Mpiru: chithunzi, kulima, ntchito, maonekedwe, wamamamayikirosikopu

Mmodzi wa zonunkhira otentha chimagwiritsidwa ankamuona ngati mpiru. Ndiphike mkatewo ndithu chabe, ndithu ankavala ndi zouma mbewu brew mu madzi ndi kuwonjezera kwa kutupa misa ndende ya vinyo wosasa ofooka (vinyo kapena apulo) ndi zonunkhira zosiyanasiyana, monga sinamoni, tsabola, Bay tsamba, tarragon, udzu winawake, anyezi ndi adyo.

Kampiru, kamene ntchito zonunkhira kuphika, ndi a mitundu itatu:

• White. The zakudya chikhalidwe England umatchedwa English.
• Black. mbewu zake ndi ntchito yokonzekera wotchuka Dijon mpiru. Pali pa 20 njira ya kuphika zokometsera izi.
• Mpiru, mu Ulaya kwambiri imadziwika ngati Russian (za iye ndipo m'nkhani wathu).

mafotokozedwe

Mpiru ndi pachaka herbaceous zomera, kufika msinkhu wa 40-100 masentimita, ndi ndodo, ndi ofooka mizu. Pa chilili nthambi zimayambira anakonza masamba tsinde, kuchepetsa oposa, pamene cholembedwacho zambiri wogawanika, adzafupikitsidwa ndi petiole. Masamba pansi ndi taphunzira, petiolate, kawirikawiri lirovidnoperisto-lobed, wobiriwira, ndipo ndicho pa kwambiri pamwamba - lonse, sessile, koma osati amplexicaul ndi bluish hue.

Inflorescence mpiru sarepstkoy - schetkovidnaya burashi mwamsanga amakhala yaitali mu nthawi maluwa. The zinayi perianth anapanga sepals spaced, golide-chikasu corolla ndi pamakhala, mwamsanga kuchepetsa mu msomali lapansi. Mu sarepstkoy mpiru - 6 stamens awiri amene ali kunja ndi wamfupi, pang'ono uchi zopangitsa pa tsinde la; posakhalitsa awiri, pali wina gawo lalikulu la chitsulo. The pistil tichipeza n'kuwasanganiza-M'mimbamo ndi capitate manyazi.

Zipatso za mpiru mu liniya, woonda, chimauma ngolo kutalika 7 12 mm. The awiri a mbewu - 1 mm, mtundu awo kapena wakuda-bluish ndi zofiirira woongoka chikasu. Maluwa mpiru ali mu May, ndi kupsa zipatso - June.

Kodi anapeza?

Mpiru absently amalima ku Central Asia, kumpoto China, Mongolia ndi Kumwera Siberia. Chomera angapezeke onse mu zone ya steppe, ndi wopanda dziko pafupi misewu. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mbadwa ndi feral mpiru m'malo ovuta. Chomera Russian muli nawo mwayi anabweretsa wotsika Volga fulakesi mbewu ndi mawere, koma am'deralo anakwanitsa amayang'anitsitsa katundu wa zomera oleaginous, ndipo adayamba zikugwira kulima ake. Kuti tsiku kufesa malo mwa oilseeds malo lachitatu chimodzimodzi sareptskaya mpiru (ntchito, ubwino ndi mipweya zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhaniyi). Suli kutali kumudzi woyamba Sarepta mpiru mafuta mphero amatulutsidwa mu 1810.

Mpiru: wamamamayikirosikopu

Mu mbewu, wopangidwa mwa khungu Ndisanaumbidwe ndi pafupifupi munthu zakudya zowonjezera minofu kapena endosperm. Chigawo mtanda Tingaone ochepa cotyledons horseshoe ndi muzu ozungulira mawonekedwe.

Mpiru (wamamamayikirosikopu ndi anatsimikizira) tichipeza zigawo zinayi. Large colorless maselo amene ali ntchofu kupanga wosanjikiza wakunja, kapena khungu. Pamakhala lalikulu kwambiri maselo woonda-mipanda, kutupa ndi macerating ndi pafupifupi kugwa mu mbewu youma.

