Mtengo kwa mafupa a anthu. Features mafupa

dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa amachita mu thanzi zofunika. Izi kusamutsidwa kwa thupi mu mlengalenga ndi kukhalabe kake, kuteteza ziwalo zisaonongeke makina ndi kukhala nawo udindo. Mtengo kwa mafupa anthu ndi lalikulu. Ichi ndi maziko amene popanda thandizo ndi kayendedwe ndi zosatheka.

Biology: mafupa a matabwa ake ndi mbali

Maziko a dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa ndi ya mafupa - mafupa. Anthu, tichipeza magawo angapo: chigaza, torso, m'chiuno ndi miyendo lotayirira. Kapangidwe ka zigawo zawo chifukwa dongosolo ofukula za thupi m'malere. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Njira kugwirizana fupa

Malinga ndi ntchito anachita ndi mafupa ogwirizana m'njira zosiyanasiyana. A kugwirizana atathana amatchedwa msoko. Mu njira iyi, chikugwirizana mafupa onse a Chigaza lapansi. A wakhanda parietal fupa a Chigaza wapangidwa wa chichereŵechereŵe, kenako m'malo mwa fupa. Izi ndi zofunika kuonetsetsa kuti pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa mwana wosabadwayo kudutsa zokwanira thirakiti yopapatiza wamkazi maliseche. Chifukwa nyumba imeneyi, chigaza amatha kusintha ukulu.

Mothandizidwa ndi theka ukusuntha pawiri pamodzi mafupa a msana. Pakati pa iwo ndi cartilaginous wosanjikiza angathe psinjika ndi mavuto. Choncho, msana sayenda yochepa. Chotero eg ali ubwino wake: ndi chichereŵechereŵe kumafeŵetsa tokhala pa kayendedwe mwadzidzidzi.

mayunitsi Mobile otchedwa mfundo fupa. Main mafupa a mtengo munthu ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito galimoto. Izi ntchito zofunika. Aliyense olowa ali mitu iwiri, yokutidwa ndi chichereŵechereŵe. Kunja nyumba imeneyi zina kutetezedwa ndi kapisozi limodzi limene amagwira Mitsemphayi ndi akatumba. Komanso limasonyeza ntchito yapadera M'mimbamo madzimadzi kuti kumachepetsa ndondomeko kukhululukirana.

Chigongono olowa ndi amasamukira yekha mu njira imodzi, bondo - awiri. Ndi chizindikiro, ndilo maziko a gulu lawo. Malinga chiwerengero cha malangizo a zoyenda amadziŵika chimodzi - awiri - zitatu ndiponso olamulira mafupa. Chitsanzo yamasika m'chiuno.

chigaza

Mafupa mutu ukufanizidwa ndi kugwirizana yoikika mafupa. Ndi chokha m'munsi nsagwada akhoza kusuntha, kotero timadya chakudya ndi nkhani.

Wina mafupa kwa anthu - chitetezo. Mafupa a Chigaza ndi kuteteza ubongo zisaonongeke.

gawo ili la mafupa la munthu lili ndi magawo awiri, nkhope ndi ubongo. Nawonso, zigwirizana amapasa ndi mafupa umodzi. Mwachitsanzo, zigawo zikuluzikulu waukulu wa dera nkhope ndi malar ndi maxillary. Cacikulu, chiwerengero ali mafupa 15. Brain Chigawo cha chigaza mwa dzenje kumbuyo kwa msana m'pamene njira. Chifukwa, izo zitakhala zotheka anatomic ubale wa ubongo ndi msana, umene ndi chofunika kuti uziyenda bwino za lamulo ubongo wa thupi.

torso mafupa

Iye ankayimiridwa ndi msana ndi nthiti. torso mafupa akutumikira monga maziko amene amagwira lamba ndi miyendo lotayirira.

Aliyense linkawonongeka imakhala ndi thupi ndi zokhudzana, koma choyamba cha iwo. Njirayi imatchedwa "Atlas" imakhala chabe a arcs awiri. Kwa iye mapanga awo Ufumuyo epistrophe - chachiwiri mu mzere. Kapangidwe Ichi chizathandiza ankasinthana wa mutu wa munthu. Cacikulu, gawo ili la mafupa ndizo 33-34 vertebrae, kupanga njira ku M'mimbamo ndilo msana.

Kapangidwe ka chifuwa kwathunthu cholakwika dzina lake. Kumatetezera ziwalo kuchokera mantha ndi mapindikidwe. Amakhala lathyathyathya fupa la sternum ndi, awiriawiri 12 nthiti, omwe amagwira kwa msana thoracic.

malamba mafupa

Chifukwa kuvala lamba? Kusunga zovala. Lililonse yankho. Mofananamo, nthambi lamba, amene amathandiza kufunika zofunika za mafupa a. Munthu sangathe kulingalira popanda kuyenda. Malamba yomatidwa fupa fupa miyendo ufulu.

Upper - ndi clavicle ndi scapula. Ndi malamba a nthambi chapamwamba monga m'chiuno ndipo sacral fupa. mawonekedwe Polusustav woyamba, wotchedwa ndi symphysis obisika. The sacrum tichipeza mafupa 5 zinaphatikizidwa mu chimodzi.

miyendo Upper ufulu

Zigawo 3: phewa, mkono ndi dzanja. N'zokhudza flexibly kupanga mafupa. Kuti tsamba chili humerus. Mkono popangidwa ndi mafupa ziwiri: ulna ndi utali wozungulira. The burashi, mudzachitira dzanja wolemekezeka, Piast ndi phalanges.

M'munsi miyendo ufulu

Mu gawo ili la akutali femur, tibia ndi miyendo. kapangidwe ndi yofanana ndi malekezero chapamwamba. Ndi mafupa a chiuno amamangirira za femur - motalikitsa mu thupi la munthu. The drumstick imakhala yaikulu ndi yaing'ono tibia. A amasiya - wa tarsal, metatarsal ndi phalanges.

Mafupa ndipo bipedalism

Kodi tanthauzo kwa mafupa a munthu ndi moyo wake, tapeza kunja. Koma pali chinthu china chofunika. mbali zonse za mafupa anthu imakhudzana ndi malo ake yopingasa m'malere.

Table "Human mafupa ndi mbali ya dongosolo lake chifukwa bipedalism" zikusonyeza zimenezi.

The kuchepa mu gawo kutsogolo a Chigaza amagwirizana ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu ya ubongo wa munthu. chitukuko zakhudza kulankhula ndi umboni chitukuko maganizo.

Anthropology - kuphunzira chiyambi anthu ananena kuti chifukwa cha njira chisinthiko. Chimodzi mwa zinthu galimoto - masoka kusankha. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti chifukwa cha kupulumuka anthu, kuthekera kupanga zida zosavuta ndi kugwira nawo ntchito. Izi zimatheka ngati kapangidwe wapadera wa burashi lapansi. Thorax nyama inagumula. Kuyenda ndi miyendo iwiri zamoyo ngati zovuta.

Choncho, mafupa anthu ali mbali zonse zofunikira pryahozhdeniya, kupereka luso kusintha malo a mbali payekha ndipo thupi lonse mu mlengalenga.