Nkhondo Suriya (nkhondo ku Syria): zimayambitsa, mamembala a nkhondo

Mkangano Siriya wakhalako pafupifupi 4 zaka. Nkhondo imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa yamagazi m'zaka 21. The akuvutika chifukwa cha nkhondo Syria, mazanamazana, anthu oposa mamiliyoni awiri akhala othawa kwawo. Mu nkhondo imeneyi nawo m'mayiko ambiri. Ngakhale zoyesayesa za anthu m'mayiko ena kuyanjanitsa magulu onse chikumenyana, ndewu ndi kupitirirabe, ndi kugwirizana posachedwapa ndi anaoneratu.

nkhondo ANAKULIRA

Syria pa map amatenga 87 TH malo pamlingo za gawolo. Ndi chiyambi cha 2011 mu dziko lino anakhalako zaka pafupifupi 20 miliyoni anthu. Koma ambiri ndi Sunni. Komanso, Akristu ndi Alawites bwino ankaimira, ndi zomwe ziri mu mphamvu ya dziko. Kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Suriya Kurds moyo, amene ndi Asilamu.

boma ndi Baath Party, amene anali kulamulidwa ndi ku Iraq (mpaka kupasula Saddam Hussein ndi mphamvu US). onse osankhika mphamvu pafupi kwathunthu wapangidwa Alawites. Dziko lili ndi zaka zoposa 50 opareshoni boma la mwadzidzidzi, zomwe womangika ena ufulu wa anthu. Mu 2010, Siriya pomizika pamavuto aakulu. Anthu ambiri anachotsedwa ntchito, chikhalidwe chitetezo lafika poipa. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu maiko oyandikana kale mu utumiki othamanga "Spring Arab".

Mu miyezi yochepa chabe pamaso woyamba mwansanga chitsutso unachitikira zionetsero angapo. Zofuna iwo zosiyana ndi khalidwe la zionetsero anali mtendere. Koma pa nthawi iyi United States ndi European Union ayamba mwachangu azikonza magulu andale m'dziko, amene anali wotsutsana ndi ulamuliro wa Bashar al-Assad. Assad analamulira dziko kuyambira 2000.

Yofunika kwambiri pa chiyambi cha zipolowe misa ankaimba zosiyanasiyana Intaneti. Mu January, ndi gawo Siriya za "Facebook" anali kwenikweni anasefukira ndi kofuna zitsanzo odana ndi boma pa February 4. Chitsutso amatchedwa kuti tsiku "Tsiku la Mkwiyo". A wochirikiza wa Assad ananena kuti maukonde makonzedwe ochezera mwadala kutsekereza m'dera ovomereza a boma.

Chiyambi cha escalation a

Kumapeto kwa dzinja m'mizinda yambiri anthu masauzande anatenga misewu. Iwo sanali ogwirizana zofuna zawo osati anayang'ana kupyolera njira bwino. Koma izi zinasintha kwambiri pamene zionetsero ndipo apolisi ankamenyana nkhondo aukali. Patapita masiku angapo ndinayamba kudziŵa za apolisi akufa. zochitika izi amakakamizidwa Assad kuti achite tsankho yolimbikitsa ya zachitetezo ndi kutsimikizira iwo pafupi madera chitsutso kuchulukana.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, kutsutsa afunefune thandizo la West ndi Gulf. Umayamba mapangidwe a "Free Siriya Army". Mu nsana wake imakhala oimira zionetsero zandale mapiko ndi deserters ku Siriya onyamula Zikuchititsa. The ndalama analandira kuchokera kunja, magulu otsutsa zida nkhondo. M'chaka cha 2011 anayamba woyamba kumenyana ndi mfuti.

