Ndi Yezidi ndi ndani? Yazidi mtundu: mizu, chikhulupiriro

Yezidi - mtundu, amene ankaona malo amene Mesopotamia mbiri. Awa ndi ana mwachindunji Ababulo wakale. Chipembedzo lokha amatchedwa "Yezidism" ndi mtundu wa Echo wa chipembedzo cha boma za Babulo wakale, amene inayambira mu Zakachikwi makedzana. Mu lina lomwe magwero a chikhulupiriro ichi amagwirizana ndi kusanganikirana zikhulupiriro chisanadze chisilamu ndipo Sufi ziphunzitso ndi Mkhristu ampatuko maganizo.

ndi Yezidis ndi amene

Mtundu Yezidis ali makamaka kufalitsidwa ku madera a Iraq, Turkey, Syria, koma anthu a chipembedzo komanso moyo mu Russia, Georgia, Armenia, ndi ena a ku Ulaya.

kafukufuku pa nambala amasonyeza kupezeka kwa miliyoni 0.3-0.5 Yezidis. Ndizovomereka kuti ndi gulu osiyana Kurds. Koma pa dziko Yezidi anthu ake amaonedwa wapadera, m'mbali kumakana ubale ndi Kurds. Tsopano lonse kuti nthumwi za magulu awo makamaka mitundu ndi zipembedzo. A mbali yofunika nyimbo mwa khama la Armenia Asia, umene anapeza anali wa zinthu zofunika kukhalabe chitetezo cha dziko. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi zosangalatsa za Armenia ndi loopsa kwambiri mbiri ya dziko "Chikudishi Chinthu".

Komabe ofufuza ambiri amanena pa kulankhulana ndi dziko "Chikudishi - Yezidi". . Mwachitsanzo, N. Ya Marr amakhulupirira kuti Yezidism - chipembedzo Chikudishi omwe ankati ambiri Kurds ku chikhazikitso cha Islam ndi iwo.

Dziko "Yezidi": mizu

Chiyambi cha dzina la anthu ndi kusamvetsetsana. Malinga ndi buku loyamba, mawu akuti "Yezidi" ali mizu Persian ndipo limatanthauza "mulungu". Baibulo wachiwiri anena kuti dzina amachokera mayina a geniuses anthu za ubwino ndi kuwala, ena a zilembo zazikulu za chiphunzitsocho Zoroastrian. Otsatira Baibulo lachitatu la amanena kuti likuchokera ku dzina la mtsogoleri Yyazida, amene anali mwana wa mtsogoleri wa Moabu. Koma monga mukudziwa, mogwirizana sikuti amatanthauza mfundo zimakhalira pachibale, kotero Baibulo atsopano zambiri adani. Pali zifukwa zina za Yezidis okha safuna kukhulupirira zisonyezo za mtundu wawo ndi dzina la kukhetsa mwazi wakupha Caliph Yyazida.

chinthu chimodzi momveka bwino: mtundu umenewu wa wakale kwambiri. fuko lino akuchita bwino kwambiri kusunga awo dzina, chinenero, miyambo, miyambo ndi zikondwelelo. Yazidis - mtundu (ili pansipa chithunzi) kwambiri logwirizana ndi akuchitachita.

Lalesh - kachisi yaikulu ya Yazidi

Ambiri mwa malo oyera opezeka ku Iraq kumpoto. Yaikulu ndi Lalesh Noorani. Mu anthu ilo likutchedwa wolemekezeka ndiponso wopatulika Lalesh. Ndi udindo wa aliyense gawo la Yazidi wopita ku malo awa kamodzi pa moyo wawo. Ngati ife tiyandikira kufanana, tikhoza kunena kuti kufunika Lalesh mwachinsinsi ndi kufunika wa Yerusalemu kuyambira pa Akhristu a Muslim a ku Mecca kapena Phiri Fuji mu Shinto. Lalesh - ndi malo manda a Sheikh Adi Ibn Muzaffar, amene amaonedwa wokonzanso ndipo anayambitsa chipembedzo.

Holide "Aida Yezidis"

M'katikati mwa December ali ku tchuthi chachikulu cha anthu. iye "Aida Yezidis" otchedwa. Amaona tsiku la chiyanjano. Kumakumbukulidwa pa Lachisanu wachiwiri wa December. Otsiriza masiku atatu pamaso pa holide - nthawi ya kusala kudya kwambiri. Mpaka dzuwa akupita pansi zoletsedwa kudya, ziribe kanthu zimene anali kumwa ndi kusuta. Lachinayi madzulo azibusa ndi kugona anthu pochita atsogoleri achipembedzo, akuimba nyimbo ndi kuvina. Lachisanu - tsiku kuyendera dziko anzanga amene posachedwapa anataya munthu banja. sabata A pambuyo "Aida Yezidis" limachokera holide ina yofunika - "Aida Shams" anatero masana dzuwa. Mwambo pokonzekera ndi pafupi zofanana.

