Ndakatulo Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin: yonena, ntchito yabwino ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin - wotchuka Russian ndakatulo, amene mavesi anali wotchuka kwambiri mu zaka chisanadze chosintha, ndipo m'nyengo ya Soviet. Iye anakhala ndi moyo wautali, chochuluka amene ali odzipereka pa ntchito zolembalemba. Wambiri Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina mwachidule m'nkhani ino.

Origin, zaka za maphunziro

Iye anabadwa pa December 6, 1848 m'chigawo cha Tver (m'mudzi Nizovka). Dera limeneli ndi kutikonda kwambiri Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. adzabadwira wake anaimba ambiri a ntchito zake. mudzi Nizovka Patapita zaka kubwera kudzakhala gwero la kudzoza kwa wolemba ndakatulo iyi. Iye ali odzipereka, makamaka ndakatulo yake yotchuka "kwawo" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

The makolo a ndakatulo iyi anali serfs. Spyridon D. ali ndizosowa maphunziro kwa agogo ake, Drozhzhina Stepan Stepanovich, amene anamuphunzitsa kuwerenga zilembo ndipo, ndithudi, Bukhu la Maola.

Mu 1858 Spiridon anatumizidwa ku sukulu kwa dikoni m'deralo. Apa ndakatulo tsogolo anaphunzira kwa zaka ziwiri ndi numeracy. Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin anakumbukira moyamikira masiku awa. Atumwiwo ndakatulo wake wa 1905 "Kusukulu dikoni." Mu maphunziro Spyridon Dmitrievich inatha - yozizira 1860 wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anapita ku St. Petersburg ntchito.

Akungoyendayenda kuzungulira dziko, kudzikonda

The zaka 36 moyo wake zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha masana chowawa kuzungulira dziko. Spyridon D. kusintha ntchito. Iye anali mtumiki nyumba za alendo, wothandizira mdindo kalaliki mu yamabuku ndi fodya masitolo, wogulitsa, Mtumiki lackey, wogwira wothandizila Steamship Company "Ndege", anadalira pa yobereka nkhuni njanji. Tsoka anaponya ndakatulo ku Tver ndi Moscow, Kharkov ndi Yaroslavl, Tashkent ndi Kiev.

The zaka koyamba kuyendayenda, St. Petersburg, (1860-1871 gg.) - nthawi olemba osati theka njala womvetsa chisoni alipo, komanso yogwira kudzipatsa Drozhzhina. Zaka zinayi anakhala mu likulu, anagwira odyera "Kavkaz" kugonana. Panthawi imeneyi, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin mwakhama ngakhale unsystematically, kuwerenga mabuku, nthawi zambiri zabwino kwenikweni :. Magazini monga "Kuwerenga kwa asilikali" ndi "Mir Mtumiki" wotchipa mabuku otchuka, etc. Koma patapita kanthawi Spiridon D. bwino ntchito za JS Nikitin AV Koltsov ndi Na Nekrasov. Iye mosangalala kuwerenga magazini "Kuthetheka". Spyridon D. kuyambira 1866 anayamba ankakonda kukacheza Library Public.

Omwe laibulale ndi ndakatulo yoyamba

Pa lathu maganizo ndi zokongoletsa ndi zokonda luso anali ndi maganizo abwino amadza Drozhzhina kuzolowerana ndi likulu ophunzira nthumwi za zigawo zosiyana za Democratic Youth. Kupulumutsa zovala ndi chakudya, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin anasonkhana laibulale wake. Pamafunikanso ntchito ndi olemba amalikonda. M. Yu Lermontovym ndi A. S. Pushkinym, Koltsov ndi Nikitin, P.-J. Beranger ndi Heine, G. I. Uspenskim ndi Tolstoy, N. P. Ogarevym ndi Schiller neri Al. Drozhzhin analinso chidwi "ngoletsedwa" mabuku. Ali ndi zaka 17, analenga ndakatulo yake yoyamba. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Spiridon Drozhzhin sanasiye kulemba ndakatulo. Yoyamba kulembedwa mu zolemba zake anaonekera May 10, 1867. Anamutengera ku mapeto a moyo.

