Mtsogoleri American kupanduka Joaquin Murieta: zaka za moyo, ndi mbiri, zithunzi

Zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zopitirira zana dzina la Joaquin Murieta Carrillo (Joaquin Carrillo Murrieta kapena Murietta) ndi wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Iye anali munthu wodziwika theka-lodziwika bwino ku California mu 1850, m'nyengo ya otchedwa Gold liwiro. Ena amamuona Chile Robin nyumba ndi patriot Mexico, ndi ena - ndi bandit ndi wakupha wamagazi. Choncho ndi amene Joaquin Murieta kwenikweni: munthu weniweni kapena wongopeka m'buku Dzhona Rollin Ridge?

yonena chenicheni

Joaquin Murrieta anabadwa mu 1830 kum'mwera kwa Mexico, m'chigawo cha Sonora. Kukwatirana ndi mtsikana wina dzina lake Rosa Feliz, iye anapita ku California, kutenga naye ndi abale ake atatu. Ndiye, pa msinkhu wa Gold kuthamangira anali. abale mkazi, Claudio Felis kwambiri anayamba kufufuza zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, ndi palokha kum'patsa okwaniritsa Joaquin Mustang ndiye vakeyro (mbusa).

Mu 1849 Claudio anamangidwa pa milandu ya kuba golide mgodi wina. Izo ziyenera ananena kuti umboni woti anali wochuluka, kotero nyatwa ngati mlandu angakhale aakulu kwambiri - imfa mwa kupachikidwa. Claudio analingalira n'zokayikitsa kutuluka scrape izi, kotero ntchito pa dongosolo kuthawa ndipo bwinobwino akuyendera izo. Patapita miyezi yochepa anatha kuika pamodzi gulu lawo la anthu mofanana yekha. Patapita kanthawi, izo imayendetsedwa ndi Joaquin Murrieta, amene yonena kwa mphindi adzakhala kumagwirizana ndi malonda wachifwamba.

Anawazunza ndi kuphana

Kumapeto kwa 1850 gulu la Claudio Felisa anachita upandu wawo woyamba. wovulalayo ake anali Dzhon Marsh, munda akuukiridwa ndi gulu la anthu 12. Iwo anapha mwini, koma ena osati kwambiri. Kenako, mbava anazindikira kuti iye ananena kulakwitsa losakhululukidwa, kusiya mboni moyo. Kenako, iwo anayesa kuti salinso kuchita zolakwa chomwecho.

masiku 10 pambuyo kuba, Yohane Marsh mbava ikuchitika usiku kuukira pa munda wovulalayo wake lotsatira - Digby Smith. Mu nyumba iyi iwo mwankhanza anapha anthu atatu: awiriwo kudula Chigaza, ndi wachitatu ndi onse mutu. Kusiya zochitika za upandu, iwo anatentha munda, umene ndi moto mpaka pansi. Patatha mwezi umodzi, gulu anayesa kulanda wovulalayo kachiwiri lotsatira, koma anakumana kukana kwa vakeyro amamudziwa zida. Ndi pamene wakuphayo ndi anazindikira kuti atsamunda m'dera tsopano tcheru, kotero Claudio Felice anaganiza kuti asamukire kumene migodi anali. Pali anthu ake anayamba kufunkha ndi kupha pa msewu apaulendo wosungulumwa.

Kufuna Claudio Felisa

zigawenga Joaquin Murieta anali m'bale mkazi wake September 1851 ndipo anatenga gawo mu akuba zingapo ndi kupha. Pamene chilamulo kwenikweni kupuma achifwamba kumbuyo, iye anasiya gulu ndipo nthawi zina iye anakakhala Los Angeles, ndipo Felice ndipo amathandiza wake, azungu anapitiriza depredations awo.

Iwo sanali kusamala yemwe kupha - akuvutika awo sanali negros yekha, Chinese ndi zoyera, koma Mexico, bola kumabweretsa akadzabweranso wabwino. Ndi zimenezi ndipo akhala cholakwa chachikulu, monga mwa Claudio Felisa ndiponso anthu a unawasiya ngakhale muno. Tsopano iye sakanakhoza mwa njira iliyonse kudalira anthu awo. Komanso, Mexico ayamba kusakasaka mtsogoleri okwiya pagulu, ndipo posakhalitsa gulu lonse clamped mu vise a. Malinga okha, pankhondo otsiriza ndi Zankhanza Aiwo Felisa litadzala thupi lake ndi zipolopolo.

zigawenga latsopano

moyo wamtendere mu Los Angeles msanga mumangonyong'onyeka kale mnzangayo Felisa, ndi Joaquin Murieta anabwerera nsomba wake wamagazi. Patapita kanthawi, iye ndi Reyes Feliz (m'bale wa mkazi wake) mlandu ndi kuphedwa Dzhoshua Bina, Major-General wa boma. M'bale-Joaquin agwidwe ndi kunyongedwa, ndipo iye anakwanitsa kuthawa. Pambuyo nkhani imeneyi, anati, ngakhale Murrieta mopanda manyazi anaponya msuwani wake popanda kuthandizidwa, ndipo wamantha.

