zabwino za nkhondoyo, kuonetsetsa kuti sitima za ku Russia zimachokera ku malo awo akale ku Fliesosund Strait. Atawathandiza kuchoka ku sitima za ku Russia, General Golitsyn anapereka lamulo kuti ayambe nkhondo ya Grengham.

Nkhondo ya nkhondo

Pa July 27, 1720, gulu la asilikali a ku Sweden, pogwiritsa ntchito mchira, linayamba kusunthira, kumene sitima zapamadzi za ku Russia zinayambira.

Golitsyn anapereka lamulo kuti apite pang'onopang'ono, kukopa anthu a ku Sweden kuti akonze msampha. Pamene mafriti anayi a ku Sweden adayendetsedwa ndi malo olowera ku Fliesosun, gulu la asilikali a ku Russia linatenga malo ake oyamba, kuti afike ku Sweden asatuluke mumsampha. Mabwato owala kwambiri a zombo za ku Russia anaukira zombo za adani kumbali zonse. Pofuna kuthawa, sitima za ku Sweden zinayamba kuuluka, koma zinathamangira pansi. Kotero, iwo anaphatikizanso zovuta za ngalawa zawo zina - frigates zolemera zinatseka njira yopulumutsira msampha ndipo zinapangitsa kuti zovuta zonse zombo za Sweden zikhale zovuta. Nkhondo yoopsa yowonongeka inapitirira maola oposa anayi ndipo inachititsa kuti asilikali a ku Russia apambane kwambiri. Asilikali a ku Russia anakwanitsa kulanda frigates anayi a ku Sweden, zombo zomwe zatsala, zomwe zinatsogoleredwa ndi mbendera, zinatha kutuluka mumsampha ndi kutaya kwakukulu.

Gonjetsani kutayika

Nkhondo ya Grengham inapha anthu 82 okwera panyanja a Russia, anthu 203 anavulala. Mbali ya adaniyo inasowa anthu 103 ndipo anapha 407. Sitima za ku Russia zinapwetekedwa kwambiri, koma a ku Sweden adasokoneza mafriti awo anayi.

Zotsatira za nkhondoyo

Ngakhale kuti zinatayika kwambiri, nkhondo ya Grengham inali ndi mphamvu yowonongeka kwa mphamvu m'madzi padziko lonse lapansi. Kupambana kochititsa chidwi kwa sitima zapamadzi zowatcha ku Russia pa sitima zapamadzi ku Sweden kunakhala umboni woonekeratu wa zojambulajambula za asilikali a ku Russia. Makamu a usilikali a ku Sweden adasokonezeka kwambiri ndipo anagonjetsa kwambiri malo ake ku Baltic ndi kumpoto kwa nyanja. Nkhondoyi inalimbikitsa kutchuka kwa Russia mu ndale za ku Ulaya, Russia anayamba kuchitidwa ngati wosewera mpira mdziko lonse lapansi. Zotsatira za nkhondoyo zinakakamiza England ndi anzake kuti agwirizane ndi Nystadt mtendere ndi Russia .

Kumbukirani za nkhondo

Kuti apite usilikali, Peter 1 adalamula kuti asatenge ndondomeko yapadera, yomwe idakonzedweratu kwa onse ochita nawo nkhondo panyanja. Mndandanda wa ndondomekoyi inakongoletsedwa ndi mbiri ya Peter 1, pambuyo pake panali zolembedwera "Chophatikiza ndi kukhulupirika. Amapitirira kwambiri. "

Zinalembedwa pansipa: July 27, 1720 - tsiku limene nkhondo ya Granges inachitika. Tsiku la duel la nkhondoli likudziŵika kwambiri ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale a nkhondo akuphunzira kupambana ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa zombo za ku Russia. Ndipo General Golitsyn analandira lupanga kuchokera kwa mfumu ya Russia, wokongoletsedwa ndi zolembedwera "Kwa gulu labwino".

Tchalitchi cha St. Panteleimon

Kugonjetsa kwakukulu kwa mdani wamkulu kunayikidwa mwa njira yoyenera kwambiri. Zinaphatikizapo kuti magulu awiri apambana a zombo za ku Russia mu nkhondo za Grengam ndi Gangut adagonjetsedwa zaka zosiyanasiyana, koma adali ndi tsiku lomwelo - July 27. Lero mu Orthodoxy limaperekedwera kukumbukira St. Panteleimon. Choncho, adasankha kumanga tchalitchi choperekedwa kwa woyera uyu ku St. Petersburg. Mu 1722, kudzipatulira kwathunthu kwa tchalitchi chaching'ono kunachitika, komwe kunalowetsa chapemphero.

Pambuyo pake, adasankha kubwezeretsanso mpingo ndikuupereka kwa oyenda panyanja ya Baltic. Chisankho ichi chinakwaniritsidwa zaka zambiri pambuyo pake. Pokhapokha mu 1914, pokhala ndi msonkhano waukulu wa anthu ndi kupezeka kwa mamembala a banja lachifumu, kutsegulidwa kwakukulu kwa tchalitchi cha Pantelemonv kunachitika . Chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka gulu la asilikali a Russia, tchalitchi chobwezeretsedwacho chinali chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala ya miyala ya miyala, yomwe mipukutu yonse yomwe inaloŵa m'nyanja za kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18 inalembedwa.