Holide "Khydyr Nabi"

"Khydyr Nabi" - holide lotamanda onse Yezidis. Mtundu, chikhulupiriro, maganizo - zonse izi, mu maganizo a anthu, ayenera kukhala chisankho choyamba munthu aliyense. A Khydyr Nabi - mngelo-woyang'anira dzina kumathandiza kuphedwa wolungama ndi zilakolako za pa nkhani ya bwino. Nabi ndi woyang'anira woyera okonda, kugwirizanitsa ndi amachepetsa wa munthu lonse. Pa phwando ya munthu aliyense wamng'ono ndi mkazi aliyense Muzidya mikate mchere kuona loto tsoka lake. Kuti Anthu mwachionekere zina zofanana ndi phwando la St. Sarkis, omwe ulipo pakati pa Armenia.

chaka chatsopano

Monga anthu ambiri akale, Yezidis si kudziwerengera ndi chisanu ndi m'chaka, kani, kuchokera April. Chaka Chatsopano chikugwirizana ndi holide ya dziko, kumakumbukulidwa pa Lachitatu loyamba la mweziwo. Mbiri ya chiyambi chake chikugwirizana ndi dzina Malak-Tawsi - atumiki a Mulungu, amene mwachindunji ukuchititsa chifuniro cha Mulungu Wamkulukulu. Malak-Tawsi likumasuliridwa Mfumu Nkhanu. Pansi pa dzina ili, Yezidis ankalambira Ezra monga apamwamba pakati pa angelo asanu analengedwa ndi Mulungu. Amakuona ngati mngelo wakugwa. Iwo kuzindikiridwa ndi Lusifara mu Chikhristu ndi Chisilamu Shaitan. Ndi chikhulupiriro ichi chinali chifukwa kuti ambiri mwa anthu oyandikana kuganiza Yazidi monga "chertopoklonnikah" wa. Amene amadziwa ... dziko (Yezidis, mulimonse, basi m'kagulu okha mu gulu ili) sangathe adzatchedwa zimenezi, chifukwa polambira miyambo yambiri waubwenzi ndi wabwino. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti mu nthawi yotsiriza kodi chiyanjanitso cha Mulungu ndi mngelo wagwa. Chifukwa cha ichi, mu Yazidi chipembedzo ndi kutiletsa kutemberera Satana. Mwa njira, nthawi zambiri anthu a zipembedzo zina kolimba kudzudzulidwa chikhulupiriro kwa izo. Hava patchuthi akazi - nthawi iyi, yaikulu uvuni mwambo keke (Gato). Mawonekedwe a anamaliza ake, opangidwa kuchokera ku pastry. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mkati ghats Yezidis anaphika mikanda. Kapoloyu amasamalira ndondomeko yonse ya mkazi wamkulu m'banja. Pa zosayembekezereka ya yaikulu banja chikondwerero munthu kugawira Gata abale onse. Amene apeza chidutswa ndi mikanda, chaka lonse lidzakhala mwayi. Komanso kuchokera April fuko lino chimamanga chikhulupiriro china: April - zili ngati "mkwatibwi" wa miyezi ina yonse, kotero Yezidis pali taboo okhwima kugwira ukwati April; simungakhoze kukhala chinkhoswe nyumba, kulima dziko, kusamuka.

Yezidis ndi Armenia

Yezidi - mtundu, analipo zikwi oimira Chiameniya. Chiŵerengero cha anthu awa ndi mzake unapangidwa kuchokera kalelo. Iwo nthawizonse anali anthu ochezeka. Iwo amagawira tsoka zofanana, chifukwa onsewo ali mu nkhondoyi chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chawo anazunzidwa ndi nkhawa, amene akhaapatisa mupewe kwawo mbiri kuthawa Aiwo wake. Yezidis ambiri otsekula anakakhala East Armenia.

Armenia - yekha m'dziko limene sukulu, ophunzira a chinenero Yezidi. Pali 23. dziko ofalitsa angapo kutulutsa mabuku ndi zopeka mu chinenero Yezidi. Action Fund, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha sayansi ndi luso la Yezidi.

midzi Yezidi anavutika kwambiri pa chivomezi chowononga chimene chinachitika ku Armenia mu 1988. Kuchokela pamawu a ndiye Nduna ya USSR Nikolai Ryzhkov, amachezera m'derali, ambiri a iwo (pafupifupi 5500 anthu) anasamukira kudera Krasnodar.

Ngakhale chisoni chikondwerero, koma ife mu mawu a tingachipeze powerenga ndi, "aulesi incurious." Ndipo ngakhale lero si bwino lomwe za moyo nafe limodzi, anthu awa zakale Yezidis. Ambiri olakwika ndipo amaona. Koma chinthu chimodzi ndi zina. Yezidi - mtundu, amene oimira anatha mayeso onse, pokhalabe chikhalidwe mbiri ndi abwino. Ndipo izo zedi.

mwambo Yezidi

Pakuti Yezidis khalidwe lateokalaseli Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira Kapangidwe ka anthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iwo akhoza kukwatiwa kokha ndi nthumwi ya Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira chomwecho. Maukwati ndi anthu a zipembedzo zina ndikoletsedwa palimodzi.

