Nakulitsa mbewu - ndi chiyani ichi?

zomera nakulitsa - izi ndi zimene anthu mwakula makamaka kenako uzidzatenga chakudya, chakudya, mankhwala, zipangizo mafakitale zosaphika ndi zambiri. Ambiri, izo zimabweretsa kwambiri phindu kwa munthu.

kulima

Panopa, pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha zomera mbewu kuti anthu analandira, domesticating ndi kukulitsa zakutchire. Ati iwo akhoza kukhala nthawi yayitali. Culturing zikuphatikizapo majini zomangamanga, mwakusakaniza ndi kusankha. njira zonsezi sizachilendo lero. Anthu aphunzira amapeza bwino ndi edible zomera mbewu sitinganene za awo zakutchire "abale." Akusiyana m'njira zambiri.

Features la zomera nakulitsa ndi zakuthengo

Chikhalidwe ndi chilombo zomera - awiri mfundo chosiyana. Iwo sayenera kusokonezedwa. Nthawi zambiri makolo yakuthengo ya zomera nakulitsa sali oyenera kudya ndi kuphika. Anthu pangozi kudya kokha pamene njala, kusowa wathunthu chakudya. Komabe, mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti mbewu zina zakutchire ndi machiritso katundu ndi phindu kwa thupi, amene si ankaikira awo "mbeu" chikhalidwe. Nkofunika kudziwa.

Buku wotchuka Vavilov

Mu Nsanja ya "malo chiyambi", lomwe linalembedwa ndi Vavilov bwinobwino analankhula za kusintha kwa zomera zakutchire chikhalidwe. Kodi si zosangalatsa kuti timudziwe bwino mmene anali ndondomeko? M'buku lomweli, inu mukhoza kuona zithunzi zosonyeza zomera mbewu. Chitukuko ambiri Ndi bwino kuganizira zimene ali ngati chilombo kapena amasiyana iwo. zomera zambiri mbewu anabadwa mu Laboratories, kumene asayansi anadziŵa iwo. Ndipo pa nthawi lembani ukuwonjezeka zonse, kunachititsa maina latsopano, kwa kuswana ndi kukonza majini akuthamangira osauka.

Asayansi kupereka anthu ndi ambiri zomera mbewu kuti ali oyenera chakudya. Zikuphatikizapo hybrids ambiri a mitundu alipo.

Center chiyambi

Izi dera linalake kumene wambirimbiri ndi anthu kapena yofanana zina zache. Poyamba Vavilov anafotokoza eyiti mbali zoterozo. Komabe, mu zolemba ina, iye analankhula za madera asanu ndi awiri. Aliyense ayenera osachepera amadziwa pang'ono za iwo.

1. Otentha South Asian dera. Mayiko a kuno? Otentha India, South China, m'mayiko a China, chisumbu cha Asia South-East. likulu ndi lodziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka chidwi zomera nakulitsa (za 1/3 onse yotseguka tsopano mitundu). Pano mukhoza kupeza ndalama yaikulu masamba ndi zipatso, komanso nzimbe.
2. East Asia dera. Kodi boma Kodi zosangalatsazo n'zotani? Kum'mawa ndi China chapakati, Taiwan, Japan, Korea. Chimakula soya, kudya azidya masamba ndi zipatso, zina zosiyanasiyana mapira. Kudera limeneli komanso wakhama kwambiri - 20% ya mbewu ndi anaikira mu zone izi. Chidwi, sichoncho? A zomera nakulitsa - ichi ndi chiyani? Izi, monga ife tinapeza kale, anthu kukula, zolinga zina.
3. South-West Asian dera. ndi nanga? Choyamba, pa Minor ndi ku Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, North-West India. Panali ena yonse ya tirigu, wambirimbiri tirigu, mphesa, rye, nyemba, zipatso. Mderali amalima 14% ya zomera nakulitsa, wodziwika mu dziko.
4. Mediterranean. boma, omwazika m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kudera limeneli, pamene otchuka wakale chitukuko limapanga 11% ya mitundu nakulitsa zomera. Zikuphatikizapo maolivi, ndiwo zamasamba (mwachitsanzo, kabichi), ndipo ambiri zomera anafuna kuti chakudya (flowered mphodza, clover). Izi ndi malo wopatsa kwambiri, amene amadyetsa ife. A chomera nakulitsa - chuma m'dziko.
5. Abyssinian dera. Izi ndi malo mwachilungamo ang'ono a mu Africa ndi zomera zachilendo kwambiri mbewu. Ambiri mwina, ichi ndi original malo akale a ulimi. Apa kukula manyuchi, nsawawa (oilseed), mtundu umodzi wa nthochi mitundu ina chidwi ya barele ndi tirigu.
6. Central America dera. Izi zikuphatikizapo South Mexico. Dera limeneli wolemera chimanga, koko, nyemba, kuleza chakudya thonje, ena dzungu. Apa kukula pafupifupi 90 mitundu ya zomera nakulitsa. Izi si kwambiri. Musaiwale kuti zomera nakulitsa - uyu ndiye kudalira athu, chotero tiyenera kuchitira mosamala zomera.
7. American South (Andean) dera. Kuyambira mutu zikuonekeratu kuti wofesayo pakati. Pamafunikanso m'madera ena Andean phiri ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya kumadzulo ya American South. Apa, ambiri tuberous (mwachitsanzo, mbatata), ambiri mankhwala (cinchona, koka chitsamba ndi zina zotero. D.). zomera Local ndi osiyanasiyana. Ndi bwino kuti minda yathu ndi opatsa, monga zomera nakulitsa - ndi chinthu popanda zimene sitinali moyo.

Pomaliza

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe zomera mbewu, ndi konse kusokoneza anthu ndi kuthengo. Inu mukudziwa ena mayina awo. mudziwe Izi ndi zofunika kukumbukira, iye sizilephera, imathandiza pa moyo.