N'chiyani chimachititsa mkaka? Kodi kupanga mkaka?

Mkaka - ndi chimodzi mwa zakudya zofunika kwambiri. Ndi mmene chikhalidwe, kuti kuchokera tsiku loyamba la moyo, ana ndi nyama achinyamata kudyetsedwa okha mkaka. Lili ndi zipangizo zonse zofunikira pa moyo wabwinobwino ya kukula chamoyo. Komanso amakhala wamkulu, munthu sataya mkaka. Ife ntchito monga mwa mtundu, ndi kukonzedwa (thovu anaphika mkaka, yogurt, kirimu wowawasa kirimu kanyumba tchizi, batala). Pali mkaka lonse ndi otsika-mafuta, mwatsopano ndi kusungunuka, chamunthuyo ndi youma .... Ndipo ngati thovu mkaka mankhwala ndi zambiri kapena sichidziwika bwino, ndiye otsiriza awiri anakopeka chidwi ndithu, makamaka ana. Ndithudi wosakhazikika pang'ono pestering inu funso: "Kodi amapanga mkaka" Nkhaniyi adzayesa kupeza yankho ndi kuphunzira zambiri za mankhwala bwino kuyambira ali mwana.

Kodi amapanga mkaka pano

Kumene, ngati inu mukuganiza chiyani za izo, funso "Kodi amapanga mkaka" Zikuoneka mopusa. Koma kokha zikuwoneka. Inde, mankhwala achilengedwe sindikuyankhula. Chinthu china - mkaka anagula. Kodi kuchita? Chotero funso la mwana m'tawuni pakamwa angamvele nthawi zambiri, ndipo pali alibe kudabwa. Ndipotu, ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe lomwelo, izo kukonzedwa monga inu musanafike kwa tebulo wathu. Anthu ena opanga oipa akhoza kuchepetsa ndi madzi ndi kuwonjezera pa masamba mafuta, kuwonjezera mafuta ake okhutira. Koma ichi ndi chosowa kwambiri. Ambiri a mkaka ndi zopangwidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zachilengedwe yaiwisi.

kapangidwe

Tikumbukenso kuti anthu ntchito kudya mkaka osati ng'ombe - M'madera ena analandira kuchokera mbawala yaikazi, mbuzi, atsala pang'ono, njati, ngamila. Mipweya ya mankhwala amenewa, ndithudi, zosiyanasiyana. Timaganizira za ng'ombe, chifukwa chakuti ambiri pa tebulo athu alipo. Choncho, kumaphatikizapo pafupifupi 85% madzi, 3% mapuloteni (otchedwa casein), mkaka mafuta - 4.5% kuti 5.5% ya shuga mkaka (lactose), komanso mavitamini ndi mchere. Mkaka mafakitale ndi mafakitale kumene kupanga mkaka (yeniyeni - kukonzedwa), kulabadira kwambiri mafuta zili ndi mapuloteni okhutira. Pamene choyambira cha mkulu mafuta mafuta kwambiri lochuluka, ndi mapuloteni ndi zofunika kupanga tchizi ndi tchizi zosiyanasiyana.

Bwanji Mng'oma wa fakitale mkaka ndi zomera mkaka

Pa maalumali masitolo ambiri, inu nthawi zonse kupeza mkaka. Koma inu musanakafike uko, kukonzedwa. M'pofunika kuteteza mankhwala. Inde, katundu opindulitsa akutayika, koma ena Zatsala. Taganizirani njira izi mu dongosolo. Mkaka yaiwisi amene lafika pa mbewu, koyamba utakhazikika ndiyeno homogenized. Homogenization pofuna kuti pamene kudzaza mkaka mu matumba padziko kumbuyo kirimu. Ndipotu, mafuta mkaka umene uli homogenizer ndi akuswa mu mikanda yaing'ono, anagawira uniformly mu unyinji wa mkaka. Izi bwino palatability poyambira chuma, bwino digestibility ake. Pamakhala kutentha mankhwala (ndi zofunikira mu decontamination wa mkaka, chifukwa angapezeke osati tizilombo zothandiza, komanso matenda kuchititsa) - angakhale pasteurisation, yolera yotseketsa kapena kopitilira muyeso-pasteurization.

Mitundu ya mankhwala matenthedwe

Ambiri njira kukhala woyamba. Iye ndi wofatsa kwambiri ndipo walola kuti apulumutse osati kukoma ndi fungo, komanso katundu zothandiza. Komanso, pambuyo pasteurization mkaka likhalebe wautali kuposa masiku. Makampani ano kunadetsa anayamba ntchito kopitilira muyeso-pasteurization. Njira isiyana ntchito yapita kutentha ultrahigh. Ndithudi, izo si zonse zothandiza katundu. Yolera yotseketsa amadziwikanso yodziwika ndi kuchitira pa kutentha. mkaka Izi kusungidwa yaitali (kwa miyezi 6 kapena chaka a). Childs, pambuyo kutentha mankhwala ayenera kukhala m'mizere makontena a pulasitiki kapena pulasitiki ndi kukhazikitsa mwa ogulitsa malonda.

za mkaka

Kuwonjezera mkaka ochiritsira, pali youma. Mwina si tonse tikudziwa bwanji kuti mkaka. Kwa nthawi yoyamba za mankhwala anadziwika mpaka kumbuyo 1832, pamene sayansi Russian, M. Dirchov anayambitsa kupanga wake. Ndipotu funso lakuti: "N'chiyani chimachititsa mkaka?" Yankho lake ndi losavuta: ng'ombe achilengedwe. ndondomeko ndi njira sitepe awiri. Mu mkaka woyamba anaikira mu apparatuses kuthamanga. Kenako, osakaniza chifukwa anauma mu zipangizo zapadera. Chifukwa ndi woyera ufa - ichi ndi mkaka wa ufa, m'malo ake otsala youma, amene anataya 85% ya m'buku lake (madzi). Ubwino yekha mankhwala pa mkaka lonse ndi kuthekera kwa yosungirako yaitali. Plus, pamafunika malo pang'ono, chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri pa kayendedwe. The zikuchokera mkaka ufa ndi mofanana lonse, kungoti palibe madzi. N'chiyani chimachititsa mkaka wa ufa, tsopano bwino. Ife chitani ntchito zake.

Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka ufa

Kodi kupanga mkaka wa ufa, ife tinapeza, tsopano penyani kumene ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, si zachilendo m'madera palibe kuthekera yodalirika olimba mankhwala achilengedwe. ufa limangolembedwa kusungunuka m'madzi ofunda (mu chiwerengero cha 1 mpaka 3), ndi pambuyo ntchito pa zolinga zina. Komanso, mkaka ndi maziko yopanga mwana chakudya (youma mkaka phala) ndi zakudya za ng'ombe wamng'ono. mankhwala angapezeke mu msika ufulu.

Za mkaka anaphika

Pali mtundu wina wa mankhwala chofunika kwa munthu - mkaka anaphika. Ambiri a ife mwina ndikaganizira kuti mkaka yakeyi. kusiyana kwake ku lonse ndi kukoma yosiyanasiyana ya pasteurization ndi kukhalapo kwa poterera. ndondomeko ndi chitsanzo zotsatirazi: mkaka wonse wothira kirimu kupeza mafuta misa kachigawo mu feedstock 4 kapena 6% (ndondomeko iyi akutchedwa normalization). Ndiye osakaniza anali homogenized (pa ndondomeko tatchulazi) ndi pasteurization ndi kukhudzana yaitali (za 4 maola kutentha 95-99 ° C). Pamene feedstock lino nthawi imalimbikitsidwa padziko aumbike filimu mapulotini mafuta. Kuti kukhudzana yaitali kutentha kumathandiza kuti maonekedwe a kirimu -colored (mkaka shuga mwachangu interacts ndi amino zidulo kenako anaumba melanoidin yopatsa azioneka). Chinthu chomaliza - yozizira ndi bottling mu muli mkaka ofunda. Ndi nzeru zonse. Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti kuyambira toplenki (wotchedwa mtundu wa mkaka yotchuka) kubala ryazhenka katyk ndi (ngati ntchito yokonza zosiyanasiyana chotupitsa kenako analandira thovu mkaka mankhwala ndi kugwirizana wakuda ndi kukoma mkaka anaphika).

Za mkaka kutungira

Nthawi zambiri mu mkaka wa masitolo akuluakulu angapezeke ma CD ndi mawu akuti "kutungira mkaka". Ndi chiyani icho? Ndipotu, ndi mkaka wabwinobwino, ndi mafuta-free, mwachitsanzo popanda kirimu. Childs, kuchuluka kwa mafuta si oposa 0.5%. Ndipo kodi mkaka wopanda mafuta? Akamagwira kulekana kwa mankhwala ake olimba zipangizo wapadera - separators. Pali amapezeka kulekana kwa kirimu mkaka ndi mphamvu centrifugal. Chifukwa ndi madzi otsika-mafuta.

Kuchuluka kwa mkaka kutungira

Pa ma CD mkaka tizisonyeza enieni kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi mapuloteni mu mankhwala. Tikumbukenso kuti kupeza mkaka ndi mafuta zili ng'ombe makamaka n'zosatheka. chiwerengerochi si chomwecho ngakhale ng'ombe nyengo zosiyana. Monga alendo mfundo zawo ndipo amafuna kuti matenda kutungira mkaka kupeza mukufuna mafuta okhutira (2.5%, 3.2% kapena 6%). Komanso, mkaka ntchito yopanga yogurt otsika-mafuta, kanyumba tchizi kapena yogurt. Inu mukhoza kugula mu mawonekedwe mmatumba mu shopu iliyonse. M'pofunikanso kuti, ndithudi, mtengo kuposa masiku.

Pa mkaka ndi ntchito yake umasinthasintha akulankhula. Nzosadabwitsa kuti ife kuyambira ubwana, nthawi zonse kuti: "Imwani mkaka - ndi zothandiza kwambiri." Ndipo izo nzoona, iwo amayamba ndi moyo wathu - nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana zedi ntchito m'chifuwa, kuti iye analandira gawo loyamba la colostrum thanzi. Ndiyamika mkaka mayi a mwana kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, mwana limakula ndi chimafotokozera. Kodi sizodabwitsa kuti mu miyezi ya moyo, mwathunthu ikukwaniritsa zosowa za mwana za m'madzi, zakudya, mavitamini ndi mchere. Ndithudi aliyense wa ife anaona kuti maziko a zakudya wathanzi ndiponso moyenera nthawi zonse mkaka ndi mkaka mankhwala. Kukula ana ndi zothandiza tchizi, ali ambiri calcium, zofunika kukula mafupa ndi mano wathanzi. madokotala okalamba komanso analimbikitsa monga chakudya mkaka wanu, chifukwa mafupa mu nthawi imeneyi ndi mofulumira kutaya calcium. Ngati kapena ayi, mankhwala ndi chofunika kwambiri. M'nkhaniyi, ife anayang'ana pa, kodi kuchita mkaka, amene amaona kulibe kusiyana ndi zothandiza. Ndithudi mwaphunzira zambiri zatsopano ndiponso zosangalatsa nokha. Khalani wathanzi!