Posakhalitsa, gulu latsopano mwa oyandikana nawo, koma palibe amene anadziwa molondola, amene ali mtsogoleri wawo. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti kapangidwe ka gulu chigawenga zikuphatikizapo asanu Joaquin - Carrillo, Murrieta, Boteler, Valenzuela ndi Okomorenya. Dziwani kuti mwamuna woyamba wa mayi wa bandit wotchuka anali labambo Carrillo, kotero mnyamata nthawi zina dzinalo.

Pakati pa mamembala a gulu analinso Manuel García, lotchedwa Zitatu toed Jack. Izi wawachifwamba osiyana wapadera udani prospectors amene anali chiyambi Chinese. Only miyezi ingapo raiders anapha anthu 22, ambiri a iwo anali ku China, chandalama za zana akavalo ndi kuba 100 zikwi. Madola golidi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti amwenye, mwachizolowezi, sanali kunyamula chida, nchifukwa chake iwo mosavuta talandidwa ndi kuphedwa. Nthawi zina ziwalo za otchedwa gulu la asanu anali makosi awo kudula Joaquin Chinese chabe kusangalala. Monga mukuonera, nthano, womwe wapangidwa kwa wawachifwamba Murieta womenya ufulu wa anthu ovutika, ndi wopanda chifukwa pang'ono.

chitsutso cha akuluakulu

Mu May 1853 ndiye Kazembe wa California John Bigler zinasaina lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ankapoperamo zida kulimbana magulu, lotchedwa "California Rangers." mkulu anaikidwa Captain Garri Lav.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Ranger anali tidzayesetsa olimba kwambiri - aliyense wa iwo analipira malipiro apamwezi a US $ 150. Mwa njira, mu masiku amenewo linali ndalama. Komanso, kwa bandit anapha anadalira kwambiri ndi mphoto ya $ 1 zikwi. Madola. Komanso, m'dera Chinese m'dera mantha ndi kuphana ambiri a m'dzikomo, wakhazikitsa umafunika ena kwa adani a achifwamba a.

Kusaka kwa gulu la asanu Joaquin

Akuluakulu a Boma la California anapangana ndi woyang'anira chiphalaphala pangano miyezi 3. Pamene ndinapatsidwa nthawi kuthetsa gulu kale kokatha pa July 25, iwo anaukira pa njira ya oipa. Pochita zimenezi, iwo anathandizidwa ndi gulu la Amwenye, posachedwapa akudutsa amene anawaona ku Mexico, amene anali wofanana kwambiri ndi anthu zigawenga, amene mtsogoleri ankati Joaquin Murieta. Photo sipezeka, ngakhale pali fano anapanga pamaziko a kulongosola wapakamwa wa munthu.

Imfa ya mtsogoleri

The Rangers msanga anaukira pa njira ya wakupha, ndi mmwamba ndi iwo. nkhondo A itayamba, umene posachedwapa inatha mu chigonjetso lathunthu nthumwi za lamulo. Monga umboni wakuti gulu inathetsedwa, anthu chiphalaphala anapereka zikho ziwiri. Mmodzi wa iwo - burashi atatu atagwira Jack, monga nkhope yake maonekedwe owonongeka kupitirira kuzindikira. Chachiwiri chinali mutu wa Mexico, monga mtsogoleri. zikho izi anaikidwa mu chidebe ndi mowa.

Mwalamulo, izo anazindikira kuti Joaquin Murrieta anaphedwa mu nkhondo imeneyo. Chifukwa cha Imfa: kuwombera ndipo kenako anamudula mutu. Bwanamkubwa anailandira ndipo anayendera zofunkha, ndipo anagwera woyang'anira chodalira mphotho. Izi ngakhale kukaikira ambiri kuti ndi mutu Murieta. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, anthu anakondwera. Manyuzipepala, nayenso, anaimba kulimba mtima Ranger mkulu Harry Chikondi ndi anthu ake kulikonse moni monga ngwazi. Monga mukuonera, zenizeni Joaquin Murrieta, amene anali umakhudza upandu, sanathe chochita ndi American zigawenga Latin.

