Ndipotu chikhalidwe

Mawu akuti "Ndipotu chikhalidwe" ntchito zokhudzira ziwiri. Choyamba, pansi pake kumvetsa zochitika zimene zinachitika m'dera akamaziwononga ndi m'zochitika mbiri yeniyeni. zochitika izi sunali ngati ntchito ananena chidziwitso wa nzika zawo. Iwo cholinga ndi Musati muzidalira pa kuphunzira ndiponso kuzitanthawuzira ofufuza awo.

M'njira timapangira, mawu ali anamvetsa zimene zinachitika mu zochitika zinazake zachikhalidwe, ndi zinalembedwa mu chidziwitso sayansi za anthu, kupeza chinyezimiro chake mu mabuku, mapepala sayansi ndi mabuku ena olembedwa.

mfundo Social ndi mitundu iwiri:

• mwachindunji thupi zimene anthu;
• mankhwala a zochita za anthu (zauzimu kapena zakuthupi), mwa mawu zochita za munthu: ziweruzo, ziwerengero, malingaliro, etc.

Otetezeka mfundo chikhalidwe akhoza kukhala kuphunzira ziwerengero kuchititsa Kafukufuku , etc. Koma ndi chabe zochitika zamakono kafukufuku akhoza kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njira izi. Ngati iwo zinachitika kutali kale, pophunzira awo ndipo fotokozani kusanthula koyenera magwero a mbiri yakale, zipangizo, mokhala, akatswiri a zinthu zakale, magwero olembedwa (mbiri, malamulo, zikalata osiyana, mabuku, nyuzipepala, etc.). kuda izi n'zotheka kuwuka pofotokoza makamaka mfundo chikhalidwe.

Society Moyo wapangidwa ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Kusankha awo ndi grouping zimadalira cholinga anathamangitsa ndi kuphunzira katswiri. Economist phunziro la mafunso awo kuchokera kuika lonse kusankha zina zochitika, wachilamulo - zina, ethnographer - gulu chosiyana kwa iwo.

Social mfundo - ndi maziko chimene chimathandiza tikuona malamulo a chitukuko cha anthu, kuti abwezeretse zapitazi, kufufuza pano. Kumasulira kwa zochitika unachitikira mu magawo angapo. Choyamba, chifukwa iwo umaperekedwa sayansi, ndiyo mfundo chikukhudzana ndi mfundo sayansi (mwachitsanzo, kulandidwa wa mfumu womangidwa kwa "Kukwera ndale" Lingaliro). Kenako ankafufuza zonse zokhudzana ndi mavuto enieni Ndipotu limafotokoza kugwirizana ake ndi zochitika zina kutanthauzira zikhoza kukhala cholinga. kutanthauziridwa Only mfundo tinganene kuti sayansi.

Durkheim ankakhulupirira kuti zochitika chikhalidwe sangathe kusanduka limati munthu, malingana kokha pa mfundo za anthu zimene ali cholinga, chogonedwa monyengeleredwa, kunja kwa munthu. Iwo ayenera kuganizira, iwo kulibe popanda katundu ndi khalidwe la anthu.

Malinga Durkheim, chowonadi chikhalidwe ndi mbali ya dongosolo chonse, ali woona monga ndi zisathe, monga chirengedwe, kotero akufotokozera malinga ndi malamulo yake. Society - izo ndi cholinga chenicheni, omwe ndi osiyana ndi ena onse a mitundu yake. Iwo ali kudziyimira pawokha kwa zachilengedwe ndipo biopsychic chikhalidwe (zopezeka anthu). Choncho, anthu ndi anthu akuchitako monga dichotomous awiri embodying zosiyanasiyana mfundo imeneyi. Motero, munthu chilengedwe wapawiri (Homo duplex), zomwe co-zimachitika ndi chikhalidwe ndi munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu. The ulamuliro Pankhaniyi wa akamanena za chikhalidwe. The ndiye kuti pali munthu mwa anthu, osati mosemphanitsa (anthu wapangidwa ndi anthu).

mfundo Social ali m'dziko limene amalenga iwo. Iwo MUKACHULUKIDWE kaganizidwe ndi kanthu, angathe kulimbikitsa kutsitsimuka, kukakamiza anthu kuchita zinthu mwanjira inayake.

Durkheim wolemekezeka mitundu iwiri ya mfundo okhudzidwa: morphological ndi wauzimu. Zoyambazo ndi gawo lapansi chuma, yotsirizira akuimira zikhulupiriro, miyambo, ndi chikumbumtima anthu.