Buku loyamba

Ndi 1870 ulendo woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito Drozhzhina kufalitsa ntchito zawo. Iye anatumiza pamwamba 5, mu maganizo ake, mavesi "Yojambulidwa Nyuzipepala", koma iwo anakana. Mu 1873 nthawi yaitali zolembalemba kuwonekera koyamba kugulu a ndakatulo iyi. Zinali ndiye Drozhzhina ndakatulo "Nyimbo ya phiri munthu wabwino," linasindikizidwa mu "Zikalata" magazini. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Spiridon D. nayamba kulalikira mwakhama zosiyanasiyana magazini ( "Russian Chuma", "Mausiku Banja", "Business", "Mawu" ndipo ena.), Komanso magazini ana ( "Young Russia", "Skylark", " ana kuwerenga, "" ana "ndi ena.).

Kudziwika, homecoming

Drozhzhina kutchuka ngati ndakatulo kumapeto kwa 1870 - 1880, ntchentche. Izo zidakula mofulumira. IZ Surikov kuzimwera chidwi wolemba wamng'ono kudziona anaphunzitsa. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi makalata zokhudza 1879.

Mu St. Petersburg, m'chigawo choyamba anaonekera mu 1889, Sd Drozhzhina ( "ndakatulo 1866-1888 gg. Ndi zolemba za mlembi wa moyo wanga"). Mu 1894 ndi 1907, bukuli angandisindikizirenso nthawi iliyonse mmene wakulitsidwa. Komabe, wolemba ndakatulo anapitiriza kukhala umphawi. Kumayambiriro a 1886 Drozhzhin atabwerera kumudzi kwawo Nizovka. Apa anadzipereka kwathunthu kwa mabuku, komanso zaulimi. L. N. Tolstoy linavomereza chigamulo, amene anatenga Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Dziko, iye anakhulupirira, akhoza kuuzira ndakatulo athandizapo latsopano.

Tinakumana ndi Leo Tolstoy ndi R. M. Rilke

Drozhzhin anakumana Lvom Nikolaevichem kawiri, mu 1892 ndi 1897. Wolemba ndakatulo mu apolisi m'mudzi anapeza anaziika chinsinsi, amene sizinamulepheretse kuchita. Pang'onopang'ono kukhala ndi wotchuka kwambiri ndakatulo Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. yonena wake ikusonyezedwa chochitika chofunika mu 1900: R. anafika ku Nizovka Rilke, akulu Austria ndakatulo. Iye anamasulira ndakatulo German Spyridon 4 Dmitrievich.

mabuku atsopano, kusintha kwa zinthu zachuma

Akutiakuti khumi zoyambirira za m'ma 20 anabwera mabuku awa Drozhzhina: mu 1904 - "ndakatulo Latsopano" mu 1906 - "wamba Chaka" mu 1907 - "Wofunika Songs" mu 1909 - "New Russian Song" ndi "Bayan" . Circle "Writers anthu" mu December 1903, anakhala madzulo mu Moscow, odzipatulira kwa chikumbutso thirtieth ya kulenga ntchito Drozhzhina. Mu chaka chomwecho pantchito (180 rubles chaka, moyo) anaikidwa.

Mu 1904 iye analemba ndakatulo yake yotchuka "kwawo" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Mlembi ali nthawizonse kumverera wapadera a dziko limene iye anabadwa. Izi ndi nkhani zambiri za ntchito zake.

Mu 1905 anakhala membala Drozhzhin bungwe ku yunivesite ya Moscow Society of Okonda Russian Literature. Ndipo mu 1910, December 29, ankamukonda Russian Academy of Sciences. kukula kwake ndi 500 rubles. Iye anali kupereka kwa zopereka Drozhzhinov 1907-09. October 19, 1915, buku lina Spyridon Dmitrievich, "Nyimbo wolima akale" (lofalitsidwa mu 1913), anali kupereka mwa Academy of Sciences. Drozhzhin anali kupereka pa "Pushkin" ndemanga.