Maselo lachitatu, sclerenchyma wosanjikiza ndi dongosolo khalidwe kwambiri. Pa mtanda chigawo anawaona ku mafunde, kumakhudzana ndi kutalika wosiyana, ndi uniformly kuwonjezeka, ndiye ikuchepa. Ichi ndi chifukwa mbewu ndi zinamenyanitsa pamwamba.

Tangential elongated maselo amene ali pigment bulauni, kupanga wosanjikiza wachinayi - khungu anatsatira endosperm. Koma Ndisanaumbidwe minofu ukufanizidwa ndi maselo woonda-mipanda munali mafuta mafuta ndi aleurone mbewu.

mipweya

mpiru mbewu zigwirizana mafuta zofunikira ndipo Fungo Mustard, bisulfate potaziyamu ndi glycoside sinigrin m'mimba kwa shuga mchikakamizo mirozina enzyme. Kuyambira mbewu thovu akhoza kukhala okonzeka mpiru zofunika mafuta ndi distillation pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotentha. The zikuchokera mankhwala analandira alipo zosaposa 40% Fungo Mustard mafuta ndi 50% krotonilgorchichnogo ndi tsianallil, kuda mpweya disulfide ndi dimethyl sulfide. Komanso, limatchula pamaso pa ethereal slabovysyhayuschego mpiru mafuta mafuta mafuta ongokhala erucic, oleic, linoleic, legkotsenovoy, linolenic, asidi myristic acid behenic, ndi mapuloteni ntchofu. Masamba a chomera lili carotene, ascorbic asidi, calcium mchere ndi chitsulo.

Mpiru: kukula

Zomera limakula bwino mu lotayirira, chonde ndi bwino chatsanulidwa nthaka, kuwonjezera, ayenera kupeza dzuwa. Zimafalitsidwa mpiru (kulongosola, wamamamayikirosikopu, mipweya anapatsidwa pamwamba) mbewu yofesedwa pa nthaka lotseguka ndi zofunika masika. Monga ulamuliro, kwa kulima mbewu anasankha malo ndi nyengo yofunda.

Kufesa tsamba mpiru mbewu ikuchitika mwamsanga. Maluwa zomera mu June ndi July, komanso nthumwi zina za banja kabichi. Pa kale kufesa Rosette masamba kukaonekera pamaso yozizira masiku yaitali, kuwonjezera, mbande adzatetezedwa ku kafadala crucifer utitiri.

Kukula mpiru optionally kuonetsetsa mabedi osiyana, ilo limakula bwino ndi pakati pa mizere ya. Mbewu yofesedwa ndi akuya zosaposa 1 cm. Mwamsanga pamene masamba woyamba, mbande ayenera woonda kuti mtunda wa pakati pawo anali 5 mpaka 8 cm. Kenako muyenera feteleza asafe feteleza ndi kuthirira. Pambuyo 20 masiku mpiru kutalika ukufika 10-15 cm, ndi kukhala wokonzekera ntchito.

Close achibale zomera chikhalidwe ndi kabichi, watercress, Palestina ankalima, turnips, rutabaga, radish, kugwiririra, chisanu ndi masika oilseed kugwiriridwa. Izi ziyenera kuonedwa pamene akukonzekera kubzala mbewu. Osati oyenera kukula madera mpiru komwe poyamba anakula fulakesi mafuta mbewu, mawere, mpendadzuwa kapena Beet.

Kodi kusonkhanitsa ndi kupeza zipangizo?

Mpiru, kapena m'malo mbewu zake okonzeka kukolola akakhwima mu m'munsi ndi pakati mbali ya nyemba mbewu, anayamba kufa masamba m'munsi.

udzu choyamba kuti ziume ndi modekha kupuntha mbewu ndi kuyeretsa mbewu. Iwo ndiye anali kufalitsa mu wosanjikiza woonda pa thireyi ndi potsiriza zouma mu malo bwino mpweya wokwanira. Zinthu bwino yaiwisi wakhala chamunthuyo, zikhoza mungaimitse kapena chipwirikiti.

Zouma mpiru mbewu kuloza ku matumba nsalu. Kusunga zipangizo tikulimbikitsidwa ku Limbo mu malo podutsa mpweya ndi youma, kupewa mustiness.