The Islamization nkhondo ndi

Kwinakwake mu April, otsutsa Islamists kwakukulu chikugwirizana. Patapita nthawi, kuukira zimachitika. Unknown yoponya mabomba imapha akuluakulu lolemekezeka la nkhondo la ku Suriya. Ankhondo ndi asilikali chitetezo dziko linayamba ntchito angapo akutsutsidwa ndi. Free Siriya Army analanda midzi ikuluikulu. Iwo anali pomwepo watsekedwa ndi mphamvu Assad. M'madera kusalankhula wazimitsa magetsi ndi madzi. Woyamba nkhondo lalikulu zikuchitika ku Damasiko. Boma Suriya wasankha kusiya ntchito ya gulu lankhondo nthawi zonse, ndipo enlists thandizo la mafoni mphamvu yapadera. Mwamsanga kuthetsa mafupa magulu ankhondo, pambuyo pake mwachindunji yokonza. Zimenezi ndi kulipira - m'madera koposa kubwerera pansi pa boma.

Pa malo omwewo, ndi kusintha ndale. Bashar Asad amaiwala nduna ndi akapitawo chisankho oyambirira. Komabe, nkhondo Siriya akupitiriza kwambiri. Damasiko pang'ono chinkhoswe mu chitsutso, amene amagwiritsa zoponya mabomba kudzipha kulimbana ndi boma.

alowererepo yachilendo

Chakumapeto 2011, ku Suriya nkhondo kunadetsa mu chidwi atolankhani Western. mayiko ayamba kuthandizapo kwa zotsutsa. EU ndi US woyikidwa ziletso ndi Syria, kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama dziko kwa malonda mafuta. Komano, Chiarabu ufumu kutumikiridwa malonda embargo. Arabia, Qatar, Turkey ndi mayiko ena ayamba azikonza ndi mkono Free Army. Kupeza ndalama chatsika mofulumira, chifukwa mbali yaikulu ya revenues, kuwonjezera malonda yachilendo, anabweretsa gawo zokopa alendo.

Limodzi mwa mayiko oyamba poyera alowerere nkhondo ku Suriya, ndi Turkey. Imakhala chithandizo usilikali ndipo amatumiza alangizi kutsutsidwa. Ndiponso bomba loyamba la maudindo a boma la asilikali Suriya. Yankho anabwera pomwepo. Assad deploys m'gawo mpweya dongosolo lawo chitetezo, amene anawomberedwa pansi womenya Turkey. Bashar yekha akulengeza kuti ndi okonzeka kukambirana ndi zipani zonse, koma samamvetsa chifukwa nkhondo Syria kwambiri nkhawa United States ndi mayiko ena.

Thandizeni Assad boma

Mwa yozizira ya 2012 kale momveka bwino kuti nkhondo Suriya zonse kunachitika nkhondo. Kuitana kwa chithandizo cha boma Siriya anayankha ogwirizana ake nthaŵi yaitali, amene pambuyo "Arab Spring" amakhalabe osati kwambiri. Iran lakhala anatithandiza kwambiri kuti Assad. The Republic Chisilamu watumiza alangizi asilikali wotchuka IRGC ntchito militias maphunziro. Choyamba, boma anasiya mfundo imeneyi, poopa kuti magulu paramillitaristskie kusalankhula kokha kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu m'dziko. Koma pambuyo pa imfa ya m'madera ambiri kumpoto akuyamba zida zankhondo "Shabiha" (kuchokera Arabic - mzukwa). Izi asilikali apadera amene analumbira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa Assad.

Komanso ku Iran ndi maiko ena kufika zigawenga "Hezbollah". Izi imatengedwa bungwe zigawenga m'mayiko ambiri ku Ulaya ndi ku United States. Abale oimira "Party wa Allah" (ndi pomasulira "Hezbollah") ndi Islamist Shiite. Iwo nkhondo zonse zazikulu, chifukwa ali zambiri za nkhondo. Nkhondo ali kudzutsidwa wakutemwa boma pa anthu ambiri a kumadzulo kwa dziko la Syria. Anayamba mwachangu agwirizane magulu proasadovskim paramilitary. Ena mayunitsi ndi chikominisi.

The Nkhani ya nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Syria chimasonyeza kuti escalation waukulu zinachitika chiyambi cha phukusi yachilendo. Mu 2013, malo Shamy (Suriya dzina chikhalidwe) unagawidwa magawo angapo. Nacho kumenyana kufalitsa mantha ndi kusakondana pakati alionse, zomwe zachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha magulu ambiri osiyana, ambiri amene akumenyana tsidya lina, ndiye ena.