Pogonjetsa nkhondo imperialist ndiponso thandizo la October kuukira boma

Kukhala m'mudzi, Spyridon D. mungawononge zochitika zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa anthu. Iye anakhala mmodzi wa olemba angapo Russian, amene anawadzudzula nkhondo imperialist. Mu 1916, panali Drozhzhina ndakatulo "Down nkhondo!". zochitika ake wamagazi mu 1914 amatchedwa "chidina wa nkhanza coarse" mu zolemba zake Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

yonena ake zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa October kuukira boma, ndilo 69 wazaka ndakatulo anakumana ndi chisangalalo. Iye anayamba kuchita utumiki ammudzi. Drozhzhin anali membala wa komiti wamkulu wa Township, iye anayenda kudutsa dziko, anthu akumeneko kuwerenga ntchito zake. Ndakatulo mu 1919 anakhala wapampando wa Writers 'Congress-proletarians m'chigawo lina la Tver. Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina ndakatulo anapitiriza lofalitsidwa kulisindikiza.

"Nyimbo ya ntchito ndi kulimbana '

Mu 1923 anaonekera zosonkhanitsira lake lotchedwa "Nyimbo ya ntchito ndi zophweka." Nthawi yomweyo chinali chidzatha liti awiri a ndakatulo iyi - pa 75th lokumbukira kubadwa kwake ndi chikumbutso 50 tili ntchito yolenga. Pa nthawi ya masiku amenewa Spyridon D. anasankhidwa ndi membala aulemu wa ndiye Union Russian woyimba. Komanso, Buku laibulale dzina Drozhzhina anaonekera Tver. Patapita zaka 5, pa nthawi ya chikumbutso 80th, Spyridon D. analandira Zabwino wa USSR Academy of Sciences. Yosainidwa ndi A. P. Karpinskim, pulezidenti ake.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Drozhzhin September 28, 1928, anakumana ndi limakhulupirira Gorky mu Moscow. Mu zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Spyridon D. ntchito pa Zotsatira izi: "Songs" (lofalitsidwa mu 1928), "Njira yopitira" ndi "m'mphawi Songs" (onse - 1929). "Nyimbo wamba ndi," anali buku otsiriza ndakatulo ndi lofalitsidwa mu moyo wake. Komanso Drozhzhin wokonzedwera kwa makina zinayi buku "Complete Works." Komanso, iye anabweretsa "Ndemanga pa moyo ndi ndakatulo" mpaka 1930.

Wolemba ndakatulo anafa Nizovka lakwawo ndi zaka 82. Izi anatsiriza yonena Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Mwachidule ndikuuzeni tsopano za cholowa chake kulenga.

Features chilengedwe mtengo Drozhzhina

Fumbi ndi nyumba kumene ndakatulo anakhala mbali yaikulu ya moyo wake, mu 1938, anatitumiza ku mudzi wa Zavidovo (Kalinin dera). Pali kowonera zakale chikumbutso cha ndakatulo, ndipo pamene admirers ambiri a luntha lake kubwera lero.

Creative njira Spyridon Dmitrievich unali wautali kwambiri, zaka zoposa 60. Iye analinso amazipanga wopindulitsa. Drozhzhin chikalata pa chopereka chake moyo wa 32, 20 umene - mpaka 1917. Tikumbukenso kuti mavesi Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina zambiri zaluso m'goli. Komabe anapeza luso ndi luso choyambirira mbali yabwino cholowa cha wolemba izi. Mu ntchito Drozhzhina chikoka cha ndakatulo monga Nekrasov, Koltsov ndi Nikitin. Mu angapo ntchito zake, a zaka 80-90-TH, likumveka ndakatulo Nadsona S. Ya kudzipereka, akulembayo, kuona mtima ndi kuyera -. Awa ndi makhalidwe amene amalembedwa ndakatulo Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Iwo angatchedwe woimba wa moyo m'mphawi. Mmenemu ndi mmene kumatanthauza akamanena za ntchito yake ndi njira yoyamba mabuku ( "imasonkhezera wanga", 1875).

chiwerengero A ntchito za ndakatulo analowa m'nthano ( "Songs antchito", "Nyimbo ya msilikali"). Ambiri a ndakatulo wake anakhazikitsako nyimbo ndi Oimba monga V. Ziering, Evseev, A. Cherniavsky, N. Potolovsky, Lashek F. neri Al. F. I. Shalyapin anachita awiri nyimbo pa ndakatulo a ndakatulo monga Drozhzhin Spiridon Dmitrievich .

Wambiri akuluakulu ndi ana ananyamuka m'nkhani ino chimangooneka kumvetsa zachiphamaso ntchito zake. Ndi bwino kulankhula mwachindunji ndakatulo, kuti tanthauzo ndi mbali ya ndakatulo Spyridon Dmitrievich.