Alumali moyo wa mbewu mpiru - zaka 2, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito iwo pa nthawi imeneyi. Ngati zopangira akadali atachoka, adzaponyedwa kunja. mbewu Overdue ali osavomerezeka ntchito.

Mpiru monga feteleza

Monga mbewu misa watsopano, kuti anapatsa nthaka kuti akatidzadza ndi zinthu organic angagwiritsidwe ntchito mpiru. Manyowa obiriwira:

• akhoza kuchotsa dziko udzu, makamaka dothi nalo.
• Zikomo katundu anzeru phytosanitary amateteza slugs, wireworm ndi mtola njenjete, kumathandiza maonekedwe a choipitsa mochedwa ndi nkhanambo pa mbatata.
• Mofulumira kumawonjezera zotsalira zazomera, chifukwa mu nthaka nazo zakudya.
• Bwino dongosolo nthaka. Mizu ya mpiru, kufika kutalika mamita 1.5-3, dothi chatsanulidwa ndi kumasula amene amapereka chinyezi kukana kwambiri ndi vozduhoemkost.
• Akuzengereza asafe mu dothi ndi otembenuka zakudya zina organics popanda awalola kupita wosanjikiza zakuya.
• Mothandizidwa mbewu chisanu manyowa obiriwira ali n'kukhala kuphimbira, amene nawonso, mu yophukira ndi yozizira kuteteza nthaka kuzizira.

mitundu mpiru

Mu m'kaundula mwa zinthu kuswana la Chitaganya cha Russian mayina mitundu 9 kampiru, ovomerezeka ntchito:

• Madontho madontho - oyambirira kukhwima, ndi theka-kufalitsa Rosette kufika msinkhu wa 25-28 masentimita kuchokera kumera kukadula greenery akuthamanga kuchokera masiku 25 mpaka 30 ..
• Mpiru volnushki. Luso kukhwima abwera mwezi. Oyambirira kukhwima zosiyanasiyana ndi pang'ono kufalikira, lalikulu, chilili Rosette awiri ukufika 25-32 cm. Mustard volnushki chikuwonjezereka misa wobiriwira.
• Arigato.
• Ladushka. Luso kukhwima akubwera pambuyo masiku 58-60.
• Mustang - pakati kalasi, chomera kutalika ukufika 25-27 cm.
• Sadko.
• Wokongola. Kusonkhanitsa wobiriwira angayambe masiku 18-20 pambuyo zikamera.
• Prima.
• Wolimba.

Ntchito ku khitchini

Mpiru anapeza ntchito kuphika. Kuyambira likukhalira chosangalatsa kwambiri, amplifying palatability mbale ambiri. mpiru ufa ntchito yokonza mayonesi, sauces zosiyanasiyana ndi Mavalidwe. Mbewu wosweka kupereka kukoma wapadera wa sausages ndi mankhwala ena.

zakudya zamzitini, kuwaza ndi mpiru ufa, limapitirira. Supuni mpiru zambiri anatumikira monga enaake kuti nsomba ndi nyama, komanso kusuta fodya.

Mafuta mpiru mafuta chifukwa kukoma wabwino ntchito osati kuphika komanso kupanga katundu wophikidwa ndi zokolola zam'chitini. Malinga ndi oyang'anira zophika m'mayiko ambiri, izi ndi condiment kwambiri saladi, mbale nyemba, nyama ndi sauces.

Mpiru ufa ndi gawo la kupanga zoweta sauces, "Kuban", "kwakung'ono" ndi "South". Young mpiru amadyera pamene anawonjezera kuti saladi osati Awalemeza ndi vitamini C, koma bwino palatability.

m'madera ena a ntchito

Mpiru wapeza ntchito osati kuphika kunyumba komanso mankhwala. Mano zomera mafuta mbewu ntchito chimfine, bronchial yotupa matenda, mitsempha zotumphukira, pleurisy, nyamakazi, radiculitis ndi myositis.

Mpiru mafuta mkate ntchito monga chuma yaiwisi chopezera phytin, amene anasonyeza zochizira neurasthenia, scrofula, hypotension ndi mtima diathesis. zotsatira zabwino analandira pamene mpheto mankhwala ndi kukana kudya.