LIH

Mu 2014, dziko atamva za gulu la zigaŵenga "Chisilamu State wa Iraq ndi Levant". gulu anaonekera zaka zoposa 10 zapitazo, pambuyo pa nkhondo ya asilikali US ku Iraq. Choyamba, ndi nthambi ya al-Qaeda ndipo analibe chikoka kwambiri. Pamene nkhondo ku Syria anayamba apeze patsogolo, LIH analanda dera ena aku Iraq ndi Shamy. Magwero a ndalama amatchedwa magnates Arabia. Akuluakulu mbali mu nkhondo LIH pambuyo pa adani a Mosul.

Kuchita izi, izo anawatenga omenyana zochepa chabe. About 800 anthu analowa malire a mzinda ndi anagalukira nthawi yomweyo ndi isanayambike kunja. Komanso, m'chaka cha 2014 LIH analanda midzi yambiri m'dera la Mosul, ndipo analengeza chilengedwe cha caliphate a. Ndi wamphamvu kulimbikitsa LIH kupeza mbali padziko lonse. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, chiwerengero ozimitsa angafikire anthu 200 sauzande. Pambuyo pa adani a theka la Syria ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira anayamba kudzitchula chabe "State Chisilamu", aiming kwa mapangidwe caliphate lonse.

The IG ndewu mwakhama ntchito otchedwa ofera - kudzipha. Muyezo chiwembu cha kuukira m'munsi mdani akuyamba ndi kuukira. Pambuyo pake, anayamba kuukira Islamists mothandizidwa ndi magalimoto kuwala oti muli nazo zida ndi SUVs. IG Ikuonetsanso ntchito kwambiri nkhondo zigawenga, pomenyana asilikali ndi anthu wamba pa kutsogolo kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, mu Iraq ndi "alenje Raafidis". Zigaŵenga kubvala mawonekedwe a asilikali aku Iraq ndi bungwe anaukira anthu a oyendetsa adani ena. ovutikawo mukudziwa kuti iwo anagwa m'manja wa Islamists, pokhapokha adani ake.

Ngakhale IG amachita pa malire a maiko ambiri, akatswiri amavomereza kuti chilengedwe cha gulu limeneli ndi nkhondo Siriya chabutsa. zifukwa akuitanidwira osiyana. Baibulo ambiri - ndi chilakolako cha ku Perisiya kuwonjezera zochita zake mu Middle East.

uchigawenga padziko lonse

"Boma Chisilamu" wolakwa zosiyanasiyana uchigawenga mu madera osiyana a dziko. Anthu oposa 80 mwa anthu anaphedwa pambuyo kuukira hotelo mu Tunisia. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 2015 cholinga zigaŵenga anali France. Kuukira pa bolodi mkonzi wa magazini "Charly Edbo" imene lofalitsidwa zojambula wa Mtumiki Muhammad, anali mutu pamwamba pa TV padziko lonse. Boma French akutitsimikizira kuti pambuyo zigawenga adzatenga miyeso sikunachitekepo chitetezo. Koma ngakhale, mu November ku Paris kachiwiri chiwembu. magulu angapo amene ankachitika zikuphulika ndipo wachisokonezo kuwombera m'misewu. Chifukwa cha imfa ya anthu 130, oposa 300. anavulala kwambiri.

October 31 Sinai inaonongeka Russian ndege. Chifukwa, n'kupha anthu 224. A maola angapo pambuyo TV padziko lonse inanena za mavuto, ndi grouping "boma Chisilamu" ali ankanena udindo nkhaniyi.

Ntchito ya Kurdistan

Kurds - kuti anthu okwana 30 miliyoni ku Middle East. Iwo ali ana a mafuko aku Iran olankhula. Kurds kwambiri - Asilamu zolimbitsa. Ambiri m'madera Chikudishi moyo monga anthu yolembedwa. Komanso, anthu ambiri Akhristu ndi anthu a zipembedzo zina. The Kurds ndi ufulu wodzilamulira zawo boma, koma m'dera la tawuni yawo ndi kale amatchedwa Kurdistan. Syria pa mapu a Kurdistan ndi gawo lalikulu.