Chiyambi cha nthano

Chaka atagonjetsedwa pagulu ndi kuphedwa kwa mtsogoleri wake Dzhon Rollin Ridge analemba ulendo buku la Murrieta, zomwe zafotokozedwa wake anatulukira yonena za ngwazi wake. Zinali m'buku ili, ndipo wakhala ndiwo kufala kwa nthano. Izo ziyenera kuti tsogolo la zojambulajambula ndi chikhalidwe zopeka ndi chidwi kwambiri. mfundo ndi yakuti pambuyo buku la America wa buku Ridge mwamsanga anaphunzira ku Ulaya. Buku yomweyo m'zinenero zingapo. Pa owerenga European, iye anali wotchuka kwambiri, choncho tinalisindikizanso kangapo.

Ndi ena mwangozi, mmodzi wa m'mabaibulo French wa bukhu linali mu Chile. Apa Roberto Ninne mwamsanga anamasulira buku m'Chisipanishi ndi m'mawu oyamba kwa iye ananena kuti ankati anali mu California pa Gold kuthamangira ndi Murieta anamva yekha. Choncho, kuganiza kuti zochitika ndi zilembo zomwe zinalembedwa m'buku la anali chenicheni.

buku

Buku Rollin Ridge, yakuti "Moyo ndi Zopatsa Chidwi cha Joaquin Murieta" amafotokoza nkhani ya wosauka uyo Mexico amene akufunafuna moyo wabwino, kwa California, komwe apeza golide. Nkhaniyo, ndi gringos (wotchedwa America woyera) osamuka nthawi zosiyana kwa Mexico, kotero chipongwe mkazi wake, ndi m'bale wake akunamizira iye kuba akavalo. Wosaukayo anapachikidwa pa mtengo yapafupi, popanda kukhala kumvera mfundo zake, ndi ngwazi ya womangidwa mtengo namkwapula.

Pambuyo akhakula wolunjika Mexico ndi mkazi wake ndi anzake angapo anasowa m'mapiri. Kweneko iye analumbira kuti aphe aliyense American woyera amene afika mu njira yake. Choncho Joaquin Murieta zaka za moyo kuti tsopano zoyenera kubwezera, anasonkhanitsa gulu laling'ono la maganizo amodzi ndipo anayamba kukhazikika zambiri ndi gringos ndi machimo onse anachita kwa iye ndi mkazi wake Rosita. Buku umatha ndi chakuti iye anali za kulera kugalukira lino la Mexico ndi khalidwe lotayirira la opondereza woyera, koma woyang'anira ntchito ndi akuluakulu kuyang'aniridwa ndi Harry chiphalaphala posachedwa anamupeza chipani chake, ndipo ankachita nawo iwo, ndi kupha mbali yaikulu.

Buku la Choikidwiratu

Pali Mabaibulo angapo a buku Dzhona Rollina Ridge limene poyambirira amagulitsidwa ndalama zosaneneka m'masiku amenewo - makope 7 zikwi .. ntchito Izi zikhoza kutenga malo oyenera mu "Guinness Book of Records" pa gawo la plagiarism lapansi. Patapita zaka 5 pambuyo buku la linasindikizidwa Rollin Ridge, panali mnzake wa bestseller kuti asanduke ndi woyambitsa wosadziwika, kumene mkazi wa Joaquin dzina kale Carmela m'malo Rosita, amene osati chipongwe ndi kuphedwa. Kenako, mu San Francisco ndinaona kusewera kuwala analenga zonse pa chiwembu chomwecho. Iwo ankatchedwa mkazi wa wobwezera wotchuka kale Bellori, ndipo Iye anaonekera ndi chilonda pa nkhope yake.

Joaquin Murieta: Latin American kupanduka mtsogoleri kapena wolanda yosavuta wakupha?

Panali incarnations angapo buku limeneli ulendo mpaka iye anasamutsidwa ku Spanish. Tsopano iye akutchedwa "Chile wakuba", zimene zinathandiza Joaquin Murieta kubwera ku malo omwewo. Apa ndi tsankho zopeka khalidwe anakhala wotchuka amene anamanga chipilala monga molimba mtima ndi wotsimikizika womenya ndi zinthu zopanda chilungamo!

The zikamera wa buku mu Chile ndi maganizo monga ntchito ndi mbiri kotero koyamba mbiri yakale olakwika amene ena mwa iwo m'mabuku ake amasonyeza tawuni Kilotu malo enieni a Murieta kubadwa. Koma ndinadziwa kuti zisungidwe lero Mexico timva wakale mpingo kudziika ena Joaquin Murieta, chaka cha kubadwa amene chikugwirizana ndi kubadwa kwa mtsogoleri wa gulu mwankhanza Zankhanza. Akatswiri ambiri timakonda kuganiza kuti zolembedwa izi ndi umboni wakuti iye anali adakali bandit Mexico, osati mtsogoleri wa zigawenga Chile.

Choncho ndi amene Joaquin Muretty kwenikweni? Pa funso limeneli pali yankho kotsimikizika, ndipo kunena zoona, silingakhale.