Ansembe ku mibadwomibadwo amasankhidwa njira ya moyo. Ndipo anthu a mitundu ina angathe kukhala ansembe.

Malinga ndi Yazidi - iwo ali anthu osankhidwa, ndipo ichi ndi chinthu cholowa kuti imafalikira ku mibadwo achikulire wamng'ono.

Mbiri mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha chikhulupiriro chawo pafupifupi palibe umboni olembedwa. Awo malemba komanso pafupifupi konse kwathunthu zimaonekera mu pepala. Iwo anatenga chisamaliro cha chikhulupiriro chawo ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti kusunga malemba opatulika olembedwa mawonekedwe zovuta m'manja mwa osakhulupirira. Ndipo iwo akhoza kuvumbulutsa zachisinsi zinsinsi za chikhalidwe ndi miyambo yawo. Mbiri mfundo za anthu, malamulo a chipembedzo, malemba za mapemphero, miyambo yachipembedzo - izi zonse zinali zitapita kuchokera mkamwa kukamwa kwa zaka zambiri.

malemba opatulika

Zolemba ochepa zilipodi. Chiphunzitso achipembedzo kwambiri akhazikitsidwa mu masamba a mabuku awiri woyera - Dzhilva ndi Maskhafe liwiro. The choyamba - ndi "Bukhu la Chivumbulutso", wachiwiri - ". Black Book" amanena chodziwikiratu kumvetsa mphamvu za zipembedzo zina, chifukwa mabuku olembedwa yuzhnokurdskom chilankhulo.

Chifukwa onse mantha yemweyo osakhulupirira Yezidis pamodzi mu kulemba awo monga zinsinsi za nzeru, kuti palibe mlendo sanathe kumvetsetsa mawu awo.

Ziletsozi ndi malamulo

chiphunzitso Yezidis limaletsa kwambiri otsatira ake. Mongotsatila zofunikira ndi malamulo oletsa moyo amalola kukhala oona wotsatira chipembedzo.

Ochuluka kuposa ndi taboos chakudya. Mu maonekedwe ndipo ali ambiri taboos. Inu simungakhoze Mwachitsanzo, kuvala buluu.

Imatchedwanso taboos kugwirizana ndi zam'mwamba: moto, madzi ndi dziko lapansi. Ambiri mwina, mizu ya malamulo amenewa ndi chiphunzitso Zoroastrian loletsa zinthu am'nyozo zatchulidwazi.

Kutsegula latsopano Haji malo mu Armenia

Posachedwapa ku Armenia kunali kofunika kwambiri kwa Yezidis chochitika, amene anasonkhana ambiri aulendo ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Near mudzi mwa Armavir marz Aknalich iwo anatsegula malo atsopano a Haji. Zimene zinachitikazi chifukwa September 29 (kutsegula tsiku) monga mwa dongosolo la bungwe la National Council wa Yezidis a dziko, tsopano mwambowu anthu monga tsiku la Haji wa Yezidis. kachisi lotchedwa, consonant ndi svyatililischem waukulu Yezidis, limene lili kumpoto kwa Iraq, Lalesh.

Cholinga cha anatumidwa inali kupita chikumbukiro akuvutika chifukwa cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni Chiameniya pa Tsitsernakaberd, kumene mu 1915-1918 gg. Linanyeka oposa 1.5 Armenia, mwa amene anali oimira ambiri a anthu "Yezidi".

Kodi mtundu wopanda opatulika ku dziko kwawo. The watsopano kachisi - mwambo woyamba sakugwirizana Yezidis kunja kwa Kurdistan. Zimakhala malo ogona anthu 30, kumaoneka ngati phirilo Yezidi opatulika. Mfundo nyumbayi anatumikira monga njerwa, ndi pamwamba pa nyumba nsangalabwi. Nearby pali refectory ndi luso anthu 2000.

Chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri posachedwapa mu dziko Yezidi unachitikira pa June 30, 2008 mu Yerevan msonkhano Yezidis a dziko lapansi, amene panafika anthu okhulupirira padziko lonse. Kuti panali anthu kuti Yezidis 2 miliyoni padziko lonse kugwirizanitsa kusunga ndi kupatsira ana a mbiri, chipembedzo, miyambo, ndi luso. "Dziko Onse Yezidis agwirizane - Hola, Hola, Hola, Hola Sultan Yezidi zinyalala!" Izo zikumveka credo ndi cholinga chachikulu cha Yezidis.

gulu mitundu lidakalipobe osati chifukwa chakuti ambiri mwa oimira gawo wotanganidwa mu m'dera lakutali lamapiri. Kwa zaka zambiri Yazidis chitetezo unachitikira ndipo atetezedwe agonjetsi ambiri, zomwe zinathandiza kuti chipembedzo cha makolo awo ndipo lero.

Kuti adzimvera, tiyenera kunena kuti Yezidism - chikhulupiriro Yezidi - mtundu. Muslims - osati dziko, ndi kudzipereka kuti chipembedzo (Islam) Choncho, chizindikiritso mfundo izi sizolondola.