Kurds zambiri amatchedwa ndi mkhalapakati pa nkhondo Siriya boma. Mfundo kuti mtundu uwu kwa zaka zambiri akuvutika chifukwa paokha. Chiyambireni cha mavuto mu 2011, mbali ya Kurds anathandiza zitsanzo odana ndi boma. Mkubwela kwa gawo IG Chikudishi anali kuopsezedwa wa adani. ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira Chisilamu kulanga anthu wamba, chimene chimamulimbikitsa kuchita mbali mu mndandanda wa "Peshmerga". mongodzipereka Izi dongosolo la otchuka adziteteze.

Iwo akusangalala nawo ndithu ena Kurdistan. The Antchito 'Party, amene amachita pa dera la Turkey, nthawi zonse amatumiza ongodzipereka ndipo chithandizo. Turkey zikukangalika akulimbana ndi gululi, chifukwa ukhoza kuwononga dziko Kupititsa okhulupirika. The ochepa Chikudishi amapanga pafupifupi 20% ya chonse cha anthu a Turkey. Ndipo maganizo Odzipatula zafala pakati pace. Mbali yaikulu ya magulu Chikudishi amati leftist kapena kwakukulu maganizo chikominisi kuti sizikugwirizana mu dziko mkati mlingo Pulezidenti Erdogan. Mu kagulu ka Peshmerga kawirikawiri odzipereka leftist ochokera m'mayiko EU (makamaka Germany ndi Spain) ndi Russia. anthu awa musazengereze kupereka kuyankhulana kwa atolankhani Western. Atolankhani amakonda kufunsa chifukwa nkhondo Siriya amakakamizidwa achinyamata kusiya m'mayiko awo. Pamenepo amuna a udindo mawu mokweza ndi mfundo za 'kulimbana lonse la kalasi ntchito. "

US Role: Syria nkhondo

Chotero nkhondo yaikulu mwina koma kugwira diso la United States of America. The chimadalira la asilikali NATO kwa nthawi yaitali amakhala ku Iraq. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha vutoli States anapereka anatithandiza kwambiri kuti kutsutsako Siriya. Ndi mmodzi wa ziletso woyamba chikangoperekedwa ndi boma Assad. Mu 2013, Achimereka ikunenedwa kuti n'zotheka kuwukira mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito gulu dziko, koma kenako anasiya lingaliro wapanikizidwa Russia.

Mu 2014, United States monga mbali ya mgwirizano antiterrorist anayamba akupha udindo wa State Chisilamu. Near Syria ndi chimodzi mwa ogwirizana waukulu wa ku America mu East - Turkey. ankhondo Chikudishi mobwerezabwereza mlandu kuukira Mgwirizano pa maudindo awo pansi pa amati kuukira IG.

Syria nkhondo: udindo Russia

Russia wakhalanso nawo nkhondo yapachiweniweni kuyambira penipeni. Mu Russia mu Syria ndi kokha asilikali m'munsi. Ndipo ndi boma Assad wakhazikitsa mgwirizano umene kuyambira nthawi ya USSR. Russia, limodzi ndi Korea North, Iran ndi Venisueloy, amathandiza nkhondo asilikali a boma. Zonsezi zachitika kusunga mtendere mu dera. Mu 2014, Russia anayamba kanthu mu Samuwa. Mu masabata ochepa chabe anali kwambiri kuchuluka pamaso asilikali.

Pomaliza

Akamanena za nkhondo la ku Suriya kuyesa limati yachilendo kukhalabe kapena kusintha malo ake mu Middle East. Boma Chisilamu kawirikawiri chabe amapereka kwa oyamba a asilikali ku Syria. Koma chimayambitsa mdani wa ankhanza wochezeka m'chigawochi. Pa mfundo imeneyi ya Civil nkhondo akhoza kugawidwa mu mphamvu 3 lalikulu limene sangapambane ndipo sakufuna kutaya. Choncho, nkhondo adzapitiriza kwa nthawi yaitali.